Activated keratinocytes in the epidermis of hypertrophic scars

American Journal of Pathology

Volumn 152, Issue 5, 1998, Pages 1133-1141

  Machesney, Michael ^a,c   Tidman, Nicholas ^a   Waseem, Ahmad ^b   Kirby, Louise ^a   Leigh, Irene ^a  

^a ST BARTHOLOMEW S HOSPITAL   (United Kingdom)

^b GUY S HOSPITAL   (United Kingdom)

^c ROYAL LONDON HOSPITAL   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

FILAGGRIN; INTERMEDIATE FILAMENT PROTEIN; KERATIN;

ARTICLE; BASAL CELL; CELL PROLIFERATION; EPIDERMIS; EPITHELIZATION; GENE EXPRESSION; HUMAN; HUMAN CELL; HUMAN TISSUE; HYPERTROPHIC SCAR; IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY; IN SITU HYBRIDIZATION; INTERMEDIATE FILAMENT; KERATINOCYTE; MESENCHYME CELL; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN LOCALIZATION; WOUND HEALING;

ADULT; AGED; ANIMALS; ANTIBODIES, MONOCLONAL; CELL DIFFERENTIATION; CHILD; CHILD, PRESCHOOL; CICATRIX, HYPERTROPHIC; DNA PRIMERS; EPIDERMIS; FEMALE; HUMANS; IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY; IN SITU HYBRIDIZATION, FLUORESCENCE; INTERMEDIATE FILAMENT PROTEINS; KERATINOCYTES; KERATINS; MALE; MICE; MICE, INBRED BALB C; MIDDLE AGED; POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; RNA, MESSENGER; WOUND HEALING;

EID: 0031947591     PISSN: 00029440     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (60)

