Substance misuse in Aboriginal Australians

Addiction Biology

Volumn 3, Issue 1, 1998, Pages 29-46

  Gracey, Michael ^a,b  

^a CURTIN UNIVERSITY   (Australia)

^b Office of Aboriginal Health   (Australia)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AMPHETAMINE DERIVATIVE; CANNABIS; COCAINE; DIAMORPHINE; GASOLINE; ILLICIT DRUG; PSYCHOTROPIC AGENT; SOLVENT;

ABORIGINE; ADOLESCENT; ADULT; ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION; ALCOHOLISM; AUSTRALIA; DRUG ABUSE; FEMALE; GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION; GOVERNMENT; HEALTH STATUS; HISTORY; HUMAN; MALE; POLICY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; SMOKING; SOCIAL STATUS; SUBSTANCE ABUSE; TOBACCO;

EID: 0031962728     PISSN: 13556215     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/13556219872326     Document Type: Review

References (111)

1. National Aboriginal Health Strategy Working Party. A national Aboriginal health strategy. Report of the National Aboriginal Health Strategy Working Party, Canberra. Canberra: Australian Government Publishing Service, 1989:192.
2. Royal Commission into Aboriginal Deaths in Custody. National Report, 5 volumes. Canberra: Australian Government Publishing Service, 1991.
3. Reid J, Trompf P. (editors) The health of Aboriginal Australia. Sydney and London: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1994.
4. White JP. Prehistory. Horton DL, editor. The Encyclopedia of Aboriginal Australia. Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander History, Society and Culture, pp. 893-7. Australian Studies Press for the Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies, GPO Box 553, Canberra, ACT 2601.
5. Fullagar RLK, Price DM, Head LM. Early human occupation of northern Australia: archaeology and thermoluminescence dating of Jinmium rock-shelter, Northern Territory. Antiquity 1996;70: 751-73.
6. Peterson N. (editor) Tribes and boundaries in Australia. Australian Institute of Aboriginal Studies Canberra (1976). Humanities Press Inc., Atlantic Highlands, New Jersey, USA. Library of Congress Catalog Card Number 76 13319.
7. Abbie AA. The Original Australians. Sydney: A.H. & A.W. Reed, 1969.
8. Berndt RM, Berndt CH. The First Australians. Sydney: Ure Smith, 1974.
9. Horton DR. Tobacco. In: Horton D, editor. The Encyclopedia of Aboriginal Australia, p. 108. The Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies, GPO Box 553, Canberra.
10. Kirk RL. Aboriginal man adapting. Melbourne: Oxford University Press, 1983.
11. Thomson N. A review of Aboriginal health status. In: Reid J, Trompf P, editors. The health of Aboriginal Australia. Sydney and London: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1994.
12. Veroni M, Gracey M, Rouse I. Patterns of mortality in Australian Aboriginals, 1983-89. Int J Epidemiol 1994;23:73-81.
13. Anderson P, Bhatia K, Cunningham J. Mortality of indigenous Australians, 1994. Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Health and Welfare Information: a joint program of the Australian Bureau of Statistics and the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare. Canberra: Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra, 1996.
14. Dingle AE. The truly magnificent thirst: an historical survey of Australian drinking habits. Historical Stud 1980;19:227-49.
15. Larsen KS. Aboriginal group identification and problem drinking. Aust Psychol 1980;15:385-92.
16. Spencer DJ. Traditional alcoholism - the Australian Aboriginal model. In: Drug Issues Affecting Aboriginal Australians, Technical Information Bulletin No.79. Canberra: Australian Government Publishing Service, 1988.
17. Brady M. Drug and alcohol use among Aboriginal people. In: Reid J, Trompf P, editors. The health of Aboriginal Australia. Sydney and London: Harcourt, Brace, Jovanovich, 1991:173-217.
