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Knable MB, Kleinman JE, Weinberger DR. Neurobiology of schizophrenia. Schatzberg AF, Nemeroff CB. American Psychiatric Press Textbook of Psychopharmacology. 1995;479-499 American Psychiatric Press, Washington, DC.
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Knable, M.B.1
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Basal ganglia and limbic system pathology in schizophrenia. A morphometric study of brain volume and shrinkage
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Bogerts B, Meertz E, Schonfeldt-Bausch R. Basal ganglia and limbic system pathology in schizophrenia. A morphometric study of brain volume and shrinkage. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 42:1985;784-791.
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Bogerts, B.1
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Anatomical neuropathology in schizophrenia: Post-mortem findings
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H.A. Nasrallah, Weinberger D.R. Amsterdam: Elsevier
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Kirch DG, Weinberger DR. Anatomical neuropathology in schizophrenia: post-mortem findings. Nasrallah HA, Weinberger DR. Handbook of Schizophrenia. The Neurology of Schizophrenia. 1:1986;325-348 Elsevier, Amsterdam.
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Kirch, D.G.1
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Can we find genes for schizophrenia
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Kidd KK. Can we find genes for schizophrenia. Am J Med Genet. 74:1997;104-111.
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Kidd, K.K.1
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8
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The anthropometric assessment of dysmorphic features in schizophrenia as an index of its developmental origins
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Lane A, Kinsella A, Murphy P, Byrne M, Keenan J, Colgan K, Cassidy B, Sheppard N, Horgan R, Waddington JL, et al. The anthropometric assessment of dysmorphic features in schizophrenia as an index of its developmental origins. Psychol Med. 27:1997;1155-1164.
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Lane, A.1
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Cassidy, B.7
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Prenatal growth markers in schizophrenia: A monozygotic co-twin control study
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Davis JO, Bracha HS. Prenatal growth markers in schizophrenia: a monozygotic co-twin control study. Am J Psychiatry. 153:1996;1166-1172.
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Davis, J.O.1
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0030862263
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Premorbid social functioning in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder: Similarities and differences
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of special interest. Patients with schizophrenia have poorer school and social adjustment in childhood and adolescence than normal controls, as well as poorer premorbid social adjustment than patients with bipolar disorder.
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Cannon M, Jones P, Gilvarry C, Rifkin L, McKenzie K, Foerster A, Murray RM. Premorbid social functioning in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder: similarities and differences. of special interest Am J Psychiatry. 154:1997;1544-1550 Patients with schizophrenia have poorer school and social adjustment in childhood and adolescence than normal controls, as well as poorer premorbid social adjustment than patients with bipolar disorder.
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Am J Psychiatry
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Cannon, M.1
Jones, P.2
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11
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0029927057
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Premorbid adjustment as predictor of outcome in schizophrenia: Results of a prospective study
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Bailer J, Brauer W, Rey ER. Premorbid adjustment as predictor of outcome in schizophrenia: results of a prospective study. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 93:1996;368-377.
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Bailer, J.1
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12
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0031013989
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Childhood-onset schizophrenia: Biological markers in relations to clinical characteristics
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Alaghband-Rad J, Hamburger SD, Giedd JN, Frazier JA, Rapoport JL. Childhood-onset schizophrenia: biological markers in relations to clinical characteristics. Am J Psychiatry. 154:1997;64-68.
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Am J Psychiatry
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Alaghband-Rad, J.1
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Giedd, J.N.3
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13
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0030863735
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Obstetric complications and age at onset in schizophrenia: An international collaborative meta-analysis of individual patient data
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of special interest. In a meta-analysis of obstetric complications in 845 schizophrenic patients, a significant association was found between obstetric complications and early onset of schizophrenia. No association was found between obstetric complications and family history or gender.
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Verdoux H, Geddes JR, Takei N, Lawrie SM, Bovet P, Eagles JM, Heun R, McCreadie RG, McNeil TF, O'Callaghan E, et al. Obstetric complications and age at onset in schizophrenia: an international collaborative meta-analysis of individual patient data. of special interest Am J Psychiatry. 154:1997;1220-1227 In a meta-analysis of obstetric complications in 845 schizophrenic patients, a significant association was found between obstetric complications and early onset of schizophrenia. No association was found between obstetric complications and family history or gender.