1. Helm PA: Burn rehabilitation: dimensions of the problem. Clin Plast Surg 1992, 19:551-559
2. Deitch EA, Wheelahan TM, Rose MP, Clothier J, Cotter J: Hypertrophic burn scars: analysis of variables. J Trauma 1983, 23:895-898
3. McDonald WS, Deitch EA: Hypertrophic skin grafts in burned patients: a prospective analysis of variables. J Trauma 1987, 27:147-150
4. Spurr ED, Shakespeare PG: Incidence of hypertrophic scarring in burn-injured children. Burns 1990, 16:179-181
5. Moir GC, Shakespeare V, Shakespeare PG: Audit of thermally injured children under 5 years of age. Burns 1991, 17:406-410
6. Rockwell WB, Cohen IK, Ehrlich HP: Keloids and hypertrophic scars: a comprehensive review. Plast Reconstr Surg 1988, 84:827-837
7. Cuono CB: Scars and Keloids. Plastic Surgery Principles and Practice. Edited by MJ Jurkiewicz, TJ Krizek, SJ Mathes, S Ariyan. St. Louis, Mosby, 1990, pp 1411-1428
8. McGrouther DA: Hypertrophic or keloid scars? Eye 1994, 8:200-203
9. O'Sullivan ST, O'Shaughnessey M, O'Connor TPF: Aetiology and management of hypertrophic scar. Ann R Coll Surg England 1996, 78:168-175
10. Linares HA: From wound to scar. Burns 1996, 22:339-352
11. Holmes JD, Muir IFK, Rayner CRW: A hypothesis of the healing of deep dermal burns and the significance for treatment. Br J Surg 1983, 70:611-613
12. Nicolas JF, Gaucherand M, Delaporte E, Hartman D, Richard M, Croute F, Thivolet J: Wound healing: a result of coordinate keratinocyte-fibroblast interactions. The role of keratinocyte cytokines. Wound Healing. Edited by H Janssen, R Rooman, JIS Robertson. Petersfield, UK, Wightson Biomedical Publishing Ltd, 1991, pp 71-80
13. Slavin J: The role of cytokines in wound healing. J Pathol 1996, 178:5-10
14. Martin P: Wound healing-aiming for perfect skin regeneration. Science 1997, 276:75-81
15. Moll R, Franke WW, Schiller DL, Geiger B, Krepler R: The catalog of human cytokeratins: patterns of expression in normal epithelia, tumours and cultured cells. Cell 1982, 31:11-24
16. Morley SM, Lane EB: The keratinocyte cytoskeleton. The Keratinocyte Handbook. Edited by I Leigh, B Lane, F Watt. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1994, pp 293-321
17. Smack DP, Korge BP, James WD: Keratin and keratinization. J Am Acad Dermatol 1994, 30:85-102
18. Fuchs S: Keratins and the skin. Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol 1995, 11:123-153
19. Eckert RL: Structure, function, and differentiation of the keratinocyte. Physiol Rev 1989, 69:1316-1346
20. Dale BA, Presand RB, Fleckman P, Kam E, Resing KA: Phenotypic expression and processing of filaggrin in epidermal differentiation. Molecular Biology of the Skin. Edited by M Darmon, M Blumenberg. San Diego, Academic Press, Inc., 1993
21. Leigh IM, Purkis PE, Whitehead P, Lane EB: Monospecific monoclonal antibodies to keratin 1 carboxy terminal (synthetic peptide) and to keratin 10 as markers of epidermal differentiation. Br J Dermatol 1993, 29:110-119
22. Purkis PE, Steel JB, Mackenzie IC, Nathrath WB, Leigh IM, Lane EB: Antibody markers of basal cells in complex epithelia. J Cell Sci 1990, 97:39-50
23. Lane EB, Bártek J, Purkis PE, Leigh IM: Keratin antigens in differentiating skin. Ann NY Acad Sci 1985, 55:241-258
24. Lane EB, Wilson CA, Hughes BR, Leigh IM: Stem cells in hair follicles. Ann NY Acad Sci 1991, 642:197-213
25. Guelstein VI, Tchypysheva TA, Ermilova VD, Litvinova LV, Troyanovsky SM, Bannikov GA: Monoclonal antibody mapping of keratins 8 and 17 and vimentin in normal human mammary gland, benign tumors, dysplasias and breast cancer. Int J Cancer 1988, 42:147-153
26. Fleckman P, Dale BA, Holbrook KA: Profilaggrin, a high-molecular-weight precursor of filaggrin in human epidermis and cultured keratinocytes. J Invest Dermatol 1985, 85:507-512
27. Wilson CL, Dean D, Lane EB, Dawber RPR, Leigh IM: Keratinocyte differentiation in psoriatic scalp: morphology and expression of epithelial keratins. Br J Dermatol 1994, 131:191-200
28. Bernard BA, Asselmeau D, Schaffar Deshayes L, Darmon MY: Abnormal sequence of expression of differentiation markers in psoriatic epidermis: inversion of two steps in the differentiation program? J Invest Dermatol 1988, 90:801-805
29. Leigh IM, Navsaria H, Purkis PE, McKay IA, Bowden PE, Riddle PN: Keratins (K16 and K17) as markers of keratinocyte hyperproliferation in psoriais in vivo and in vitro. Br J Dermatol 1995, 33:501-511
30. Mansbridge JN, Knapp AM: Changes in keratinocyte maturation during wound healing. J Invest Dermatol 1986, 89:253-263
31. de Mare S, van Erp PEJ, Ramaekers FCS, van de Kerkhof PCM: Flow cytometric quantification of human epidermal cells expressing keratin 16 in vivo after standardized trauma. Arch Dermatol Res 1990, 282: 126-130
32. Kallioinen M, Koivukangas V, Järvinen M, Oikarinen A: Expression of cytokeratins in regenerating human epidermis. Br J Dermatol 1995, 33:830-835
33. Broekaert D, Leigh IM, Lane EB, Van Muijen GNP, Ramaekers FCS, De Bersaques J, Coucke P: An immunohistochemical and histological study of cytokeratin, involucrin and transglutaminase in seborrhoeic keratosis. Arch Dermatol Res 1993, 285:482-490
