Carotid recurrent stenosis and risk of ipsilateral stroke: A systematic review of the literature

Stroke

Volumn 29, Issue 1, 1998, Pages 244-250

  Frericks, H ^a   Kievit, J ^a   Van Baalen, J M ^a   Van Bockel, J H ^a  

^a LEIDEN UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER   (Netherlands)

Author keywords

Carotid artery; Carotid endarterectomy; Carotid stenosis; Follow up studies

Indexed keywords

ARTERY INTIMA PROLIFERATION; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; BRAIN ISCHEMIA; CAROTID ARTERY; CAROTID ARTERY OBSTRUCTION; CAROTID ENDARTERECTOMY; ECHOGRAPHY; FOLLOW UP; HUMAN; INCIDENCE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RESTENOSIS; REVIEW; RISK ASSESSMENT; STROKE; THROMBOEMBOLISM;

EID: 0031963613     PISSN: 00392499     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1161/01.STR.29.1.244     Document Type: Review

References (72)

1. European Carotid Surgery Trialists' Collaborative Group. MRC European Carotid Surgery Trial: interim results for symptomatic patients with severe (70-99%) or with mild (0-29%) carotid stenosis. Lancet. 1991;337: 1235-1243.
2. North American Symptomatic Carotid Endarterectomy Trial Collaborators. Beneficial effect of carotid endarterectomy in symptomatic patients with high-grade carotid stenosis. N Engl J Med. 1991;325:445-453.
3. Asymptomatic Carotid Atherosclerosis Study Group. Carotid endarterectomy for patients with asymptomatic internal carotid artery stenosis. JAMA. 1995;273:1421-1428.
4. MEDLINE on CD-ROM. New York, NY: Ovid Technologies.
5. Knowledge Finder MEDLINE on CD-ROM. North Andover, Mass; Aries Systems Corp.
6. Lee ET. Statistical Methods for Survival Data Analysis. New York, NY: Wiley; 1992.
7. Rothman KJ. Modern Epidemiology. Boston/Toronto: Little, Brown & Co; 1986.
8. Kleinbaum DG, Kupper LL, Morgenstern H. Epidemiologic Research: Principles, and Quantitative Methods. Belmont, Calif: Lifetime Learning Publications; 1982.
9. Greenland S. Invited commentary: a critical look at some popular metaanalytic methods. Am J Epidemiol. 1994;140:290-296.
10. DerSimoman R, Laird N. Meta-analysis in clinical trials. Control Clin Trials. 1986;7:177-188.
11. Excel for Windows, release 5 (computer program). Redmond, Wash: Microsoft Corp.
12. SPSS for Windows, release 6.0 (computer program). Chicago. Ill: SPSS Inc.
13. EGRET, release 0.26.6 (computer program). Seattle, Wash: Statistics and Epidemiology Research Corp (SERC).
14. Archie JP Jr. Prevention of early restenosis and thrombosis-occlusion after carotid endarterectomy by saphenous vein patch angioplasty. Stroke. 1986; 17:901-905.
15. Atnip RG, Wengrovitz M, Gifford RR, Neumyer MM, Thiele BL. A rational approach to recurrent carotid stenosis. J Vasc Surg. 1990;11: 511-516.
16. Bernstein EF, Torem S, Dilley RB. Does carotid restenosis predict an increased risk of late symptoms, stroke, or death? Ann Surg. 1990;212: 629-636.
17. Civil ID, O'Hara PJ, Hertzer NR, Krajewski LP, Beven EG. Late patency of the carotid artery after endarterectomy: problems of definition, follow-up methodology, and data analysis. J Vasc Surg. 1988;8:79-85.
18. Cuming R, Worrell P, Woolcock NE, Franks PJ, Greenhalgh RM, Powell JT. The influence of smoking and lipids on restenosis after carotid endarterectomy. Eur J Vasc Surg. 1993;7:572-576.
19. DeGroote RD, Lynch TG, Jamil Z, Hobson RW II. Carotid restenosis: long-term noninvasive follow-up after carotid endarterectomy. Stroke. 1987;18:1031-1036.
