Nuclear matrix proteins and osteoblast gene expression

Journal of Bone and Mineral Research

Volumn 13, Issue 2, 1998, Pages 155-167

  Bidwell, Joseph P ^a,b   Alvarez, Marta ^a   Feister, Hilary ^b   Onyia, Jude ^a,c   Hock, Janet ^a,c  

^a INDIANA UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF DENTISTRY   (United States)

^b INDIANA UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^c ELI LILLY AND COMPANY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

COLLAGEN TYPE 1; DNA; DNA BINDING PROTEIN; GLUCOCORTICOID; OSTEOCALCIN; PARATHYROID HORMONE; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR; VITAMIN D;

ANIMAL CELL; CELL DIFFERENTIATION; CELL NUCLEUS MATRIX; CELL SPECIFICITY; CELL TYPE; DNA STRUCTURE; FETUS; GENE EXPRESSION; GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION; MALE; MOUSE; NONHUMAN; OSTEOBLAST; PROMOTER REGION; RAT; REVIEW;

ANTIGENS, NUCLEAR; CELL DIFFERENTIATION; CELL SIZE; COLLAGEN; CORE BINDING FACTOR ALPHA 1 SUBUNIT; DNA; GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION; HUMANS; NEOPLASM PROTEINS; NUCLEAR PROTEINS; OSTEOBLASTS; OSTEOCALCIN; PARATHYROID HORMONE; PROMOTER REGIONS (GENETICS); TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS; TRANSCRIPTION, GENETIC;

EID: 0031941222     PISSN: 08840431     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1359/jbmr.1998.13.2.155     Document Type: Review

References (164)