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(1997)
Am J Psychiatry
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Verdoux, H.1
Geddes, J.R.2
Takei, N.3
Lawrie, S.M.4
Bovet, P.5
Eagles, J.M.6
Heun, R.7
McCreadie, R.G.8
McNeil, T.F.9
O'Callaghan, E.10
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15
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0030755112
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Association between central nervous system infections during childhood and adult onset schizophrenia and other psychoses: A 28-year follow-up
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Rantakallio P, Jones P, Moring J, Von Wendt L. Association between central nervous system infections during childhood and adult onset schizophrenia and other psychoses: a 28-year follow-up. Int J Epidemiol. 26:1997;837-843.
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Rantakallio, P.1
Jones, P.2
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16
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0029898371
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Prenatal exposure to the 1957 influenza epidemic and adult schizophrenia: A follow-up study
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of special interest. A follow-up on individuals with prenatal exposure to the 1957 A2 influenza did not show an increased risk of schizophrenia although there was an increase in depressive illness.
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Cannon M, Cotter D, Coffey VP, Sham PC, Takei N, Larkin C, Murray RM, O'Callaghan E. Prenatal exposure to the 1957 influenza epidemic and adult schizophrenia: a follow-up study. of special interest Br J Psychiatry. 163:1996;368-371 A follow-up on individuals with prenatal exposure to the 1957 A2 influenza did not show an increased risk of schizophrenia although there was an increase in depressive illness.
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(1996)
Br J Psychiatry
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Cannon, M.1
Cotter, D.2
Coffey, V.P.3
Sham, P.C.4
Takei, N.5
Larkin, C.6
Murray, R.M.7
O'Callaghan, E.8
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17
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0030892098
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Adult major affective disorder after prenatal exposure to an influenza epidemic
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Machon RA, Mednick SA, Huttunen MO. Adult major affective disorder after prenatal exposure to an influenza epidemic. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 54:1997;322-328.
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Arch Gen Psychiatry
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MacHon, R.A.1
Mednick, S.A.2
Huttunen, M.O.3
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18
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0030298574
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Relationship between in utero exposure to influenza epidemics and risk of schizophrenia in Denmark
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of special interest. Contrary to [16], this study found that exposure to influenza four months before birth is associated with increased risk of schizophrenia. However, only 1.4% of all cases of schizophrenia were attributed to prenatal viral exposure.
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Takei N, Mortensen PB, Klaening U, Murray RM, Sham PC, O'Callaghan E, Munk-Jorgensen P. Relationship between in utero exposure to influenza epidemics and risk of schizophrenia in Denmark. of special interest Biol Psychiatry. 40:1996;817-824 Contrary to [16], this study found that exposure to influenza four months before birth is associated with increased risk of schizophrenia. However, only 1.4% of all cases of schizophrenia were attributed to prenatal viral exposure.
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(1996)
Biol Psychiatry
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Takei, N.1
Mortensen, P.B.2
Klaening, U.3
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Sham, P.C.5
O'Callaghan, E.6
Munk-Jorgensen, P.7
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19
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0030021577
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Schizophrenia after prenatal famine. Further evidence
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of special interest. A birth cohort that was exposed to maternal famine during pregnancy showed a twofold increase in the risk for schizophrenia. This study suggests that prenatal nutritional deficiencies may be a causative factor in some cases of schizophrenia.
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Susser E, Neugebauer R, Hoek HW, Brown AS, Lin S, Labovitz D, Gorman JM. Schizophrenia after prenatal famine. Further evidence. of special interest Arch Gen Psychiatry. 53:1996;25-31 A birth cohort that was exposed to maternal famine during pregnancy showed a twofold increase in the risk for schizophrenia. This study suggests that prenatal nutritional deficiencies may be a causative factor in some cases of schizophrenia.
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(1996)
Arch Gen Psychiatry
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Susser, E.1
Neugebauer, R.2
Hoek, H.W.3
Brown, A.S.4
Lin, S.5
Labovitz, D.6
Gorman, J.M.7
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20
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Rhesus incompatibility as a risk factor for schizophrenia in male adults
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Hollister JM, Laing P, Mednick SA. Rhesus incompatibility as a risk factor for schizophrenia in male adults. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 53:1996;19-24.
