Effects of ecotourists on bird behaviour at Loxahatchee National Wildlife Refuge, Florida

Environmental Conservation

Volumn 25, Issue 1, 1998, Pages 13-21

  Burger, Joanna ^a   Gochfeld, Michael ^b  

^a RUTGERS UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b RUTGERS ROBERT WOOD JOHNSON MEDICAL SCHOOL   (United States)

Author keywords

Bird watchers; Birds; Ecotourists; Human disturbance; Management

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; BIRD; ECOSYSTEM; ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION; FEEDING BEHAVIOR; NONHUMAN; TOURISM; UNITED STATES;

AVES; EGRETTA CAERULEA; EGRETTA TRICOLOR; GALLINULA CHLOROPUS; IBIS; PLEGADIS FALCINELLUS; PORZANA CAROLINA;

EID: 0031944163     PISSN: 03768929     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1017/S0376892998000058     Document Type: Article

References (21)

1. Anderson, D.W. (1988) Dose-response relationship between human disturbance and Brown Pelican breeding success. Wildlife Society Bulletin 16: 339-45.
2. Budowski, G. (1976) Tourism and environmental conservation: conflict, coexistence, or symbiosis. Environmental Conservation 3: 27-31.
3. Burger, J. (1981a) Overall effects of human disturbance on colonial species, particularly gulls. Colonial Waterbirds 4: 28-36.
4. Burger, J. (1981b) The effects of human activity on birds at a coastal bay. Biological Conservation 21: 231-41.
5. Burger, J. (1986) The effects of human activity on shorebirds in two coastal bays in Northeastern United States. Environmental Conservation 13: 123-30.
6. Burger, J. (1989) Least Tern populations in coastal New Jersey: monitoring and management of a regionally-endangered species. Journal of Coastal Research 5: 801-11.
7. Burger, J. & Galli, J. (1986) Factors affecting distribution of gulls (Larus spp.) on two New Jersey coastal bays. Environmental Conservation 13: 59-65.
8. Burger, J. & Gochfeld, M. (1990) The Black Skimmer: Social Dynamics of a Colonial Species. New York, USA: Columbia University Press: 355 pp.
9. Burger, J. & Gochfeld, M. (1991) The Common Tern: Breeding Biology and Social Behavior. New York, USA: Columbia University Press: 413 pp.
10. Butler, J.R. & Fenton, G.D. (1987) Bird watchers of Point Pelee National Park, Canada: Their characteristics and activities, with special consideration to their social and resources impacts. Alberta Naturalist 37: 135-46.
11. Desgranges, J.L. & Reed, A. (1981) Disturbances and control of Double-crested Cormorants in Quebec. Colonial Waterbirds 4: 12-19.
12. Hunt, G.L., Jr (1972) Influences of food distribution and human disturbance on the reproductive success of Herring Gulls. Ecology 53: 1051-61.
13. Jim, C.Y. (1989) Visitor management in recreational areas. Environmental Conservation 16: 19-40.
14. Kenchington, R.A. (1989) Tourism in the Galapagos Islands. The dilemma of conservation. Environmental Conservation 16: 227-36.
15. Kury, C.R. & Gochfeld, M. (1975) Human interference and gull predation in cormorant colonies. Biological Conservation 8: 23-34.
16. Robert, H.C. & Ralph, C.J. (1975) Effects of human disturbance on the breeding success of gulls. Condor 77: 495-9.
17. Safina, C. & Burger, J. (1983) Effect of human disturbance on reproductive success in the Black Skimmer. Condor 85: 164-71.
18. Statistical Analysis System (1985) Users Guide: Statistics. Cary, NS, USA: Statistical Analysis System Institute.
19. Schreiber, R.W. (1979) Reproductive performance of the Eastern Brown Pelican Pelecanus occidentalis. Natural History Museum of Los Angeles. Contributions to Science 317: 1-43.
20. Tremblay, J. & Ellison, L.N. (1979) Effects of human disturbance on breeding of Black-crowned Night Herons. Auk 96: 364-9.
21. Veen, J. (1977) Functional and causal aspects of nest distribution in colonies of the Sandwich Tern (Sterna s. sandvicensis Lath). Behaviour Supplement 20: 1-123.