Staphylokinase: A potent, uniquely fibrin-selective thrombolytic agent

Nature Medicine

Volumn 4, Issue 3, 1998, Pages 279-284

  Collen, Désiré ^a,b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF LEUVEN   (Belgium)

^b DEPARTMENT OF PLANT SYSTEMS BIOLOGY   (Belgium)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ALTEPLASE; ANISTREPLASE; STAPHYLOKINASE; STREPTOKINASE;

ACUTE HEART INFARCTION; BLOOD CLOT LYSIS; CLINICAL TRIAL; DRUG CLEARANCE; DRUG EFFICACY; DRUG MECHANISM; DRUG SELECTIVITY; DRUG STRUCTURE; FIBRINOLYTIC THERAPY; HUMAN; IMMUNOGENICITY; INTRAVENOUS DRUG ADMINISTRATION; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS;

ANIMALS; BRAIN ISCHEMIA; CLINICAL TRIALS; ENZYME ACTIVATION; FIBRINOLYTIC AGENTS; HUMANS; META-ANALYSIS; METALLOENDOPEPTIDASES; MODELS, BIOLOGICAL; MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; PLASMINOGEN; SUBSTRATE SPECIFICITY;

STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS;

EID: 0031941584     PISSN: 10788956     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1038/nm0398-279     Document Type: Review

References (46)

