메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 22, Issue 4, 1998, Pages 465-472

Postural control systems in developmental perspective

(1)  Massion, Jean a  

a CNRS   (France)

Author keywords

Coordination; Equilibrium; Internal representation; Ontogenesis; Posture

Indexed keywords

BODY MOVEMENT; BODY POSTURE; GRAVITY; HUMAN; MOTOR CONTROL; MOTOR COORDINATION; ONTOGENY; ORIENTATION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; STANDING;

EID: 0031947543     PISSN: 01497634     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0149-7634(97)00031-6     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (225)

References (77)
  • 1
    • 0001794301 scopus 로고
    • The influence of foot soles coding on standing postural control
    • ed. T. Brandt, W. Paulus, W. Bles, S. Dieterich, S. Krafczyk and A. Strauben. George Thieme, Stuttgart
    • Asai, H., Fujiwara, K., Toyama, H., Yamashina, T., Nara, I. and Tachino, K., The influence of foot soles coding on standing postural control. In Disorders of Posture and Gait, ed. T. Brandt, W. Paulus, W. Bles, S. Dieterich, S. Krafczyk and A. Strauben. George Thieme, Stuttgart, 1990, pp. 198-201.
    • (1990) In Disorders of Posture and Gait , pp. 198-201
    • Asai, H.1    Fujiwara, K.2    Toyama, H.3    Yamashina, T.4    Nara, I.5    Tachino, K.6
  • 2
    • 0027314519 scopus 로고
    • Ontogenesis of head stabilization in space during locomotion in children: Influence of visual cues
    • Assaiante C., Amblard B. Ontogenesis of head stabilization in space during locomotion in children: influence of visual cues. Experimental Brain Research. 93:1993;499-515.
    • (1993) Experimental Brain Research , vol.93 , pp. 499-515
    • Assaiante, C.1    Amblard, B.2
  • 3
    • 0002167766 scopus 로고
    • An ontogenetic model for the sensorimotor organization of balance control in humans
    • Assaiante C., Amblard B. An ontogenetic model for the sensorimotor organization of balance control in humans. Human Movement Science. 14:1995;13-43.
    • (1995) Human Movement Science , vol.14 , pp. 13-43
    • Assaiante, C.1    Amblard, B.2
  • 4
    • 0000278911 scopus 로고
    • De l'asynergie cérébelleuse
    • Babinski J. De l'asynergie cérébelleuse. Revue Neurologique. 7:1899;806-816.
    • (1899) Revue Neurologique , vol.7 , pp. 806-816
    • Babinski, J.1
  • 5
    • 0003926181 scopus 로고
    • Bernstein Reassessed. H.T.A. Whiting, Amsterdam
    • Bernstein, N., Human Motor Actions. Bernstein Reassessed. H.T.A. Whiting, Amsterdam, 1984.
    • (1984) Human Motor Actions
    • Bernstein, N.1
  • 7
    • 0001803562 scopus 로고
    • Reference frames for the perception and control of movement
    • ed. J. Paillard. Oxford University Press, Oxford
    • Berthoz, A., Reference frames for the perception and control of movement. In Brain and Space, ed. J. Paillard. Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1991, pp. 81-111.
    • (1991) In Brain and Space , pp. 81-111
    • Berthoz, A.1
  • 8
    • 0001470785 scopus 로고
    • Does the nervous system use equilibrium-point control to guide single and multiple joint movements?
    • Bizzi E., Hogan N., Mussa-Ivaldi F. A., Giszter S. Does the nervous system use equilibrium-point control to guide single and multiple joint movements? Behavior and Brain Science. 15:1992;603-613.
    • (1992) Behavior and Brain Science , vol.15 , pp. 603-613
    • Bizzi, E.1    Hogan, N.2    Mussa-Ivaldi, F.A.3    Giszter, S.4
  • 9
    • 0011051430 scopus 로고
    • Posturo-kinetic capacity assessed in paraplegics and parkinsonians
    • ed. M. Woollacott and F. Horak. University of Oregon Books
    • Bouisset, S., Do, M.C. and Zattara, M., Posturo-kinetic capacity assessed in paraplegics and parkinsonians. In Posture and Gait: Control Mechanisms, Vol. II, ed. M. Woollacott and F. Horak. University of Oregon Books, 1992, pp. 19-22.