20. Donaldson MC, Ivarsson BL, Mannick JA, Whittemore AD. Impact of completion angiography on operative conduct and results of carotid endarterectomy. Ann Surg. 1993;217:682-687.
21. Gelabert HA, el-Massry S, Moore WS. Carotid endarterectomy with primary closure does not adversely affect the rate of recurrent stenosis. Arch Surg. 1994;129:648-654.
22. Hansen F, Lindblad B, Persson NH, Bergqvist D. Can recurrent stenosis after carotid endarterectomy be prevented by low-dose acetylsalicylic acid? A double-blind, randomised and placebo-controlled study. Eur J Vasc Surg. 1993;7:380-385.
23. Harker LA, Bernstein EF, Dilley RB, Scala TE, Sise MJ, Hye RJ, Otis SM, Roberts RS, Gent M. Failure of aspirin plus dipyridamole to prevent restenosis after carotid endarterectomy. Ann Intern Med. 1992;116:731-736.
24. Healy DA, Zierler RE, Nicholls SC, Clowes AW, Primozich JF, Bergelin RO, Strandness DE Jr. Long-term follow-up and clinical outcome of carotid restenosis. J Vasc Surg. 1989;10:662-668. Editorial Comment, 668-669.
25. Hertzer NR, Beven EG, O'Hara PJ, Krajewski LP. A prospective study of vein patch angioplasty during carotid endarterectomy: three-year results for 801 patients and 917 operations. Ann Surg. 1987;206:628-635.
26. Keagy BA, Edrington RD, Poole MA, Johnson G. Incidence of recurrent or residual stenosis after carotid endarterectomy. Am J Surg. 1985;149: 722-725.
27. Kieny R, Hirsch D, Seiller C, Thiranos JC, Petit H. Does carotid eversion endarterectomy and reimplantation reduce the risk of restenosis? Ann Vasc Surg. 1993;7:407-413.
28. Kinney EV, Seabrook GR, Kinney LY, Bandyk DF, Towne JB. The importance of intraoperative detection of residual flow abnormalities after carotid artery endarterectomy. J Vasc Surg. 1993;17:912-922. Editorial Comment, 922-923.
29. Mackey WC, Belkin M, Sindhi R, Welch H, O'Donnell TF Jr. Routine postendarterectomy duplex surveillance: does it prevent late stroke? J Vasc Surg. 1992;16:934-939. Editorial Comment, 939-940.
30. Magee TR, Eamshaw JJ, Cole SE, Hayward JK, Baird RN, Horrocks M. A 5-year review of carotid endarterectomy in a vascular unit using a computerised audit system. Ann R Coll Surg Engl. 1992;74:430-433.
31. Mattos MA, Shamma AR, Rossi N, Meng R, Godersky J, Loftus C, Corson JD. Is duplex follow-up cost-effective in the first year after carotid endarterectomy? Am J Surg. 1988;156:91-95.
32. Mattos MA, van Bemmelen PS, Barkmeier LD, Hodgson KJ, Ramsey DE, Sumner DS. Routine surveillance after carotid endarterectomy: does it affect clinical management? J Vasc Surg. 1993;17:819-830. Editorial Comment, 830-831.
33. Ouriel K, Green RM. Clinical and technical factors influencing recurrent carotid stenosis and occlusion after endarterectomy. J Vasc Surg. 1987;5: 702-706.
34. Ranaboldo CJ, Barros D'Sa AA, Bell PR, Chant AD, Perry PM. Randomized controlled trial of patch angioplasty for carotid endarterectomy: the Joint Vascular Research Group. Br J Surg. 1993;80:1528-1530.
35. Reilly LM, Okuhn SP, Rapp JH, Bennett JB, Ehrenfeld WK, Goldstone J, Stoney RJ. Recurrent carotid stenosis: a consequence of local or systemic factors? The influence of unrepaired technical defects. J Vasc Surg. 1990; 11:448-459. Editorial Comment, 459-460.
36. Ricco JB, Gauthier JB, Richer JP, Benand P, Bouin-Pinaud MH, Demiot B, Auguy H, Barbier J. The evolution of carotid and coronary artery disease after operation for carotid stenosis. Ann Vasc Surg. 1992;6:408-412.