18. Brady MA. Alcohol and drug use. In: Horton DL, editor. The encyclopaedia of Aboriginal Australia. Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander history, society and culture, pp. 40-2. Australian Studies Press for the Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies, GPO Box 553, Canberra, A.C.T. 2601.
19. Eastwell HD. Aspects of drug use in Aboriginal culture. In: Technical Information Bulletin on Drug Abuse, No.79, pp. 1-7. Canberra: National Drug Abuse Information Centre, Commonwealth Government Printer, 1988.
20. Broome R. (editor) Aboriginal Australians. Black response to White dominance, 1788-1980. Sydney: George Allen & Unwin, 1982.
21. Hunter E. (editor) Alcohol. In: Aboriginal health and history. Power and prejudice in remote Australia. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1993.
22. Marinovich N, Larsson O, Barber K. Comparative metabolism rates of ethanol in adults of Aboriginal and European descent. Med J Aust (Special Suppl.) 1976;1:44-6.
23. Cook CCH, Curling HMD. The genetic aspects of alcoholism and substance abuse: a review. In: Edwards G, Lader M, editors. The nature of drug dependence. Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1990.
24. Goedde HW, Agarwal DP. Polymorphism of aldehyde dehydrogenase and alcohol sensitivity. Enzyme 1987;37:29-44.
25. Kamien M. Aborigines and alcohol: intake, effects and social implications in a rural community in western New South Wales. Med J Aust 1975;1: 291-8.
26. National Health and Medical Research Council. Is there a safe level of daily consumption of alcohol for men and women? Recommendations regarding responsible drinking behaviour. Canberra: Australian Government Publishing Service, 1987.
27. Kahn MW, Hunter E, Heather N, Tebbutt J. Australian Aborigines and alcohol: a review. Drug Alcohol Rev 1990;10:351-66.
28. Harris M, Sutherland G, Cutter G, Ballangarry L. Alcohol related hospital admissions in a country town. Aust Drug Alcohol Rev 1987;6:195-8.
29. Australian Bureau of Statistics. Western Australia's Aboriginal people: 1991 census of population and housing. Catalogue No. 4107.5. Perth: Australian Bureau of Statistics, 1993.
30. Knowles S, Woods B. The health of Noongar people in the Great Southern Health Region. Perth: Health Department of Western Australia, 1993.
31. Watson C, Fleming J, Alexander K. A survey of drug use patterns in Northern Territory Aboriginal Communities: 1986-1987. Canberra: Northern Territory Department of Health and Community Services Drug and Alcohol Bureau, 1988.
32. Lake P. Alcohol and cigarette use by urban Aboriginal people. Aboriginal Health Inf Bull 1989; 11:20-2.
33. Alexander K, Watson C, Fleming J. Kava in the north: a research report on current patterns of kava use in Arnhem Land Aboriginal communities. Darwin: Australian National University, North Australia Research Unit, 1987.
34. Hunter EM, Hall WD, Spargo RM. Patterns of alcohol consumption in the Kimberley Aboriginal population. Med J Aust 1992;156:764-8.
35. Hicks DG. Aboriginal mortality rates in Western Australia 1983. Perth: Health Department of Western Australia, 1985.
36. Devanesen D, Furber M, Hampton D et al. Health indicators in the Northern Territory. Darwin: Northern Territory Government Printer, 1986.
37. Khalidi NA. Aboriginal mortality in Central Australia, 1975-77 to 1985-86. A comparative analysis of levels and trends. Canberra: National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, 1989.
38. Gray A, Hogg R. Mortality of Aboriginal Australians in Western New South Wales, 1984-1987. Sydney: New South Wales Department of Health, 1989.
39. Thomson N, Smith L. An analysis of Aboriginal mortality in New South Wales country regions, 1980-1981. Med J Aust 1985;143 (Special Suppl. Aboriginal Health): S49-54.