    • (1992) In Posture and Gait: Control Mechanisms , vol.2 , pp. 19-22
    • Bouisset, S.1    Do, M.C.2    Zattara, M.3
  • 10
    • 0031900970 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Head coordination as a means to assist sensory integration in learning to walk
    • Bril B., Ledebt A. Head coordination as a means to assist sensory integration in learning to walk. Biobehavioral Reviews. 22:1998;555-563.
    • (1998) Biobehavioral Reviews , vol.22 , pp. 555-563
    • Bril, B.1    Ledebt, A.2
  • 11
    • 0020995807 scopus 로고
    • Supplementary motor area and premotor area of monkey cerebral cortex: functional organization and activities of single neurons during performance of a learned movement
    • ed. J. E. Desmedt. Raven Press, New York
    • Brinkman, C. and Porter, R., Supplementary motor area and premotor area of monkey cerebral cortex: functional organization and activities of single neurons during performance of a learned movement. In Motor Control Mechanisms in Health and Disease, ed. J. E. Desmedt. Raven Press, New York, 1983, pp. 393-420.
    • (1983) In Motor Control Mechanisms in Health and Disease , pp. 393-420
    • Brinkman, C.1    Porter, R.2
  • 14
    • 0015511845 scopus 로고
    • Moving visual scenes influence the apparent direction of gravity
    • Dichgans J., Held R., Young L., Brandt T. Moving visual scenes influence the apparent direction of gravity. Science. 178:1972;1217-1219.
    • (1972) Science , vol.178 , pp. 1217-1219
    • Dichgans, J.1    Held, R.2    Young, L.3    Brandt, T.4
  • 15
    • 0026571433 scopus 로고
    • Human neuronal control of automatic functional movements: Interaction between central programs and afferent input
    • Dietz V. Human neuronal control of automatic functional movements: interaction between central programs and afferent input. Physiological Reviews. 72:1992;33-69.
    • (1992) Physiological Reviews , vol.72 , pp. 33-69
    • Dietz, V.1
  • 16
    • 0007875628 scopus 로고
    • Neuronal basis of stance regulation. Interlimb coordination and antigravity receptor function
    • ed. S.P. Swinnen, H. Heuer, J. Massion and P. Casaer. Academic Press, New York
    • Dietz, V., Neuronal basis of stance regulation. Interlimb coordination and antigravity receptor function. In Interlimb Coordination: Neural Dynamical and Cognitive Constraints, ed. S.P. Swinnen, H. Heuer, J. Massion and P. Casaer. Academic Press, New York, 1994, pp. 167-178.
    • (1994) In Interlimb Coordination: Neural Dynamical and Cognitive Constraints , pp. 167-178
    • Dietz, V.1
  • 19
    • 0028351211 scopus 로고
    • Temporal stability of the action-perception cycle for postural control in a moving visual environment
    • Dijkstra T. M. H., Schoner G., Gielen C. C. A. M. Temporal stability of the action-perception cycle for postural control in a moving visual environment. Experimental Brain Research. 97:1994;477-486.
    • (1994) Experimental Brain Research , vol.97 , pp. 477-486
    • Dijkstra, T.M.H.1    Schoner, G.2    Gielen, C.C.A.M.3
  • 20
    • 0028672056 scopus 로고
    • Frequency dependence of the action-perception cycle for postural control in a moving visual environment: Relative phase dynamics
    • Dijkstra T. M. H., Schoner G., Giese M. A., Gielen C. C. A. M. Frequency dependence of the action-perception cycle for postural control in a moving visual environment: relative phase dynamics. Biological Cybernetics. 71:1994;489-501.
    • (1994) Biological Cybernetics , vol.71 , pp. 489-501
    • Dijkstra, T.M.H.1    Schoner, G.2    Giese, M.A.3    Gielen, C.C.A.M.4
  • 21
    • 0018826923 scopus 로고
    • Inhibition of flexor burst generation by loading ankle extensor muscles walking cats
    • Duysens J., Pearson K. G. Inhibition of flexor burst generation by loading ankle extensor muscles walking cats. Brain Research. 187:1980;321-332.
    • (1980) Brain Research , vol.187 , pp. 321-332
    • Duysens, J.1    Pearson, K.G.2
  • 22
    • 0345571194 scopus 로고
    • Position sense and state of contraction: The effect of vibration
    • Eklund G. Position sense and state of contraction: the effect of vibration. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry. 41:1972;433-444.
    • (1972) Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry , vol.41 , pp. 433-444
    • Eklund, G.1
  • 24
    • 0022616533 scopus 로고
    • Once more on the equilibrium-point hypothesis (model) for motor control
    • Feldman A. G. Once more on the equilibrium-point hypothesis (model) for motor control. Journal of Motor Behaviour. 18:1986;17-54.