1. Collen, D. & Lijnen, H.R. Basic and clinical aspects of fibrinolysis and thrombolysis. Blood 78, 3114-3124 (1991).
2. Schlandt, R.C. (Chairman). Reperfusion in acute myocardial infarction. Circulation 90, 2091-2102 (1994).
3. Collen, D. Fibrin-selective thrombolytic therapy for acute myocardial infarction. Circulation 93, 857-865 (1996).
4. Collen, D. Trials comparing the available thrombolytic agents. Coron. Art. Dis. 3, 117-122 (1992).
5. Grünewald, M. & Seifried, E. Meta-analysis of all available published clinical trials (1958-1990) on thrombolytic therapy for AMI: relative efficacy of different therapeytic strategies. Fibrinolysis 8, 67-86 (1994).
6. The GUSTO Investigators. An international randomized trial comparing four thrombolytic strategies for acute myocardial infarction. N. Engl. J. Med. 329, 673-682 (1993).
7. Collins, R., Peto, R., Baigent, C. & Sleight, P. Aspirin, heparin, and fibrinolytic therapy in suspected acute myocardial infarction. N. Engl. J. Med. 336, 847-860 (1997).
8. Califf, R.M., et al. One-year results from the Global Utilization of Streptokinase and TPA for Occluded Coronary Arteries (GUSTO-1) Trial. Circulation 94, 1233-1238 (1996).
9. Califf, R.M., et al. Selection of thrombolytic therapy for individual patients: development of a clinical model. Am. Heart J. 133, 630-639 (1997).
10. Lack, C.H. Staphylokinase: an activator of plasma protease. Nature 161, 559-560 (1948).
11. n.Gerheim, E.B. Staphylococcal coagulation and fibrinolysis. Nature 162, 732 (1948).
12. Christensen, L.R. Streptococcal fibrinolysis: a proteolytic reaction due to a serum enzyme activated by Streptococcal fibrinolysin. J. Gen. Physiol. 28, 363-383 (1945).
13. Lewis, J.H., Kerber, C.W. & Wilson, J.H. Effects of fibrinolytic agents and heparin on intravascular clot lysis. Am. J. Physiol. 207, 1044-1048 (1964).
14. Kanae, K. Fibrinolysis by Staphylokinase in vivo. Tokyo Jikeika Med. J. 100, 925-934 (1985).
15. Collen, D. et al. Mechanisms of activation of mammalian piasma fibrinolytic systems with streptokinase and with recombinant Staphylokinase. Eur. J. Biochem. 216, 307-314 (1993).
16. Collen, D. & Lijnen, H.R. Staphylokinase, a fibrin-specific plasminogen activator with therapeutic potential ? Blood 84, 680-686 (1994).
17. Sako, T. et al. Cloning and expression of the Staphylokinase gene of Staphylococcus aureus in Escherichia coli. Mol. Gen. Genet. 190, 271-277 (1983).
18. Behnke, D. & Gerlach, D. Cloning and expression in Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, and Streptococcus sanguis of a gene for Staphylokinase - a bacterial plasminogen activator. Mol. Gen. Genet. 210, 528-534 (1987).
19. Collen, D., Silence, K., Demarsin, E., De Mol, M. & Lijnen, H.R. Isolation and characterization of natural and recombinant Staphylokinase. Fibrinolysis 6, 203-213 (1992).
20. Sako, T. & Tsuchida, N. Nucleotide sequence of the Staphylokinase gene from Staphylococcus aureus. Nucleic Acids Res. 11, 7679-7693 (1983).
21. Collen, D., Zhao, Z.A., Holvoet, P. & Marijnen, P. Primary structure and gene structure of Staphylokinase. Fibrinolysis 6, 226-231 (1992).
22. Rabijns, A., De Bondt, H.L. & De Ranter, C. Three-dimensional-structure of Staphylokinase, a plasminogen activator with therapeutic potential. Nat. Struct. Biol. 4, 357-360 (1997).
23. 2-terminal proteolysis for plasminogen activation. J. Biol. Chem. 272, 6067-6072 (1997).
24. Collen, D. et al. On the mechanism of the activation of human plasminogen by recombinant staphylokinase. J. Biol. Chem. 268, 8284-8289 (1993).
25. Sakharov, D.V., Lijnen, H.R. & Rijken, D.C. Interactions between staphylokinase, plasmin(ogen) and fibrin. Staphylokinase discriminates between free plasminogen and plasminogen bound to partially degraded fibrin. J. Biol. Chem. 271, 27912-27918 (1996).
26. Lijnen, H.R. et al. On the mechanism of fibrin-specific plasminogen activation by staphylokinase. J. Biol. Chem. 266, 11826-11832 (1991).
27. Lijnen, H.R., Van Hoef, B., Vandenbossche, L. & Collen, D. Biochemical properties of natural and recombinant staphylokinase. Fibrinolysis 6, 214-225 (1992).
28. Sabovic, M., Lijnen, H.R., Keber, D. & Collen, D. Effect of retraction on the lysis of human clots with fibrin-specific and non-fibrin specific plasminogen activators. Thromb. Haemost 62, 1083-1087 (1989).
29. 2-plasmin inhibitor. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 162, 830-837 (1989).
30. 2-antiplasmin and fibrin. Biochim. Biophys. 4cta 1118, 144-148 (1992).
31. 2-antiplasmin and fibrin of the activation of plasminogen with recombinant staphylokinase in plasma. Blood 82, 1175-1183 (1993).
32. Lijnen, H.R., De Cock, F., Matsuo, O. & Collen, D. Comparative fibrinolytic and fibrinogenolytic properties of staphylokinase and streptokinase in plasma of different species in vitro. Fibrinolysis 6, 33-37 (1992).
33. Collen, D. et al. Comparative thrombolytic and immunogenic properties of staphylokinase and streptokinase. Fibrinolysis 6, 232-242 (1992).
34. Collen, D., De Cock, F. & Stassen, J.M. Comparative immunogenicity and thrombolytic properties towards arterial and venous thrombi of streptokinase and recombinant staphylokinase in baboons. Circulation 87, 996-1006 (1993).
35. Collen, D. & Van de Werf, F. Coronary thrombolysis with recombinant staphylokinase in patients with evolving myocardial infarction. Circulation 87, 1850-1853 (1993).
36. Schlott, B. et al. High yield production and purification of recombinant staphylokinase for thrombolytic therapy. Bio/technology 12, 185-189 (1994).
37. Vanderschueren, S. et al. A randomized trial of recombinant staphylokinase versus alteplase for coronary artery patency in acute myocardial infarction. The STAR Trial Group. Circulation 92, 2044-2049 (1995).
38. Vanderschueren, S., Collen, D. & Van de Werf, F. A pilot study on bolus administration of recombinant staphylokinase for coronary artery thrombolysis. Thromb, Haemost 76, 541-544 (1996).
39. Vanderschueren, S. et al. A pilot randomized coronary patency trial of doublebolus recombinant staphylokinase versus front-loaded alteplase in acute myocardial infarction. Am. Heart J. 134, 213-219 (1997).
40. Vanderschueren, S. et al. Thrombolytic therapy of peripheral arterial occlusion with recombinant staphylokinase. Circulation 92, 2050-2057, (1995).
41. Declerck, P.J. Vanderschueren, S., Billiet, J., Moreau, H. & Collen, D. Prevalence and induction of circulating antibodies against recombinant staphylokinase, Thromb. Haemost. 71, 129-133 (1994).
42. Collen, D. et al Recombinant staphylokinase variants with altered immunoreactivity. I. Construction and characterization. Circulation 94, 197-206, (1996).
43. Collen, D., Moreau, H., Stockx, L & Vanderschueren, S. Recombinant staphylokinase variants with altered immunoreactivity. II. Thrombolytic properties and antibody induction. Circulation 94, 207-216 (1996).
44. Vanderschueren, S., Stassen, J.M. & Collen, D. Comparative antigenicity of recombinant wild-type staphylokinase (SakSTAR) and a selected mutant (SakSTAR.M38) in a baboon thrombolysis model. J. Cardiovasc Pharmacol. 27, 809-815 (1996).
45. Collen, D. et al. Recombinant staphylokinase variants with altered immunoreactivity. III. Species variability of antibody binding patterns. Circulation 95, 455-462 (1997).
46. Collen, D., Stockx, L, Lacroix, H., Suy, R. & Vanderschueren, S. Recombinant staphylokinase variants with altered immunoreactivity. IV. Identification of variants with reduced antibody induction but intact potency. Circulation 95, 463-472 (1997).