1. Maniotis AJ, Chen CS, Ingber DE 1997 Demonstration of mechanical connections between integrins, cytoskeletal filaments, and nucleoplasm that stabilize nuclear structure. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 94:849-854.
2. Chen CS, Mrkcsich M, Huang S, Whitesides GM, Ingber DE 1997 Geometric control of cell life and death. Science 276:1425-1428.
3. Ingber DE, Prusty D, Sun Z, Betensky H, Wang N 1995 Cell shape, cytoskeletal mechanics, and cell cycle control in angiogenesis. J Biomech 28:1471-1484.
4. Malek AM, Izumo S 1996 Mechanism of endothelial cell shape change and cytoskeletal remodeling in response to fluid shear stress. J Cell Sci 109:713-726.
5. Malek AM, Jackman R, Rosenberg RD, Izumo S 1994 Endothelial expression of thrombomodulin is reversibly regulated by fluid shear stress. Circ Res 74:852-860.
6. Thoumine O, Ziegler T, Girard PR, Nerem RM 1995 Elongation of confluent endothelial cells in culture: The importance of fields of force in the associated alterations of their cytoskeletal structure. Exp Cell Res 219:427-441.
7. Lelievre S, Weaver VM, Bissell MJ 1996 Extracellular matrix signaling from the cellular membrane skeleton to the nuclear skeleton: A model of gene regulation. Recent Prog Horm Res 51:417-432.
8. Roskelley CD, Srebrow A, Bissell MJ 1995 A hierarchy of ECM-mediated signalling regulates tissue-specific gene expression. Curr Opin Cell Biol 7:736-747.
9. Sato M, Ohshima N 1994 Flow-induced changes in shape and cytoskeletal structure of vascular endothelial cells. Biorheology 31:143-153.
10. Goldblum SE, Ding X, Funk SE, Sage EH 1994 SPARC (secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine) regulates endothelial cell shape and barrier function. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 91:3448-3452.
11. Simcha I, Geiger B, Yehuda-Levenberg S, Salomon D, Ben-Ze'ev A 1996 Suppression of tumorigenicity by plakoglobin: An augmenting effect of N-cadherin. J Cell Biol 133:199-209.
12. Mills JW, Mandell LJ 1994 Cytoskeletal regulation of membrane transport events. FASEB J 8:1161-1165.
13. Cowin P, Burke B 1996 Cytoskeleton-membrane interactions. Curr Opin Cell Biol 8:56-65.
14. Rana B, Mischoulon D, Xie Y, Bucher NLR, Farmer SR 1994 Cell-extracellular matrix interactions can regulate the switch between growth and differentiation in rat hepatocytes: Reciprocal expression of C/EBPα and immediate-early growth response transcription factors. Mol Cell Biol 14:5858-5869.
15. DiPersio CM, Jackson DA, Zaret KS 1991 The extracellular matrix coordinately modulates liver transcription factors and hepatocyte morphology. Mol Cell Biol 11:4405-4414.
16. Ingber DE 1997 Tensegrity: The architectural basis of cellular mechanotransduction. Ann Rev Physiol 59:575-599.
17. Stamenovic D, Fredberg JJ, Wang N, Butler JP, Ingber DE 1996 A microstructural approach to cytoskeletal mechanics based on tensegrity. J Theor Biol 181:125-136.
18. Ingber DE 1993 The riddle of morphogenesis: A question of solution chemistry or molecular cell engineering? Cell 75: 1249-1252.
19. Hopkin K 1996 Turning on cells with a twist or a tug. J Natl Inst Health Res 8:23-25.
20. Rosette C, Karin M 1995 Cytoskeletal control of gene expression: depolymerization of microtubules activates NF-κB. J Cell Biol 128:1111-1119.
21. Wolffe AP 1994 Architectural transcription factors. Science 264:1100-1101.
22. Grosschedl R, Giese K, Pagel J 1994 HMG domain proteins: Architectural elements in the assembly of nucleoprotein structures. Trends Genet 10:94-100.
23. van der Vliet PC, Verrijzer CP 1993 Bending of DNA by transcription factors. BioEssays 15:25-32.
24. Thanos D, Maniatis T 1995 Virus induction of human IFNβ gene expression requires the assembly of an enhanceosome. Cell 83:1091-1100.
25. Kerppola TK, Curran T 1993 Selective DNA bending by a variety of bZIP proteins. Mol Cell Biol 13:5479-5489.
26. Paolella DN, Palmer CR, Schepartz A 1994 DNA targets for certain bZIP proteins distinguished by an intrinsic bend. Science 264:1130-1133.
27. Verrijzer CP, van Oosterhout JAWM, van Weperen WW, van der Vliet PC 1991 POU proteins bend DNA via the POU-specific domain. EMBO J 10:3007-3014.
28. Oelgeschläger T, Chiang CM, Roeder RG 1996 Topology and reorganization of a human TFIID-promoter complex. Nature 382:735-738.
29. Cullen KE, Kladde MP, Seyfred MA 1993 Interaction between transcription regulatory regions of prolactin chromatin. Science 261:203-206.
30. Natesan S, Gilman MZ 1993 DNA bending and orientation-dependent function of YY1 in the c-fos promoter. Genes Dev 7:2497-2509.
31. Bazett-Jones DP, Leblanc B, Herfort M, Moss T 1994 Shortrange DNA looping by the Xenopus HMG-Box transcription factor, xUBF. Science 264:1134-1137.
32. Golling G, Li LH, Pepling M, Stebbins M, Gergen JP 1996 Drosophila homologs of the protooncogene product PEBP2/ CBFβ regulate the DNA-binding properties of runt. Mol Cell Biol 16:932-942.
33. Cress WD, Nevins JR 1996 A role for a bent DNA structure in E2F-mediated transcription activation. Mol Cell Biol 16:2119-2127.
34. Nakagomi K, Kohwi Y, Dickinson LA, Kohwi-Shigematsu T 1994 A novel DNA-binding motif in the nuclear matrix attachment DNA-binding protein SATB1. Mol Cell Biol 14:1852-1860.
35. Dickinson LA, Kohwi-Shigematsu T 1995 Nucleolin is a matrix attachment region DNA-binding protein that specifically recognizes a region with high base-unpairing potential. Mol Cell Biol 15:456-465.
36. Forrester WC, Genderen CV, Jenuwein T, Grosschedl R 1994 Dependence of enhancer-mediated transcription of the immunoglobulin μ gene on nuclear matrix attachment regions. Science 265:1221-1225.