    • (1986) Journal of Motor Behaviour , vol.18 , pp. 17-54
    • Feldman, A.G.1
  • 25
    • 0028048280 scopus 로고
    • Task-dependent reflex responses and movement illusions evoked by galvanic vestibular stimulation in standing humans
    • Fitzpatrick R., Burke D., Gandevia S. Task-dependent reflex responses and movement illusions evoked by galvanic vestibular stimulation in standing humans. Journal of Physiology (London). 478:1994;363-372.
    • (1994) Journal of Physiology (London) , vol.478 , pp. 363-372
    • Fitzpatrick, R.1    Burke, D.2    Gandevia, S.3
  • 26
    • 0029048446 scopus 로고
    • Development of human precision grip. IV. Tactile adaptation of isometric finger forces to the frictional condition
    • Forssberg H., Eliasson A. C., Kinoshita H., Westling G., Johansson R. S. Development of human precision grip. IV. Tactile adaptation of isometric finger forces to the frictional condition. Experimental Brain Research. 104:1995;323-330.
    • (1995) Experimental Brain Research , vol.104 , pp. 323-330
    • Forssberg, H.1    Eliasson, A.C.2    Kinoshita, H.3    Westling, G.4    Johansson, R.S.5
  • 27
    • 0028900734 scopus 로고
    • Determinants of postural orientation in quadrupedal stance
    • Fung J., Macpherson J. M. Determinants of postural orientation in quadrupedal stance. Journal of Neuroscience. 15:1995;1121-1131.
    • (1995) Journal of Neuroscience , vol.15 , pp. 1121-1131
    • Fung, J.1    Macpherson, J.M.2
  • 29
    • 0015752732 scopus 로고
    • Physical foundations of stabilography
    • Gurfinkel E. V. Physical foundations of stabilography. Agressologie. 14(Suppl C):1973;9-13.
    • (1973) Agressologie , vol.14 , Issue.SUPPL. C , pp. 9-13
    • Gurfinkel, E.V.1
  • 32
    • 0027371855 scopus 로고
    • The suppression of the cervico-ocular response by the haptokinetic information about the contact with a rigid, immobile object
    • Gurfinkel V. S., Levik Yu. S. The suppression of the cervico-ocular response by the haptokinetic information about the contact with a rigid, immobile object. Experimental Brain Research. 95:1993;359-364.
    • (1993) Experimental Brain Research , vol.95 , pp. 359-364
    • Gurfinkel, V.S.1    Levik Yu., S.2
  • 33
    • 0002817029 scopus 로고
    • Body scheme in the control of postural activity
    • ed. V. S. Gurfinkel, M. E. Ioffé, J. Massion and J.-P. Roll. Plenum Press, New York
    • Gurfinkel, V. S., Levik, Yu. S., Popov, K. E. and Smetanin, B. N., Body scheme in the control of postural activity. In Stance and Motion: Facts and Concepts, ed. V. S. Gurfinkel, M. E. Ioffé, J. Massion and J.-P. Roll. Plenum Press, New York, 1988, pp. 185-193.
    • (1988) In Stance and Motion: Facts and Concepts , pp. 185-193
    • Gurfinkel, V.S.1    Levik, Yu.s.2    Popov, K.E.3    Smetanin, B.N.4
  • 34
    • 0029880957 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ontogeny of postural adjustments during sitting in infancy: Variation, selection and modulation
    • Hadders-Algra M., Brogren E., Forssberg H. Ontogeny of postural adjustments during sitting in infancy: variation, selection and modulation. Journal of Physiology. 493:1996;273-288.
    • (1996) Journal of Physiology , vol.493 , pp. 273-288
    • Hadders-Algra, M.1    Brogren, E.2    Forssberg, H.3
  • 35
    • 0029937937 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Training affects the development of postural adjustments in sitting infants
    • Hadders-Algra M., Brogren E., Forssberg H. Training affects the development of postural adjustments in sitting infants. Journal of Physiology. 493:1996;289-298.
    • (1996) Journal of Physiology , vol.493 , pp. 289-298
    • Hadders-Algra, M.1    Brogren, E.2    Forssberg, H.3
  • 37
    • 0028913228 scopus 로고
    • Modification of human postural response to leg muscle vibration by electrical vestibular stimulation
    • Hlavacka F., Kriskova M., Horak F. B. Modification of human postural response to leg muscle vibration by electrical vestibular stimulation. Neuroscience Letters. 189:1995;9-12.