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Hollister, J.M.1
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Mednick, S.A.3
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21
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8944227512
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Brain anatomic magnetic resonance imaging in childhood-onset schizophrenia
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of special interest. The comparison of anatomic brain magnetic resonance imaging scans of patients with childhood-onset schizophrenia with those of healthy controls shows smaller total cerebral volume and midsagittal thalamic area, as well as larger caudate, putamen, globus pallidus and lateral ventricles. These abnormalities in childhood-onset schizophrenia are similar to findings in adult schizophrenic patients.
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Frazier JA, Giedd JN, Hamburger SD, Albus KE, Kaysen D, Vaituzis AC, Rajapakse JC, Lenane MC, McKenna K, Jacobsen LK, et al. Brain anatomic magnetic resonance imaging in childhood-onset schizophrenia. of special interest Arch Gen Psychiatry. 53:1996;617-624 The comparison of anatomic brain magnetic resonance imaging scans of patients with childhood-onset schizophrenia with those of healthy controls shows smaller total cerebral volume and midsagittal thalamic area, as well as larger caudate, putamen, globus pallidus and lateral ventricles. These abnormalities in childhood-onset schizophrenia are similar to findings in adult schizophrenic patients.
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(1996)
Arch Gen Psychiatry
, vol.53
, pp. 617-624
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Frazier, J.A.1
Giedd, J.N.2
Hamburger, S.D.3
Albus, K.E.4
Kaysen, D.5
Vaituzis, A.C.6
Rajapakse, J.C.7
Lenane, M.C.8
McKenna, K.9
Jacobsen, L.K.10
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22
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13344269688
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Temporal lobe morphology in childhood-onset schizophrenia
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Jacobsen LK, Giedd JN, Vaituzis AC, Hamburger SD, Rajapakse JC, Frazier JA, Kaysen D, Lenane MC, McKenna K, Gordon CT, Rapaport JL. Temporal lobe morphology in childhood-onset schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry. 153:1996;355-361.
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Am J Psychiatry
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Jacobsen, L.K.1
Giedd, J.N.2
Vaituzis, A.C.3
Hamburger, S.D.4
Rajapakse, J.C.5
Frazier, J.A.6
Kaysen, D.7
Lenane, M.C.8
McKenna, K.9
Gordon, C.T.10
Rapaport, J.L.11
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23
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0031008601
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Cortical abnormality in schizophrenia: An in vivo application of the gyrification index
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Kulynych JJ, Luevano LF, Jones DW, Weinberger DR. Cortical abnormality in schizophrenia: an in vivo application of the gyrification index. Biol Psychiatry. 41:1997;995-999.
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Biol Psychiatry
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Kulynych, J.J.1
Luevano, L.F.2
Jones, D.W.3
Weinberger, D.R.4
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24
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0030990098
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The Maudsley family study. 4. Normal planum temporale asymmetry in familial schizophrenia. A volumetric MRI study
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Frangou S, Sharma T, Sigmudsson T, Barta P, Pearlson G, Murray RM. The Maudsley family study. 4. Normal planum temporale asymmetry in familial schizophrenia. A volumetric MRI study. Br J Psychiatry. 170:1997;328-333.
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Br J Psychiatry
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Frangou, S.1
Sharma, T.2
Sigmudsson, T.3
Barta, P.4
Pearlson, G.5
Murray, R.M.6
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25
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17944403683
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Three-dimensional cortical morphometry of the planum temporale in childhood-onset schizophrenia
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Jacobsen LK, Giedd JN, Tanrikut C, Brady DR, Donohue BC, Hamburger SD, Kumra S, Alaghband-Rad J, Rumsey JM, Rapaport JL. Three-dimensional cortical morphometry of the planum temporale in childhood-onset schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry. 154:1997;685-687.
