Management of bald eagle communal roosts in fire-adapted mixed-conifer forests

Journal of Wildlife Management

Volumn 62, Issue 1, 1998, Pages 322-333

  Dellasala, Dominick A ^a,d   Anthony, Robert G ^a   Spies, Thomas A ^b   Engel, Kathleen A ^c  

^a OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b PACIFIC NORTHWEST RESEARCH STATION   (United States)

^c Foster Wheeler Environ Corporation   (United States)

^d WORLD WILDLIFE FUND   (United States)

Author keywords

Bald eagles; Communal roosting; Haliaeetus leucocephalus; Mixed conifer forest; Prescribed fire; Thinning

Indexed keywords

BALD EAGLE; COMMUNAL ROOSTING; CONIFEROUS FOREST; FIRE SUPPRESSION; ROOSTING; WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT;

BEAR VALLEY NATIONAL WILDLIFE REFUGE; ORGEON; USA;

HALIAEETUS LEUCOCEPHALUS; PINUS PONDEROSA; PSEUDOTSUGA MENZIESII;

EID: 0031944614     PISSN: 0022541X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2307/3802295     Document Type: Article

References (33)

1. AGEE, J. K. 1990. The historical role of fire in Pacific Northwest forests. Pages 25-38 in J. D. Walstad, S. R. Radosevich, and D. V. Sandberg, editors. Natural and prescribed fire in Pacific Northwest forests. Oregon State University Press, Corvallis, Oregon, USA.
2. _. 1993. Fire ecology of Pacific Northwest forests. Island Press, Washington, D.C., USA.
3. ANDERSON, H. E. 1982. Aids to determining fuel models for estimating fire behavior. U.S. Forest Service General Technical Report INT-122.
4. ANTHONY, R. G., R. L. KNIGHT, G. T. ALLEN, B. R. MCCLELAND, AND J. I. HODGES. 1982. Habitat use by nesting and roosting bald eagles in the Pacific Northwest. Transactions of the North American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference 47:332-342.
5. BRADSHAW, G. A., AND T. A. SPIES. 1992. Characterizing canopy gap structure in forests using wavelet analysis. Journal of Ecology 80:205-215.
6. BUEHLER, D. A., T. J. MERSMANN, J. D. FRASER, AND J. K. D. SEEGAR. 1991. Nonbreeding bald eagle communal and solitary roosting behavior and roost habitat on the northern Chesapeake Bay. Journal of Wildlife Management 55:273-281.
7. CHANDLER, S. R., J. D. FRASER, D. A. BUEHLER, AND J. K. D. SEEGAR. 1995. Perch trees and shoreline development as predictors of bald eagle distribution on Chesapeake Bay. Journal of Wildlife Management 59:325-332.
8. CHESTER, D. N., D. F. STAUFFER, T. J. SMITH, D. R. LUUKKONEN, AND J. D. FRASER. 1990. Habitat use of nonbreeding bald eagles in North Carolina. Journal of Wildlife Management 54:223-234.
9. COHEN, W. B., T. A. SPIES, AND G. A. BRADSHAY. 1990. Semivariograms of digital imagery for analysis of conifer canopy structure. Remote Sensing Environment 34:167-176.
10. DELLASALA, D. A., D. M. OLSON, S. E. BARTH, S. L. CRANE, AND S. A. PRIMM. 1995. Forest health: moving beyond rhetoric to restore healthy landscapes in the inland Northwest. Wildlife Society Bulletin 23:346-356.
11. _, J. R. STRITTHOLT, R. F. Noss, AND D. M. OLSON. 1996. A critical role for core reserves in managing inland Northwest landscapes for natural resources and biodiversity. Wildlife Society Bulletin 24:209-221.
12. FRANKLIN, J. F., AND C. T. DYRNESS. 1973. Natural vegetation of Oregon and Washington. U.S. Forest Service General Technical Report PNW-8.