    • (1995) Neuroscience Letters , vol.189 , pp. 9-12
    • Hlavacka, F.1    Kriskova, M.2    Horak, F.B.3
  • 38
    • 0020073130 scopus 로고
    • Anticipatory postural changes induced by active unloading and comparison with passive unloading in man
    • Hugon M., Massion J., Wiesendanger M. Anticipatory postural changes induced by active unloading and comparison with passive unloading in man. Pflügers Archiv. 393:1982;292-296.
    • (1982) Pflügers Archiv , vol.393 , pp. 292-296
    • Hugon, M.1    Massion, J.2    Wiesendanger, M.3
  • 40
    • 0028962454 scopus 로고
    • The role of hepatic cues from rough and slippery surfaces in human postural control
    • Jeka J. J., Lackner J. R. The role of hepatic cues from rough and slippery surfaces in human postural control. Experimental Brain Research. 103:1995;267-276.
    • (1995) Experimental Brain Research , vol.103 , pp. 267-276
    • Jeka, J.J.1    Lackner, J.R.2
  • 41
    • 0028054317 scopus 로고
    • Subjective body orientation in neglect and the interactive contribution of neck muscle proprioception and vestibular stimulation
    • Karnath H.-O. Subjective body orientation in neglect and the interactive contribution of neck muscle proprioception and vestibular stimulation. Brain. 117:1994;1001-1012.
    • (1994) Brain , vol.117 , pp. 1001-1012
    • Karnath, H.-O.1
  • 42
    • 0027939768 scopus 로고
    • The interactive contribution of neck muscle proprioception and vestibular stimulation to subjective 'straight ahead' orientation in man
    • Karnath H.-O., Sievering D., Fetter L. The interactive contribution of neck muscle proprioception and vestibular stimulation to subjective 'straight ahead' orientation in man. Experimental Brain Research. 101:1994;140-146.
    • (1994) Experimental Brain Research , vol.101 , pp. 140-146
    • Karnath, H.-O.1    Sievering, D.2    Fetter, L.3
  • 44
    • 0027023772 scopus 로고
    • Automatic control of limb movement and posture
    • Lacquaniti F. Automatic control of limb movement and posture. Current Opinion in Neurobiology. 2:1992;807-814.
    • (1992) Current Opinion in Neurobiology , vol.2 , pp. 807-814
    • Lacquaniti, F.1
  • 45
    • 0027972155 scopus 로고
    • Independent control of limb position and contact forces in cat posture
    • Lacquaniti F., Maioli C. Independent control of limb position and contact forces in cat posture. Journal of Neurophysiology. 72:1994;1476-1495.
    • (1994) Journal of Neurophysiology , vol.72 , pp. 1476-1495
    • Lacquaniti, F.1    Maioli, C.2
  • 46
  • 47
    • 0020549306 scopus 로고
    • Effects of different head positions on postural sway in man induced by a reproducible vestibular error signal
    • Lund S., Broberg C. Effects of different head positions on postural sway in man induced by a reproducible vestibular error signal. Acta Physiologica Scandinavica. 117:1983;307-309.
    • (1983) Acta Physiologica Scandinavica , vol.117 , pp. 307-309
    • Lund, S.1    Broberg, C.2
  • 48
    • 0028209339 scopus 로고
    • Changes in a postural strategy with inter-paw distance
    • Macpherson J. M. Changes in a postural strategy with inter-paw distance. Journal of Neurophysiology. 71:1994;931-940.
    • (1994) Journal of Neurophysiology , vol.71 , pp. 931-940
    • Macpherson, J.M.1
  • 49
    • 0344709119 scopus 로고
    • Der Körperstellung. Springer, Berlin
    • Magnus, R., Der Körperstellung. Springer, Berlin, 1924.
    • (1924)
    • Magnus, R.1
  • 50
    • 0000273542 scopus 로고
    • Die Abhängigkeit des Tonus der Extremitätenmuskeln von der Kopfstellung
    • Magnus R., de Kleijn A. Die Abhängigkeit des Tonus der Extremitätenmuskeln von der Kopfstellung. Pflügers Archiv. 145:1912;455-548.