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Am J Psychiatry
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Jacobsen, L.K.1
Giedd, J.N.2
Tanrikut, C.3
Brady, D.R.4
Donohue, B.C.5
Hamburger, S.D.6
Kumra, S.7
Alaghband-Rad, J.8
Rumsey, J.M.9
Rapaport, J.L.10
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26
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17944390926
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Planum temporale asymmetry reversal in schizophrenia: Replication and relationship to gray matter abnormalities
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Barta PE, Pearlson GD, Brill LB, Royall R, McGilchrist IK, Pulver AE, Powers RE, Casanova MF, Tien AY, Frangou S, Petty RG. Planum temporale asymmetry reversal in schizophrenia: replication and relationship to gray matter abnormalities. Am J Psychiatry. 154:1997;661-667.
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Am J Psychiatry
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Barta, P.E.1
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Brill, L.B.3
Royall, R.4
McGilchrist, I.K.5
Pulver, A.E.6
Powers, R.E.7
Casanova, M.F.8
Tien, A.Y.9
Frangou, S.10
Petty, R.G.11
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27
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0028943145
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Reversal of asymmetry of the planum temporale in schizophrenia
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Petty RG, Barta PE, Pearlson GD, McGilchrist IK, Lewis RW, Tien AY, Pulver A, Vaughn DD, Casanova MF, Powers RE. Reversal of asymmetry of the planum temporale in schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry. 152:1995;715-721.
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Am J Psychiatry
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Petty, R.G.1
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Pearlson, G.D.3
McGilchrist, I.K.4
Lewis, R.W.5
Tien, A.Y.6
Pulver, A.7
Vaughn, D.D.8
Casanova, M.F.9
Powers, R.E.10
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28
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0030955717
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Size, shape and orientation of neurons in the left and right hippocampus: Investigation of normal asymmetries and alterations in schizophrenia
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of special interest. Hippocampal neurons show cytoarchitectural abnormalities in schizophrenia, including decreased neuronal size and altered shape.
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Zaidel DW, Esiri MM, Harrison PJ. Size, shape and orientation of neurons in the left and right hippocampus: investigation of normal asymmetries and alterations in schizophrenia. of special interest Am J Psychiatry. 154:1997;812-818 Hippocampal neurons show cytoarchitectural abnormalities in schizophrenia, including decreased neuronal size and altered shape.
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Am J Psychiatry
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Zaidel, D.W.1
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Harrison, P.J.3
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0030962980
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The hippocampus in schizophrenia: Lateralized increased in neuronal density and altered cytoarchitectural asymmetry
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Zaidel DW, Esiri MM, Harrison PJ. The hippocampus in schizophrenia: lateralized increased in neuronal density and altered cytoarchitectural asymmetry. Psychol Med. 27:1997;703-713.
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Zaidel, D.W.1
Esiri, M.M.2
Harrison, P.J.3
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30
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Abnormally high neuronal density in the schizophrenic cortex. A morphometric analysis of prefrontal area 9 and occipital area 17
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Selemon LD, Rajkowska G, Goldman-Rakic PS. Abnormally high neuronal density in the schizophrenic cortex. A morphometric analysis of prefrontal area 9 and occipital area 17. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 52:1995;805-818.
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Arch Gen Psychiatry
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Selemon, L.D.1
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Prenatal development disturbances in the limbic allocortex in schizophrenics
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Jakob H, Beckmann H. Prenatal development disturbances in the limbic allocortex in schizophrenics. J Neural Transm. 65:1986;303-326.
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Cytoarchitecture of the entorhinal cortex in schizophrenia
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Akil M, Lewis DA. Cytoarchitecture of the entorhinal cortex in schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry. 154:1997;1010-1012.
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Am J Psychiatry
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Variability in the human entorhinal region may confound neuropsychiatric diagnoses
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Heinsen H, Gossman E, Rub U, Eisenmenger W, Bauer M, Ulmar G, Bethke B, Schuler M, Schmitt HP, Gotz M, et al. Variability in the human entorhinal region may confound neuropsychiatric diagnoses. Acta Anat (Basel). 157:1996;226-237.
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Heinsen, H.1
Gossman, E.2
Rub, U.3
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Bauer, M.5
Ulmar, G.6
Bethke, B.7
Schuler, M.8
Schmitt, H.P.9
Gotz, M.10
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34
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0029876983
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Maldistribution of interstitial neurons in prefrontal white matter of the brains of schizophrenic patients
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of outstanding interest. Schizophrenics show a selective displacement of interstitial white matter neurons in the frontal lobe, possibly indicating an alteration in the patients of neuronal migration or programmed cell death.