37. Rosenthal D, Archie JP Jr, Garcia-Rinaldi R, Seagraves MA, Baird DR, McKinsey JF, Lamis PA, Clark MD, Erdoes LS, Whitehead T, Pallos LL. Carotid patch angioplasty: immediate and long-term results. J Vasc Surg. 1990;12:326-333.
38. Salenius JP, Haapanen A, Harju E, Jokela H, Riekkinen H. Late carotid restenosis: aetiologic factors for recurrent carotid artery stenosis during long-term follow-up. Eur Vasc Surg. 1989;3:271-277.
39. Sterpetti AV, Schultz RD, Feldhaus RJ, Hunter WJ, Bailey RT Jr, Hacker K, Davenport KL, Richardson M. Natural history of recurrent carotid artery disease. Surg Gynecol Obstet. 1989;168:217-223.
40. Strawn DJ, Hunter GC, Guernsey JM, Kishore C. The relationship of intraluminal shunting to technical results after carotid endarterectomy. J Cardiovasc Surg (Torino). 1990;31:424-429.
41. Ten Holter JB, Ackerstaff RG, Thoe Schwartzenberg GW, Eikelboom BC, Vermeulen FE, Van den Berg EC. The impact of vein patch angioplasty on long-term surgical outcome after carotid endarterectomy: a prospective follow-up study with serial duplex scanning. J Cardiovasc Surg (Torino). 1990;31:58-65.
42. Zbornikova V, Elrstrom J, Lassvik C, Johansson I, Olsson JE, Bjornlert U. Restenosis and occlusion after carotid surgery assessed by duplex scanning and digital subtraction angiography. Stroke. 1986;17:1137-1142.
43. Bandyk DF, Kaebnick HW, Adams MB, Towne JB. Turbulence occurring after carotid bifurcation endarterectomy: a harbinger of residual and recurrent carotid stenosis. J Vasc Surg. 1988;7:261-274.
44. Callow AD, Mackey WC. Long-term follow-up of surgically managed carotid bifurcation atherosclerosis: justification for an aggressive approach. Ann Surg. 1989;210:308-315. Editorial Comment, 315-316.
45. De Letter JA, Moll FL, Welten RJ, Eikelboom BC, Ackerstaff RG, Vermeulen FE, Algra A. Benefits of carotid patching: a prospective randomized study with long-term follow-up. Ann Vasc Surg. 1994;8:54-58.
46. Eikelboom BC, Ackerstaff RG, Hoeneveld H, Ludwig JW, Teeuwen C, Vermeulen FE, Welten RJT. Benefits of carotid patching: a randomized study. J Vasc Surg. 1988;7:240-247.
47. Healy DA, Clowes AW, Zierler RE, Nicholls SC, Bergelin RO, Primozich JF, Strandness DE Jr. Immediate and long-term results of carotid endarterectomy. Stroke. 1989;20:1138-1142.
48. Mattos MA, Hodgson KJ, Londrey GL, Barkmeier LD, Ramsey DE, Garfield M, Sumner DS. Carotid endarterectomy: operative risks, recurrent stenosis, and long-term stroke rates in a modern series. J Cardiovasc Surg (Torino). 1992;33:387-400.
49. Nicholls SC, Phillips DJ, Bergelin RO, Beach KW, Primozich JF, Strandness DE Jr. Carotid endarterectomy: relationship of outcome to early restenosis. J Vasc Surg. 1985;2:375-381.
50. O'Donnell TF Jr, Callow AD, Scott G, Shepard AD, Heggerick P, Mackey WC. Ultrasound characteristics of recurrent carotid disease: hypothesis explaining the low incidence of symptomatic recurrence. J Vasc Surg. 1985;2:26-41.
51. Ackroyd N, Lane R, Appleberg M. Carotid endarterectomy: long term follow-up with specific reference to recurrent stenosis, contralateral progression, mortality and recurrent neurological episodes. J Cardiovasc Surg (Torino). 1986;27:418-425.
52. Archie JP Jr. Early and late geometric changes after carotid endarterectomy patch reconstruction. J Vasc Surg. 1991;14:258-266.
53. Avramovic JR, Fletcher JP. The incidence of recurrent carotid stenosis after carotid endarterectomy and its relationship to neurological events. J Cardiovasc Surg (Torino). 1992;33:54-58.
54. Baker WH, Koustas G, Burke K, Littooy FN, Greisler HP. Intraoperative duplex scanning and late carotid artery stenosis. J Vasc Surg. 1994;19: 829-832. Editorial Comment, 832-833.