34. Proby CM, Churchill L, Purkis PE, Glover MT, Sexton CJ, Leigh IM: Keratin expression as a marker for the epithelial transformation in viral warts. Am J Pathol 1993, 143:1667-1678
35. Myers SR, Navsaria HA, Brain AN, Purkis PE, Leigh IM: Epidermal differentiation and dermal changes in healing following treatment of surgical wounds with sheets of cultured allogenic keratinocytes. J Clin Pathol 1995, 48:1087-1092
36. Teepe RG, Burger A, Ponec M: Immunohistochemical studies on regeneration in cultured epidermal autografts used to treat full-thickness burn wounds. Clin Exp Dermatol 1994, 19:16-22
37. Stoler A, Kopan R, Duvic M, Fuchs E: Use of monospecific antisera and cRNA probes to localize the major changes in keratin expression during normal and abnormal epidermal differentiation. J Cell Biol 1988, 107:427-446
38. Thewes M, Stadler R, Korge B, Mischke D: Normal psoriatic epidermis expression of hyperproliferative-associated keratins. Arch Dermatol Res 1991, 283:465-471
39. Ichikawa E, Watanabe S, Otsuka F: Immunohistochemical localization of keratins and involucrin in solar keratosis and bowen's disease. Am J Dermatopathol 1995, 17:151-157
40. Magnaldo T, Bernerd F, Freedberg IM, Ohtsuki M, Blumenberg M: Transcriptional regulators of expression of K16, the disease-associated keratin. DNA Cell Biol 1993, 12:911-923
41. Markey AC, Lane EB, Macdonald DM, Leigh IM: Keratin expression in basal cell carcinomas. Br J Dermatol 1992, 126:154-160
42. Perkins W, Campbell I, Leigh IM, MacKie RM: Keratin expression in normal skin and epidermal neoplasms demonstrated by a panel of monoclonal antibodies. J Cutan Pathol 1992, 19:476-482
43. Olerud JE, Grown AM, Bickenbach J, Dale B, Odland GF: An assessment of human epidermal repair in elderly normal subjects using immunohistochemical methods. J Invest Dermatol 1988, 90:845-850
44. Gerritsen MJ, van Erp PE, van Vlijmen Willems IM, Lenders LT, van de Kerkhof PC: Repeated tape stripping of normal skin: a histological assessment and comparison with events seen in psoriasis. Arch Dermatol Res 1994, 286:455-461
45. Jiang CK, Magnaldo T, Ohtsuki M, Freedberg IM, Bernerd F, Blumenberg M: Epidermal growth factor and transforming growth factor α specifically induce the activation-and hyperproliferation-associated keratins 6 and 16. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1993, 90:6786-6790
46. Castagnoli C, Stella M, Magliacani G, Alasia ST, Richiardi P: Anomalous expression of HLA class II molecules on keratinocytes and fibroblasts in hypertrophic scars consequent to thermal injury. Clin Exp Immunol 1990, 82:350-354
47. Sawada Y, Takahashi M, Nomura K: Expression of interleukin 1 in burn scars. J Dermatol 1990, 17:533-537
48. Ghahary A, Shen YJ, Scott PG, Tredget EE: Immunolocalization of TGFβ1 in human hypertrophic scar and normal dermal tissues. Cytokine 1995, 7:184-190
49. Jiang C-K, Tomic-Canic M, Lucas DJ, Simon M, Blumenberg M: TGFβ promotes the basal phenotype of epidermal keratinocytes: transcriptional induction of K5 and K14 keratin genes. Growth Factors 1995, 12:87-97
50. Coffey RJ, Derynck R, Wilcox JN, Bringman TS, Goustin AS, Moses HL, Pittelkow MR: Production and auto-induction of transforming growth factor-α in human keratinocytes. Nature 1987, 328:817-328
51. Bonnekoh B, Huerkamp C, Wevers A, Geisel J, Sebök B, Bange F-C, Greenhalgh DA, Böttger EC, Krieg T: Up-regulation of keratin 17 expression in human HaCaT keratinocytes by interferon-γ. J Invest Dermatol 1995, 104:58-61
52. Komine M, Freedberg IM, Blumenberg M: Regulation of expression of keratin K17 in inflammatory skin diseases. J Invest Dermatol 1996, 107:568-575
53. Milisavljevic V, Freedberg IM, Blumenberg M: Characterization of nuclear protein binding sites in the promoter of keratin K17 gene. DNA Cell Biol 1996, 15:65-74
54. Carroll JM, Crompton T, Seery JP, Watt FM: Transgenic mice expressing INF-γ in the epidermis have eczema, hair hypopigmentation, and hair loss. J Invest Dermatol 1997, 108:412-421
55. Auböck J, Romani N, Grubauer G, Fritsch P: HLA-DR expression on keratinocytes is a common feature of diseased skin. Br J Dermatol 1986, 114:465-472
56. McKay IA, Leigh IM: Epidermal cytokines and their roles in cutaneous wound healing. Br J Dermatol 1991, 124:513-518
57. Nozaki S, Feliciani C, Sauder DN: Keratinocyte cytokines. Advances in Dermatology. Edited by MV Dahl. Chicago, Mosby, 1991, pp 83-101
58. Smoller BR, Kreuger J, McNutt NS, Hsu A: "Activated" keratinocyte phenotype is unifying feature in conditions which predispose to squamous carcinoma of the skin. Mod Pathol 1990, 3:171-175
59. Weiss RA, Guillet GYA, Freedberg IM, Farmer ER, Small EA, Weiss MM, Sun T-T: The use of monoclonal antibody to keratin in human epidermal disease: alterations in immunohistochemical staining pattern. J Invest Dermatol 1983, 81:224-230
60. Paladini RD, Takahashi K, Bravo NS, Coulombe PA: Onset of reepithelialization after skin injury correlates with a reorganization of keratin filaments in wound edge keratinocytes: defining a potential role for keratin 16. J Cell Biol 1996, 132:381-397