40. Hunter EM. Changing Aboriginal mortality patterns in the Kimberley region of Western Australia, 1957-86: the impact of deaths from external causes. Aboriginal Health Inf Bull 1989;11:27-32.
41. Roberts D, Gracey M, Spargo RM. Growth and morbidity in children in a remote Aboriginal community in north-west Australia. Med J Aust 1988; 148:68-71.
42. Thomson N. Aboriginal infant morbidity, 1976-1981. Aust Aboriginal Stud 1983;1:10-15.
43. Gracey M, Spargo RM. The state of health of Aborigines in the Kimberley region. Med J Aust 1987;146:200-4.
44. O'Dea K, Spargo RM, Akerman K. The effects of transition from traditional to urban life-style on the insulin secretary response in Australian Aborigines. Diabetes Care 1980;3:31-7.
45. Hall W, Hunter E, Spargo R. Alcohol-related problems among Aboriginal drinkers in the Kimberley region of Western Australia. Addiction 1993;88:1091-100.
46. Sacks O. In: The island of the colour-blind. Sydney. Picador, Macmillan Australia, 1996:232-3.
47. Room R. Alcohol and ethnography: a case of problem deflation? Curr Anthropol 1984;25: 169-91.
48. Yates A. Current status and future directions of research on the American Indian child. Am J Psychiatr 1987;144:1135-42.
49. Westermeyer J. Use of social indicator systems to assess alcoholism among Indian people in Minnesota. J Drug Alcohol Abuse 1976;3:447-56.
50. Marshall M. "Young men's work": alcohol use in the contemporary Pacific. In: Robbilliard AB, Marsella AJ, editors. Contemporary issues in mental health research in the Pacific Islands. Honolulu: Social Science Research Unit, 1987:72-93.
51. Gattorna L, Thomson N. The hospitalisation of Aboriginal people in Western Australia, 1988-1992. Perth: Health Department of Western Australia, 1994.
52. Gracey M, Bobongie F. Hospitalization of Aboriginal adults for digestive disorders in Western Australia, 1989-1991. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 1995;10:313-18.
53. Holman CDJ, Bucens MR, Quadros CF, Reid PM. Occurrence and distribution of hepatitis B infection in the Aboriginal population of Western Australia. Aust NZ J Med 1987;17:518-25.
54. Unwin CE, Gracey MS, Thomson NJ. The impact of tobacco smoking and alcohol consumption on Aboriginal mortality in Western Australia, 1989-1991. Med J Aust 1995;162:475-8.
55. Gracey M, Sullivan H, Burke V, Gracey D. Maternal and environmental factors associated with infections and undernutrition in young Australian Aboriginal children. Ann Tropic Paediatr 1992; 12:111-19.
56. McGrath M, Collins V, Zimmet P, Dowse G. Lifestyle disorders in Australian Aborigines. Melbourne: International Diabetes Institute, 1991.
57. Australian Institute of Health and Welfare. Australia's Health 1994. The fourth biennial report of the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare. Canberra: Ausralian Government Publishing Service, 1994.
58. Gracey M. New World Syndrome in Western Australian Aborigines. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 1995;22:220-5.
59. Eaton SB, Konner N, Shostak M. Stone Agers in the fast lane: degenerative diseases in evolutionary perspective. Am J Med 1988;84:739-49.
60. Zimmet P, Serjeantson S, Dowse G, Finch C, Collins V. Diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease in developing populations: hunter-gatherers in the fast lane. In: Gracey M, Kretchmer N, Rossi E, editors. Sugars in nutrition. New York: Raven Press, 1991:197-212.
61. Unwin E, Serafino S. A study of hospitalisation and mortality due to alcohol use in the Pilbara region and Western Australia, 1989-1993. Perth: Health Department of Western Australia, 1995.
62. Weeramanthri T, D'Abbs P, Mathews J. Towards a direct definition of an alcohol-related death: an analysis in Aboriginal adults. Aust J Public Health 1994;18:71-8.
63. Wilkie M. Aboriginal justice programs in Western Australia. Research Report No.5. Perth: Crime Research Centre, University of Western Australia, 1991.