55. Clagett GP, Patterson CB, Fisher DF Jr, Fry RE, Eidt JF, Humble TH, Fry WJ. Vein patch versus primary closure for carotid endarterectomy: a randomized prospective study in a selected group of patients. J Vasc Surg. 1989;9:213-223.
56. Denu GP, Ballotta E, Facco E, Franceschi L, Alvino S, Saia A, Calabro A, Grego F, Bonavina L. Stroke risk reduction in asymptomatic and symptomatic patients treated surgically: the effectiveness of carotid endarterectomy with patch graft angioplasty. Em J Vasc Surg. 1988;2:87-91.
57. Denu GP, Ballotta E, Franceschi L, Facco E, Alvino S, Milite D, Grego F, Bonavina L, Saia A, Meneghetti G. EEG monitoring, selective shunting and patch graft angioplasty in carotid endarterectomy: early and long-term results. J Cardiovasc Surg (Torino). 1988;29:499-508.
58. Facco E, Deriu GP, Dona B, Ballotta E, Munari M, Grego F, Behr AU, Baratto F, Franceschi L, Giron GP. EEG monitoring of carotid endarterectomy with routine patch-graft angioplasty: an experience in a large series. Neurophysiol Clin. 1992;22:437-446.
59. Glover JL, Bendick PJ, Dilley RS, Jackson VP, Reilly MK, Dalsing MC, Robison RJ. Restenosis following carotid endarterectomy: evaluation by duplex ultrasonography. Arch Surg. 1985;120:678-684.
60. Green RM, McNamara J, Ouriel K, De Weese JA. The clinical course of residual carotid arterial disease. J Vasc Surg. 1991;13:112-119. Editorial Comment, 119-120.
61. Magnan PE, Caus T, Branchereau A, Rosset E, Prima F. Internal carotid artery surgery: ten-year results. Ann Vasc Surg. 1993;7:521-529.
62. Maki HS, Kruger RA, Kuehner ME. The problem of recurrent stenosis following carotid endarterectomy. Wis Med J. 1991;90:583-585.
63. McCarthy WJ, Wang R, Pearce WH, Flinn WR, Yao JS. Carotid endarterectomy with an occluded contralateral carotid artery. Am J Surg. 1993;166:168-171. Editorial Comment, 171-172.
64. Myers SI, Valentine RJ, Chervu A, Bowers BL, Clagett GP. Saphenous vein patch versus primary closure for carotid endarterectomy: long-term assessment of a randomized prospective study. J Vasc Surg. 1994;19:15-22.
65. Pedrini L, Pisano E, Sacca A, Magnoni F, D'Addato M. Carotid endarterectomy in young adults. Int Angiol. 1991;10:220-223.
66. Ricotta JJ, O'Brien MS, DeWeese JA. Natural history of recurrent and residual stenosis after carotid endarterectomy: implications for postoperative surveillance and surgical management. Surgery. 1992;112:656-661. Discussion 662-663.
67. Roon AJ, Hoogerwerf D. Intraoperative arteriography and carotid surgery. J Vasc Surg. 1992;16:239-243.
68. Sandmann W, Kniemeyer HW, Hemmerling A. Frequency and clinical implications of recurrent carotid artery stenosis. Ann Chir Gynaecol. 1992; 81:231-235.
69. Sundt TM Jr, Whisnant JP, Houser OW, Fode NC. Prospective study of the effectiveness and durability of carotid endarterectomy. Mayo Clin Proc. 1990;65:625-635.
70. Volteas N, Labropoulos N, Leon M, Kalodiki E, Chan P, Nicolaides AN. Risk factors associated with recurrent carotid stenosis. Int Angiol. 1994;13: 143-147.
71. Warlow CP. Endarterectomy for asymptomatic carotid stenosis? Lancet. 1995;345:1254-1255. Commentary.
72. Moneta GL, Edwards JM, Chitwood RW, Taylor LM Jr, Lee RW, Cummings CA, Porter JM. Correlation of North American Symptomatic Carotid Endarterectomy Trial (NASCET) angiographic definition of 70% to 99% internal carotid artery stenosis with duplex scanning. J Vasc Surg. 1993;17:152-157.