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Akbarian S, Kim JJ, Potkin SG, Hetrick WP, Bunney WE, Jones EG. Maldistribution of interstitial neurons in prefrontal white matter of the brains of schizophrenic patients. of outstanding interest Arch Gen Psychiatry. 53:1996;425-436 Schizophrenics show a selective displacement of interstitial white matter neurons in the frontal lobe, possibly indicating an alteration in the patients of neuronal migration or programmed cell death.
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(1996)
Arch Gen Psychiatry
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Akbarian, S.1
Kim, J.J.2
Potkin, S.G.3
Hetrick, W.P.4
Bunney, W.E.5
Jones, E.G.6
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35
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Increased density of microtubule associated protein 2-immunoreactive neurons in the prefrontal white matter of schizophrenic subjects
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Anderson SA, Volk DW, Lewis DA. Increased density of microtubule associated protein 2-immunoreactive neurons in the prefrontal white matter of schizophrenic subjects. Schizophrenia Res. 19:1996;111-119.
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Anderson, S.A.1
Volk, D.W.2
Lewis, D.A.3
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36
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0030331175
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A receptor binding on neurons of the prefrontal cortex in schizophrenic subjects
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A receptor binding in layers II, III, IV and VI of Brodmann area 10 (prefrontal cortex) compared with normal controls, particularly for large pyramidal neurons. This study suggests a preferential reduction of inhibitory GABAergic input to pyramidal neurons in schizophrenics, resulting in an increased excitatory outflow from the prefrontal cortex to other cortical regions.
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A receptor binding in layers II, III, IV and VI of Brodmann area 10 (prefrontal cortex) compared with normal controls, particularly for large pyramidal neurons. This study suggests a preferential reduction of inhibitory GABAergic input to pyramidal neurons in schizophrenics, resulting in an increased excitatory outflow from the prefrontal cortex to other cortical regions.
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(1996)
Neuroscience
, vol.75
, pp. 1021-1031
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Benes, F.M.1
Vincent, S.L.2
Marie, A.3
Khan, Y.4
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37
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9044247065
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Selective alterations in gene expression for NMDA receptor subunits in prefrontal cortex of schizophrenics
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of special interest. In schizophrenics, the expression of the mRNA for the NR2 subunit of the glutamatergic NMDA receptor was relatively decreased, but these changes are confined to the prefrontal cortex. These changes might indicate deficits in NMDA-receptor-mediated neurotransmission in schizophrenics.
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Akbarian S, Sucher NJ, Bradley D, Tafazzoli A, Trinh D, Hetrick WP, Potkin SG, Sandman CA, Bunney WE, Jones EG. Selective alterations in gene expression for NMDA receptor subunits in prefrontal cortex of schizophrenics. of special interest J Neurosci. 16:1996;19-30 In schizophrenics, the expression of the mRNA for the NR2 subunit of the glutamatergic NMDA receptor was relatively decreased, but these changes are confined to the prefrontal cortex. These changes might indicate deficits in NMDA-receptor-mediated neurotransmission in schizophrenics.
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(1996)
J Neurosci
, vol.16
, pp. 19-30
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Akbarian, S.1
Sucher, N.J.2
Bradley, D.3
Tafazzoli, A.4
Trinh, D.5
Hetrick, W.P.6
Potkin, S.G.7
Sandman, C.A.8
Bunney, W.E.9
Jones, E.G.10
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38
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0030472783
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Levels of the growth-associated protein GAP-43 are selectively increased in association cortices in schizophrenia
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of outstanding interest. GAP-43, a membrane phosphoprotein found at high levels in the developing brain, is increased in the visual association cortex and frontal cortex in schizophrenic patients, suggesting a perturbed organization of synaptic connections in specific brain areas.
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Perrone-Bizzozero NI, Sower AC, Bird ED, Benowitz LI, Ivins KJ, Neve RL. Levels of the growth-associated protein GAP-43 are selectively increased in association cortices in schizophrenia. of outstanding interest Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 93:1996;14182-14187 GAP-43, a membrane phosphoprotein found at high levels in the developing brain, is increased in the visual association cortex and frontal cortex in schizophrenic patients, suggesting a perturbed organization of synaptic connections in specific brain areas.