64. Gray D, Drandlish M, Moore L, Wilkes T, Riley T, Davies S. Aboriginal well-being and liquor legislation in Western Australia. Aust J Public Health 1995;19:177-85.
65. D'Abbs P, Hunter E, Reser J, Martin D. Alcohol-related violence in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities: a literature review. Report No.8 for the National Symposium on Alcohol Misuse and Violence. Canberra: Australian Government Publishing Service, 1994.
66. Brady M. Culture in treatment, culture as treatment. A critical appraisal of developments in addiction programs for indigenous North Americans and Australians. Soc Sci Med 1995;41: 1487-98.
67. Bott E. The kava ceremonial as a dream structure. In: Constructive drinking: perspectives on drink from anthropology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1987:182-204.
68. Cawte J. Macabre effects of a "cult" for Kava. Med J Aust 1988;148:545-6.
69. Alama K, Whitney S. Ka wai kau o Maleka. "Water from America": the intoxication of the Hawai'ian people. Contemp Drug Problems 1990; 17:161-94.
70. Mathews JD, Riley MD, Fejo L et al. Effects of heavy usage of kava on physical health: summary of a pilot survey in an Aboriginal community. Med J Aust 1988;148:548-55.
71. Thomson DF. Notes on the smoking pipes of North Queensland and the Northern Territory of Australia. Man 1939;76:81-91.
72. Stanner WEH. White man got no dreaming. Canberra: Australian National University Press, 1979.
73. Kamien M. The dark people of Bourke: a study of planned social change. Canberra: Australian Institute of Aboriginal Studies, 1978.
74. Stephenson J. Tobacco smoking by Aboriginal people in Wilcannia. Dubbo: New South Wales Department of Health, 1990.
75. Guest CS, O'Dea K, Carlin JB, Larkins RG. Smoking in Aborigines and persons of European descent in southeastern Australia: prevalence and associations with food habits, body fat distribution and other cardiovascular risk factors. Aust J Public Health 1992;16:397-402.
76. Hogg RS. Variability in behavioural risk factors for heart disease in an Australian Aboriginal Community. J Biosoc Sci 1994;26:539-51.
77. Gracey M, Burke V, Spargo RM et al. Risk factors for ill-health in a remote desert-dwelling Aboriginal community in Western Australia. Aust NZ J Med 1996;26:171-9.
78. Doll R. Prospects for prevention. Br Med J 1983; 286:445-53.
79. Bolinder GM, Ahlborg BO, Lindell JH. Use of smokeless tobacco: blood pressure elevation and other health hazards found in a large-scale population survey. J Int Med 1992;232:327-34.
80. Klesges RC, Klesges LM. The relationship between body mass and cigarette smoking using a biochemical index of smoking exposure. Int J Obstet 1993;17:585-91.
81. Gracey M, Dennison M, Gracey M, Burke V. Hospital admissions of Aborigines and non-Aborigines in Western Australia. Trans Roy Soc Tropical Med Hyg 1992;86:694-7.
82. Williams P, Gracey M, Smith P. Hospitalisation of Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal patients for respiratory tract diseases in Western Australia, 1988-1993. Int J Epidemiol, 1997;26:797-805.
83. Unwin E, Thomson N, Gracey M. The impact of tobacco smoking and alcohol consumption on Aboriginal mortality and hospitalisation in Western Australia: 1983-1991. Perth: Health Department of Western Australia, 1994.
84. Fortenberry JD. Gasoline sniffing. Am J Med 1985;79:740-4.
85. Seshia SS, Rajani KR, Boeckz RL, Chow PN. The neurological manifestations of chronic inhalation of leaded gasoline. Devel Med Child Neurol 1978;20:323-34.
86. Brady M. Heavy metal: the social meaning of petrol sniffing in Australia. Canberra: Aboriginal Studies Press, 1992.
87. Goodheart RS, Dunne JW. Petrol sniffer's encephalopathy. A study of 25 patients. Med J Aust 1994;160:178-81.
