Impacts of trawl door scouring on infaunal bivalves: Results of a physical trawl door model/dense sand interaction

Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology

Volumn 224, Issue 2, 1998, Pages 291-312

  Gilkinson, Kent ^a   Paulin, Mike ^b   Hurley, Shawn ^b   Schwinghamer, Peter ^a  

^a Fisheries and Oceans   (Canada)

^b MEMORIAL UNIVERSITY OF NEWFOUNDLAND   (Canada)

Author keywords

Damage; Infaunal bivalves; Otter trawl; Scouring; Trawl door

Indexed keywords

BOTTOM TRAWL; INFAUNA; SCOURING; TRAWLING;

ARTICLE; CANADA; MOLLUSC; NONHUMAN; SAND; SEA; SEDIMENT;

CANADA, NEWFOUNDLAND, GRAND BANKS;

BIVALVIA;

EID: 0031956672     PISSN: 00220981     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0022-0981(97)00207-4     Document Type: Article

References (40)

1. Anon., 1994. Conservation Aspects of Groundfish Gear Technologies in Eastern Canada. A Fisheries Resource Conservation Council Discussion Paper. Prepared by the Gear Technology Subcommittee. FRCC94.TD.4. Ottawa, Canada.
2. Arntz, W.E., Weber, W., 1972. Cyprina islandica L., (Mollusca, Bivalvia) as food for cod and dab in Kiel Bay (Fisheries Research Board of Canada Translation Series No. 1985). Fisheries Research Board of Canada, Biological Station, St. Andrews, N.B., Canada (original work published 1970).
3. Aquaprojects Inc., 1994. Responsible Fishing Gears and Selectivity. A Discussion Paper: Supplement to the Canadian Report of the 1994 FAO International Expert Consultation for the Code of Conduct for Responsible Fishing. Sidney, British Columbia, Canada.
4. Auster P.J., Malatesta R.J., Langton R.W., Watling L., Valentine P.C., Donaldson C.L.S., Langton E.W., Shepard A.N., Babb I.G. The impacts of mobile fishing gear on seafloor habitats in the Gulf of Maine (Northwest Atlantic): Implications for conservation of fish populations. Rev. Fish. Sci. 4(2):1996;185-202.
5. Barrie J.V., Lewis C.F.M., Fader G.B., King L.H. Seabed processes on the northeastern Grand Banks of Newfoundland; modern reworking of relect sediments. Mar. Geol. 57:1984;209-227.
6. Been, K., 1990. Mechanisms of failure and soil deformation during scouring. In: Clark, J.I. (Ed.), Proceedings of Ice Scouring and the Design of Offshore Pipelines. Calgary, Alberta, Canada, pp. 179-189.
7. Brylinsky M., Gibson J., Gordon D.C. Jr. Impacts of flounder trawls on the intertidal habitat and community of the Minas Basin, Bay of Fundy. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 51:1994;650-661.
8. Caddy J.F. Underwater observations on tracks of dredges and trawls and some effects of dredging on a scallop ground. J. Fish. Res. Board Can. 30:1973;173-180.
9. Canadian Fishery Consultants Limited, 1994. Review of Fishing Gear and Harvesting Technology in Atlantic Canada. Fishing Gear and Harvesting Technology Assessment. Prepared for Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Ottawa, Canada.
10. Crewe, P.R., 1964. Part 2: Bulk fish catching. Section 6, Bottom trawling. Some of the general engineering principles of trawl gear design. In: Kristjonsson, H. (Ed.), Modern Fishing Gear of the World 2. Fishing News (Books) Ltd., London, pp. 165-180.
11. Currey J.D. The effect of drying on the strength of mollusc shells. J. Zool. (Lond.). 188:1979;301-308.
12. Currey, J.D., 1988. Shell form and strength. In: Trueman, E.R., Clarke, M.R., (Eds.), The Mollusca: Volume 11, Form and Function. Academic Press, Inc., San Diego, California, pp. 183-210.
13. de Groot, S.J., Lindeboom, H.J. (Eds.), 1994. Environmental Impact of Bottom Gears on Benthic Fauna in Relation to Natural Resources Management and Protection of the North Sea. Netherlands Institute for Sea Research (NIOZ) Report 199-11, Netherlands Institute for Fisheries Research (RIVO-DLO) Report C026/94.
14. Harrison, P.H., Strong, K.W., Jenner, K.A., 1991. A review of fishing related seabed disturbance on the Grand Banks of Newfoundland. Maritime Testing (1985) Limited, Dartmouth, Nova Scotia.
15. Hynes, F., 1996. Centrifuge modelling of ice scour in sand. M.Sc. Thesis. Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, Memorial University of Newfoundland. St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada.
16. ICES, 1996. Report of the Working Group on Ecosystem Effects of Fishing Activities. ICES CM 1996/Assess/Env:1 Ref.: G. Copenhagen, Denmark.
17. Kaiser M.J., Spencer B.E. Fish scavenging behaviour in recently trawled areas. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 112:1994;41-49.