    • (1912) Pflügers Archiv , vol.145 , pp. 455-548
    • Magnus, R.1    De Kleijn, A.2
  • 51
    • 0001396889 scopus 로고
    • The importance of somatosensory information from the feet of postural control in man
    • ed. T. Brandt, W. Paulus, W. Bles, M. Dieterich, S. Krafczyk and A. Strauben. George Thieme, Stuttgart
    • Magnusson, M., Enbom, H., Johansson, R. and Pyykko, I., The importance of somatosensory information from the feet of postural control in man. In Disorders of Posture and Gait, ed. T. Brandt, W. Paulus, W. Bles, M. Dieterich, S. Krafczyk and A. Strauben. George Thieme, Stuttgart, 1990, pp. 190-193.
    • (1990) In Disorders of Posture and Gait , pp. 190-193
    • Magnusson, M.1    Enbom, H.2    Johansson, R.3    Pyykko, I.4
  • 53
    • 0028999026 scopus 로고
    • Body orientation and regulation of the center of gravity during movement under water
    • Massion J., Fabre J.-C., Mouchnino L., Obadia A. Body orientation and regulation of the center of gravity during movement under water. Journal of Vestibular Research. 5:1995;211-221.
    • (1995) Journal of Vestibular Research , vol.5 , pp. 211-221
    • Massion, J.1    Fabre, J.-C.2    Mouchnino, L.3    Obadia, A.4
  • 54
    • 0010400856 scopus 로고
    • Do equilibrium constraints determine the center of mass position during movement?
    • ed. T. Mergner and H. Hlavacka. Plenum Press, New York
    • Massion, J., Mouchnino, L. and Vernazza, S., Do equilibrium constraints determine the center of mass position during movement? In Multisensory Control of Posture, ed. T. Mergner and H. Hlavacka. Plenum Press, New York, 1995, pp. 103-107.
    • (1995) In Multisensory Control of Posture , pp. 103-107
    • Massion, J.1    Mouchnino, L.2    Vernazza, S.3
  • 56
    • 0020550942 scopus 로고
    • A new solution to the problem of the subjective vertical
    • Mittelstaedt H. A new solution to the problem of the subjective vertical. Naturwissenschaften. 70:1983;272-281.
    • (1983) Naturwissenschaften , vol.70 , pp. 272-281
    • Mittelstaedt, H.1
  • 58
    • 0002850770 scopus 로고
    • The formation of the visual and the postural vertical
    • ed. T. Mergner and F. Halvacka. Plenum Press, New York/London
    • Mittelstaedt, H., The formation of the visual and the postural vertical. In Multisensory Control of Posture, ed. T. Mergner and F. Halvacka. Plenum Press, New York/London, 1995, pp. 147-155.
    • (1995) In Multisensory Control of Posture , pp. 147-155
    • Mittelstaedt, H.1
  • 59
    • 0013471645 scopus 로고
    • L'évolution des conduites de préhension comme illustration d'un modèle du développement
    • ed. S. de Schonen. Presses Universitaires de France, Paris
    • Mounoud, P., L'évolution des conduites de préhension comme illustration d'un modèle du développement. In Le Développement dans la Première Année, ed. S. de Schonen. Presses Universitaires de France, Paris, 1983, pp. 75-106.
    • (1983) In Le Développement Dans la Première Année , pp. 75-106
    • Mounoud, P.1
  • 60
    • 84971150772 scopus 로고
    • The organization of human postural movements: A formal basis and experimental synthesis
    • Nashner L. M., McCollum G. The organization of human postural movements: a formal basis and experimental synthesis. Behaviour and Brain Science. 8:1985;135-172.
    • (1985) Behaviour and Brain Science , vol.8 , pp. 135-172
    • Nashner, L.M.1    McCollum, G.2
  • 61
    • 0000141267 scopus 로고
    • Motor and representational framing of space
    • ed. J. Paillard. Oxford University Press, Oxford
    • Paillard, J., Motor and representational framing of space. In Brain and Space, ed. J. Paillard. Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1991, pp. 163-182.
    • (1991) In Brain and Space , pp. 163-182
    • Paillard, J.1
  • 62
    • 0025003426 scopus 로고
    • Head stabilization during various locomotory tasks in humans. I. Normal subjects
    • Pozzo T., Berthoz A., Lefort L. Head stabilization during various locomotory tasks in humans. I. Normal subjects. Experimental Brain Research. 82:1990;97-106.