88. Hayward L, Kickett M. Petrol sniffing in Western Australia. An analysis of morbidity and mortality in 1981-86 and the prevalence of petrol sniffing in Aboriginal children in the Western Desert Region in 1987. Perth: Health Department of Western Australia, Drug Data Collection Unit, 1988.
89. Brady M, Torzillo P. Petrol sniffing down the track. Med J Aust 1994;160:176-7.
90. Folds R. Whitefella school. Sydney: Allen and Unwin, 1987.
91. Nurcombe B, Bianchi GN, Money J, Cawte J. A hunger for stimuli: the psychosocial background of petrol inhalation. Br J Med Psychol 1970;43: 367-74.
92. Eastwell HD. Elevated lead levels in petrol "sniffers". Med J Aust 1985 (Special Suppl.);143: 563-4.
93. Eastwell HD, Thomas BJ, Thomas BW. Skeletal lead burden in Aborigine petrol sniffers. Lancet 1983;2:524-5.
94. Burns CB, Powers JR, Currie BJ. Elevated serum creatine kinase (CK-MM) in petrol sniffers using leaded or unleaded fuel. Clin Toxicol 1994;32: 527-39.
95. Brady M. Heavy metal: the social meaning of petrol sniffing in Australia. Report to Research into Drug Abuse Advisory Committee, Department of Community Services and Health. Canberra: Australian Institute of Aboriginal Studies, 1989.
96. Burns CB, Currie B, Maruff C et al. Report to the Maningrida Council on petrol sniffing. Darwin: Menzies School of Health Research, 1993.
97. Burns CB, Currie BJ, Powers JR. An evaluation of unleaded petrol as a harm reduction strategy for petrol sniffers in an Aboriginal Community. Clin Toxicol 1996;34:27-36.
98. Burns C, Currie B, Currie J, Maruff P. Petrol sniffing down the track. Med J Aust 1994;160: 729-30.
99. Burns CB, Currie BJ, Clough AB, Wuridjal R. Evaluation of strategies used by a remote Aboriginal community to eliminate petrol sniffing. Med J Aust 1995;163:82-6.
100. Eastwell HD. Petrol-inhalation in Aboriginal towns, its remedy: the homelands movement. Med J Aust 1979;2:221-4.
101. Bryce S, Rowse T, Scrimgeour D. Evaluating the petrol-sniffing prevention programs of the Healthy Aboriginal Life Team (HALT). Aust J Public Health 1992;16:387-96.
102. Mobbs R. Evaluating petrol-sniffing prevention programs. Aust J Public Health 1993;17:79-80.
103. National Drug Strategy Household Survey. Urban Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples, Supplement 1994. Canberra: Australian Government Publishing Service, 1994.
104. Thomson N, English B. Drug use and related problems among Australian Aborigines and Torres Strait Islanders: current and potential data sources. Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Health Series, No. 6. Canberra: Australian Government Publishing Service, 1991.
105. Perkins JJ, Sanson-Fisher RW, Blunden S, Lunnay D, Redman S, Hensley MJ. The prevalence of drug use in urban Aboriginal communities. Addiction 1994;89:1319-31.
106. Hancock L, Walsh R, Henry DA, Redman S, Sanson-Fisher R. Drug use in Australia: a community prevalence study. Med J Aust 1992;156: 759-64.
107. Redman S, Cockburn J, Reid ALA, Sanson-Fisher RW. Alcohol consumption and alcohol-related problems: prevalence amongst a general practice population. Aust Drug Alcohol Rev 1987;6: 245-52.
108. National Heart Foundation of Australia. Risk factor prevalence study number 2-1983. Canberra: National Heart Foundation of Australia, 1988.
109. Larson A, Currie D. Injecting drug use by indigenous people in Brisbane: perspectives of service providers and the community. Queensland: Australian Centre for International Tropical Health and Nutrition, The University of Queensland, 1995.
110. Larson A. What injectors say about drug use: preliminary findings from a survey of indigenous injecting drug users. Queensland: Australian Centre for International and Tropical Health and Nutrition, The University of Queensland, 1996.
111. Gray D, Saggers S, Drandich M, Wallam D, Plowright P. Evaluating government health and substance abuse programs for indigenous peoples: a comparative review. Aust J Public Health 1995; 19:567-72.