18. Kaiser, M.J., Spencer, B.E., 1996a. The behavioural response of scavengers to beam trawl disturbance. In: Greenstreet, S.P.R., Tasker, M.L., (Eds.), Aquatic Predators and Their Prey. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, pp. 116-123.
19. Kaiser M.J., Spencer B.E. The effects of beam-trawl disturbance on infaunal communities in different habitats. J. Animal Ecol. 65:1996;348-358.
20. Kenchington, T.J., 1995. A summary of the published evidence relating to habitat modification by fish draggers. In: The Canadian Maritimes Fishing: Let's Fix It, An Action Plan. SW Nova Fixed Gear Association, Shelburne, Nova Scotia, Canada, pp. 109-116.
21. Krost P., Bernhard M., Werner F., Hukriede W. Otter trawl tracks in Kiel Bay (Western Baltic) mapped by side-scan sonar. Meeresforsch. 32:1990;344-353.
22. Main, J., Sangster, G.I., 1979. A Study of Bottom Trawling Gear on Both Sand and Hard Ground. Scottish Fisheries Research Report Number 14, Department of Agriculture and Fisheries for Scotland.
23. McClelland Engineers, 1971. Soil Borings-Grand Bank 1971. Report prepared by McClelland Engineers, Houston, Texas, for Auroco Canada Petroleum Company. Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
24. Moshagen, H., Kjeldsen, S.P., 1980. Fishing gear loads and effects on submarine pipelines. In: Proceedings of the 12th Annual Offshore Technology Conference. Houston, Texas, pp. 383-393.
25. van Os A.G., van Leussen W. Basic research on cutting forces in saturated sand. J. Geotech. Eng. 113:1987;1501-1517.
26. Palmer, A., 1993. The speed effect in seabed ploughing. In: Proceedings of the 4th Canadian Conference on Marine Geotechnical Engineering. St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada, pp. 897-908.
27. Palmer, A., Konuk, I., Comfort, G., Been, K., 1990. Ice gouging and the safety of marine pipelines. In: Proceedings of the 22nd Annual Offshore Technology Conference. Houston, Texas, pp. 235-244.
28. Palmer, A., Konuk, I., Love, J., Been, K., Comfort, G., 1989. Ice scour mechanisms. In: Axelsson, K.B.E., Fransson, L.A., (Eds.), POAC 89. Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Port and Ocean Engineering under Arctic Conditions. Lulea, Sweden, pp. 123-132.
29. Paulin, M.J., 1992. Physical model analysis of iceberg scour in dry and submerged sand. M.Sc. Thesis. Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, Memorial University of Newfoundland. St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada.
30. Ramsay K., Kaiser M.J., Hughes R.N. Changes in hermit crab feeding patterns in response to trawling disturbance. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 144:1996;63-72.
31. Rowell, T.W., Schwinghamer, P., Gilkinson, K., Gordon Jr., D.C., Hartgers, E., Hawryluk, M., McKeown, D.L., Prena, J., Vass, W.P., Woo, P. Investigating the impact of otter trawling on benthic communities of the Grand Bank. Can. Tech. Report Fish. Aquat. Sci., in press.
32. Rumohr H., Krost P. Experimental evidence of damage to benthos by bottom trawling with special reference to Arctica islandica. Meeresforsch. 33:1991;340-345.
33. Schwinghamer P., Guigné J.Y., Siu W.C. Quantifying the impact of trawling on benthic habitat structure using high resolution acoustics and chaos theory. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 53:1996;288-296.
34. Selig E.T., Nelson R.D. Observations of soil cutting with blades. J. Terramechanics. 1:1964;32-53.
35. Shepard, A.N., Auster, P.J., 1991. Incidental (non-capture) damage to scallops caused by dragging on rock and sand substrates. In: Shumway, S.E., Sandifer, P.A. (Eds.), An International Compendium of Scallop Biology and Culture. Selected Papers from the 7th International Pectinid Workshop. World Aquaculture Society, Baton Rouge, La., pp. 219-230.
36. Stanley, S.M., 1970. Relation of Shell Form to Life Habits of the Bivalvia (Mollusca). The Geological Society of America, Boulder, Colorado.
37. Thompson G.R., Long L.G. Hibernia geotechnical investigation and site characterization. Can. Geotech. J. 26:1989;653-678.
38. Thompson, G.R., Foo, S.H.C., Matlock, H., 1986. Hibernia GBS foundation behaviour. In: Proceedings of the 3rd Canadian Conference on Marine Geotechnical Engineering, Vol. I, St. John's, Newfoundland, pp. 141-164.
39. Verley R.L.P., Moshagen B.H., Moholdt N.C., Nygaard I. Trawl forces on free-spanning pipelines. Int. J. Offshore Polar Eng. 2(1):1992;24-31.
40. Witbaard R., Klein R. Long-term trends on the effects of the southern North Sea beam trawl fishery on the bivalve mollusc Arctica islandica L. (Mollusca, bivalvia). ICES J. Mar. Sci. 51:1994;99-105.