    • (1990) Experimental Brain Research , vol.82 , pp. 97-106
    • Pozzo, T.1    Berthoz, A.2    Lefort, L.3
  • 63
    • 0002331695 scopus 로고
    • Proprioceptive induced interactions between segmental and whole body posture
    • ed. T. Brandt, W. Paulus, W. Bles, M. Dieterich, S. Krafczyk and A. Straube. Georg Thieme, Stuttgart
    • Quoniam, C., Roll, J.-P., Déat, A. and Massion, J., Proprioceptive induced interactions between segmental and whole body posture. In Disorders of Posture and Gait, ed. T. Brandt, W. Paulus, W. Bles, M. Dieterich, S. Krafczyk and A. Straube. Georg Thieme, Stuttgart, 1990, pp. 194-197.
    • (1990) In Disorders of Posture and Gait , pp. 194-197
    • Quoniam, C.1    Roll, J.-P.2    Déat, A.3    Massion, J.4
  • 67
    • 0003030764 scopus 로고
    • Extraocular proprioception and body postural references
    • ed. V. S. Gurfinkel, M. E. Ioffé, J. Massion and J.-P. Roll. Plenum Press, New York
    • Roll, J.-P. and Roll, R., Extraocular proprioception and body postural references. In Stance and Motion: Facts and Concepts, ed. V. S. Gurfinkel, M. E. Ioffé, J. Massion and J.-P. Roll. Plenum Press, New York, 1988, pp. 23-36.
    • (1988) In Stance and Motion: Facts and Concepts , pp. 23-36
    • Roll, J.-P.1    Roll, R.2
  • 68
    • 0001892222 scopus 로고
    • Simulation experiments can shed light on the functional aspects of postural adjustments related to voluntary movements
    • ed. J. M. Winters and L.-Y. Woo. Springer, New York
    • Ramos, C. F. and Stark, L. W., Simulation experiments can shed light on the functional aspects of postural adjustments related to voluntary movements. In Multiple Muscle Systems: Biomechanics and Movement Organization, ed. J. M. Winters and L.-Y. Woo. Springer, New York, 1990, pp. 507-517.
    • (1990) In Multiple Muscle Systems: Biomechanics and Movement Organization , pp. 507-517
    • Ramos, C.F.1    Stark, L.W.2
  • 70
    • 0000788557 scopus 로고
    • Deducing central algorithms of arm movement control from kinematics
    • ed. D. R. Humphrey and H.-J. Freund. John Wiley and Sons, Chichester, UK
    • Soechting, J. F. and Flanders, M., Deducing central algorithms of arm movement control from kinematics. In Motor Control: Concepts and Issues, ed. D. R. Humphrey and H.-J. Freund. John Wiley and Sons, Chichester, UK, 1991, pp. 293-306.
    • (1991) In Motor Control: Concepts and Issues , pp. 293-306
    • Soechting, J.F.1    Flanders, M.2
  • 71
    • 0031899665 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Postural control during reaching in young infants: A dynamic systems approach
    • Thelen E., Spencer J. P. Postural control during reaching in young infants: a dynamic systems approach. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews. 22:1998;507-514.
    • (1998) Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews , vol.22 , pp. 507-514
    • Thelen, E.1    Spencer, J.P.2
  • 72
    • 84873753819 scopus 로고
    • Electromyographic studies on tonic neck, lumbar and labyrinthine reflexes in normal persons
    • Tokizane T., Murao M., Ogata T., Kondo T. Electromyographic studies on tonic neck, lumbar and labyrinthine reflexes in normal persons. Japanese Journal of Physiology. 2:1951;130-146.
    • (1951) Japanese Journal of Physiology , vol.2 , pp. 130-146
    • Tokizane, T.1    Murao, M.2    Ogata, T.3    Kondo, T.4
  • 73
  • 74
    • 0029927996 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is the center of gravity controlled during upper trunk movement?
    • Vernazza S., Alexandrov A., Massion J. Is the center of gravity controlled during upper trunk movement? Neuroscience Letters. 206:1996;77-80.
    • (1996) Neuroscience Letters , vol.206 , pp. 77-80
    • Vernazza, S.1    Alexandrov, A.2    Massion, J.3
  • 77
    • 0344709113 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development of balance and gait control
    • ed. M. Bronstein, T. Brandt and M. H. Woollacott. Arnold, London
    • Woollacott, M. H., Assaiante, C. and Amblard, B., Development of balance and gait control. In Clinical Disorders of Balance, Posture and Gait, ed. M. Bronstein, T. Brandt and M. H. Woollacott. Arnold, London, 1996, pp. 41-63.
    • (1996) In Clinical Disorders of Balance, Posture and Gait , pp. 41-63
    • Woollacott, M.H.1    Assaiante, C.2    Amblard, B.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.