13. HERMANN, R. K., AND D. P. LAVENDER. 1990. pseudotsuga menziesii. Douglas-fir. Pages 527-540 in R. M. Burns and B. H. Honkala, editors. Silvics of North America. Volume 1, conifers. U.S. Forest Service Agricultural Handbook 654.
14. HOPKINS, W. E. 1979. Plant associations of South Chiloquin and Klamath Ranger Districts Winema National Forest. U.S. Forest Service Technical Report R6-Ecol-79-005.
15. HOSMER, D. W, JR., AND S. LEMESHOW. 1989. Applied logistic regression. John Wiley & Sons New York, New York, USA.
16. ISAACS, F. B., AND R. G. ANTHONY. 1987. Abundance, foraging, and roosting of bald eagles in the Harney Basin, Oregon. Northwest Science 61: 114-121.
17. KEISTER, G. P., JR. 1981. Characteristics of winter roosts and populations of bald eagles in the Klamath Basin. Thesis, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA.
18. _, AND R. G. ANTHONY. 1983. Characteristics of bald eagle communal roosts in the Klamath Basin, Oregon and California. Journal of Wildlife Management 47:1072-1079.
19. _, AND H. R. HOLBO. 1985. A model of energy consumption in bald eagles: an evaluation of night communal roosting. Wilson Bulletin 97: 148-160.
20. _, _, AND E. J. O'NEILL. 1987. Use of communal roosts and foraging areas by bald eagles wintering in the Klamath Basin. Journal of Wildlife Management 51:415-420.
21. LAACKE, R. J. 1990. Abies concolor. White fir. Pages 36-46 in R. M. Burns and B. H. Honkala, editors. Silvics of North America. Volume 1, conifers. U.S. Forest Service Agricultural Handbook 654.
22. MCNEIL, R. C., AND D. B. ZOBEL. 1980. Vegetation and fire history of a ponderosa pine-white fir forest in Crater Lake National Park. Northwest Science 59:313-318.
23. MINORE, D., AND D. KINGSLEY. 1983. Mixed conifers of southwestern Oregon. Pages 23-25 in R. M. Burns, editor. Silvicultural systems for the major forest types of the United States. U.S. Forest Service Agriculture Handbook 445.
24. OLIVER, W. W., AND R. A. RYKER. 1990. Pinus ponderosa. Ponderosa pine. Pages 413-424 in R. M. Burns and B. H. Honkala, editors. Silvics of North America. Volume 1, conifers. U.S. Forest Service Agricultural Handbook 654.
25. SAS INSTITUTE. 1990. SAS/STAT user's guide. Version 6. Fourth Edition. Volume 2. SAS Institute, Cary, North Carolina, USA.
26. SEIDEL, K. W., AND P. H. COCHRAN. 1981. Silviculture of mixed conifer forests in eastern Oregon and Washington. U.S. Forest Service General Technical Report PNW-121.
27. SHANNON, C. E., AND W. WEAVER. 1949. The mathematical theory of communication. University of Illinois Press, Urbana, Illinois, USA.
28. STALMASTER, M. V. 1987. The bald eagle. Universe Books, New York, New York, USA.
29. STOHLGREN, T. J. 1993. Bald eagle winter roost chaacteristics in Lava Beds National Monument, California. Northwest Science 67:44-54.
30. _, AND C. A. FARMER. 1994. Reevaluating delineated bald eagle winter roost habitat in Lava Beds National Monument, California. Journal of Raptor Research 28:205-212.
31. U.S. FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE. 1978. Acquisition of the Bear Valley National Wildlife Refuge, Klamath County, Oregon. Environmental Impact Statement, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Portland, Oregon, USA.
32. U.S. FOREST SERVICE. 1994. Western forest health initiative. U.S. Forest Service, State and Private Forestry Program, Washington, D.C., USA.
33. ZAR, J. H. 1984. Biostatistical analysis. Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, USA.