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(1996)
Proc Natl Acad Sci USA
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, pp. 14182-14187
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Perrone-Bizzozero, N.I.1
Sower, A.C.2
Bird, E.D.3
Benowitz, L.I.4
Ivins, K.J.5
Neve, R.L.6
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39
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0030792187
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Reduction of synaptophysin immunoreactivity in the prefrontal cortex of subjects with schizophrenia - Regional and diagnostic specificity
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of special interest. Synaptophysin immunoreactivity was significantly decreased in the prefrontal cortex (areas 9 and 46) but not in the visual cortex of schizophrenic patients. These results are consistent with a disturbance in synaptic transmission in the prefrontal cortex in schizophrenia.
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Glantz LA, Lewis DA. Reduction of synaptophysin immunoreactivity in the prefrontal cortex of subjects with schizophrenia - regional and diagnostic specificity. of special interest Arch Gen Psychiatry. 54:1997;660-669 Synaptophysin immunoreactivity was significantly decreased in the prefrontal cortex (areas 9 and 46) but not in the visual cortex of schizophrenic patients. These results are consistent with a disturbance in synaptic transmission in the prefrontal cortex in schizophrenia.
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(1997)
Arch Gen Psychiatry
, vol.54
, pp. 660-669
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Glantz, L.A.1
Lewis, D.A.2
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40
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0028965594
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Altered synaptophysin expression as a market of synaptic pathology in schizophrenia
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Eastwood SL, Burnet PW, Harrison PJ. Altered synaptophysin expression as a market of synaptic pathology in schizophrenia. Neuroscience. 66:1995;309-319.
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(1995)
Neuroscience
, vol.66
, pp. 309-319
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Eastwood, S.L.1
Burnet, P.W.2
Harrison, P.J.3
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41
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0030973411
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Increased concentrations of presynaptic proteins in the cingulate cortex of subjects with schizophrenia
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of special interest. In schizophrenia, presynaptic proteins (e.g. synaptophysin, syntaxin and synaptosomal-associated protein-25 kDa) are increased in the cingulate cortex but not in other brain regions, suggesting changes in the synaptic organization.
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Gabriel SM, Haroutunian V, Powchik P, Honer WG, Davidson M, Davies P, Davis KL. Increased concentrations of presynaptic proteins in the cingulate cortex of subjects with schizophrenia. of special interest Arch Gen Psychiatry. 54:1997;559-566 In schizophrenia, presynaptic proteins (e.g. synaptophysin, syntaxin and synaptosomal-associated protein-25 kDa) are increased in the cingulate cortex but not in other brain regions, suggesting changes in the synaptic organization.
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(1997)
Arch Gen Psychiatry
, vol.54
, pp. 559-566
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Gabriel, S.M.1
Haroutunian, V.2
Powchik, P.3
Honer, W.G.4
Davidson, M.5
Davies, P.6
Davis, K.L.7
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42
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0029853927
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Regionally specific pattern of neurochemical pathology in schizophrenia as assessed by multislice proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging
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of outstanding interest. N-acetyl-aspartate (NAA) has been used as a marker for neuronal integrity. On MRI spectroscopy, the NAA-related signals of schizophrenic patients are reduced in the hippocampal region and the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex but not in other brain areas.
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Bertolino A, Nawroz S, Mattay VS, Barnett AS, Duyn JH, Moonen CT, Frank JA, Tedeschi G, Weinberger DR. Regionally specific pattern of neurochemical pathology in schizophrenia as assessed by multislice proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging. of outstanding interest Am J Psychiatry. 153:1996;1554-1563 N-acetyl-aspartate (NAA) has been used as a marker for neuronal integrity. On MRI spectroscopy, the NAA-related signals of schizophrenic patients are reduced in the hippocampal region and the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex but not in other brain areas.
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(1996)
Am J Psychiatry
, vol.153
, pp. 1554-1563
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Bertolino, A.1
Nawroz, S.2
Mattay, V.S.3
Barnett, A.S.4
Duyn, J.H.5
Moonen, C.T.6
Frank, J.A.7
Tedeschi, G.8
Weinberger, D.R.9
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