37. Guo B, Odgren PR, van Wijnen AJ, Last TJ, Nickerson J, Penman S, Lian JB, Stein JL, Stein GS 1995 The nuclear matrix protein NMP-1 is the transcription factor YY1. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 92:10526-10530.
38. Merriman HL, van Wijnen AJ, Hiebert S, Bidwell JP, Fey E, Lian J, Stein J, Stein GS Tissue-specific nuclear matrix protein, NMP-2 is a member of the AML/PEBP2/runt domain transcription factor family: Interactions with the osteocalcin gene promoter. Biochemistry 34:13125-13132.
39. Pienta KJ, Getzenberg RH, Coffey DH 1991 Cell structure and DNA organization. Crit Rev Eukaryot Gene Expr 1: 355-385.
40. Vassy J, Beil M, Irinopoulou T, Rigaut JP 1996 Quantitative image analysis of cytokeratin filament distribution during fetal rat liver development. Hepatology 23:630-638.
41. Pienta KJ, Hoover CN 1994 Coupling of cell structure to cell metabolism and function. J Cell Biochem 55:16-21.
42. Pienta KJ, Coffey DS 1992 Nuclear-cytoskeletal interactions: Evidence for physical connections between the nucleus and cell periphery and their alteration by transformation. J Cell Biochem 49:357-365.
43. Ingber DE, Dike L, Hansen L, Karp S, Liley H, Maniotis A, McNamee H, Mooney D, Plopper G, Sims J, Wang N 1994 Cellular tenesgrity: Exploring how mechanical changes in the cytoskeleton regulate cell growth, migration, and tissue pattern during morphogenesis. Int Rev Cytol 150:173-224.
44. Tawfic S, Faust RA, Gapany M, Ahmed K 1996 Nuclear matrix as an anchor for protein kinase CK2 nuclear signalling. J Cell Biochem 62:165-171.
45. Getzenberg RH, Pienta K, Coffey DS 1990 The tissue matrix: Cell dynamics and hormone action. Endocr Rev 11:399-417.
46. Shinohara-Gotoh Y, Nishida E, Hoshi M, Sakai H 1991 Activation of microtubule-associated protein kinase by microtubule disruption in quiescent rat 3Y1 cells. Exp Cell Res 193:161-166.
47. Manie S, Schmid-Alliana A, Kubar J, Ferrua B, Rossi B 1993 Disruption of microtubule network in human monocytes induces expression of interleukin-1 but not that of interleukin-6 nor tumor necrosis factor-alpha: Involvement of protein kinase A stimulation. J Biol Chem 268:13675-13681.
48. Treisman JE, Ito N, Rubin GM 1997 Misshapen encodes a protein kinase involved in cell shape control in Drosophila. Gene 186:119-125.
49. Wang M-H, Montero-Julian FA, Dauny I, Leonard EJ 1996 Requirement of phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase for epithelial cell migration activated by human macrophage stimulating protein. Oncogene 13:2167-2175.
50. Diegelmann RF, Peterkofsky B 1972 Inhibition of collagen secretion from bone and cultured fibroblasts by microtubule disruptive drugs. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 69:892-896.
51. Scherft JP, Heersche JNM 1975 Accumulation of collagen containing vacuoles in osteoblasts after administration of colchicine. Cell Tissue Res 157:353-365.
52. Takeuchi Y, Nakayama K, Matsumoto T 1996 Differentiation and cell surface expression of transforming growth factor-β receptors are regulated by interaction with matrix collagen in murine osteoblastic cells. J Biol Chem 271:3938-3944.
53. 3 integrin inhibits bone resorption in vitro and prevents osteoporosis in vivo. J Clin Invest 99:2284-2292.
54. Ajubi NE, Klien-Nulend J, Nijweide PJ, Vrijheid-Lammers T, Alblas MJ, Burger EH 1996 Pulsating fluid flow increases prostaglandin production by cultured chicken osteocytes-a cytoskeleton-dependent process. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 225:62-68.
55. Berezney R, Coffey DS 1975 Nuclear protein matrix: Association with newly synthesized DNA. Science 189:291-292.
56. Penman S 1995 Rethinking cell structure. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 92:5251-5257.
57. Nickerson JA, Blencowe BJ, Penman S 1995 The architectural organization of nuclear metabolism. Int Rev Cytol 162A:67-123.
58. Fey EG, Wan J, Penman S 1984 The epithelial cytoskeletal framework and nuclear matrix-intermediate filament scaffold: Three-dimensional organization and protein composition. J Cell Biol 19:1973-1984.
59. Mirkovitch J, Mirault M-E, Laemmli UK 1984 Organization of the higher order chromatin loop: Specific DNA attachment sites on nuclear scaffold. Cell 39:223-232.
60. Razin SV, Gromova II 1995 The channels model of nuclear matrix structure. BioEssays 17:443-450.
61. Stuurman N, Meijne AM, van der Pol AJ, de Jong L, van Driel R, van Renswoude J 1990 The nuclear matrix from cells of different origin: Evidence for a common set of matrix proteins. J Biol Chem 265:5460-5465.
62. Holzmann K, Korosec T, Gerner C, Grimm R, Sauermann G 1997 Identification of human common nuclear-matrix proteins as heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins H and H' by sequencing and mass spectrometry. Eur J Biochem 244: 479-486.
63. De Career G, Lallena MJ, Correas I 1995 Protein 4.1 is a component of the nuclear matrix of mammalian cells. Biochem J 312:871-877.
64. Kallajoke M, Osborn M 1994 Gel electrophoretic analysis of nuclear matrix fractions isolated from different human cell lines. Electrophoresis 15:520-528.
65. Zeng C, He D, Brinkley BR 1994 Localization of NuMA protein isoforms in the nuclear matrix of mammalian cells. Cell Motil Cytoskel 29:167-176.
66. Hutchison CJ, Bridger JM, Cox LS, Kill IR 1994 Weaving a pattern from disparate threads: Lamin function in nuclear assembly and DNA replication. J Cell Sci 107:3259-3269.
67. Moir RD, Spann TP, Goldman RD 1995 The dynamic properties and possible functions of nuclear lamins. Int Rev Cytol 162B:141-182.
68. Furukawa K, Hotta Y, 1993 cDNA cloning of a germ cell specific lamin B3 from mouse spermatocytes and analysis of its function by ectopic expression in somatic cells. EMBO J 12:97-106.
69. Berezney R, Mortillaro MJ, Ma H, Wei X, Samarabandu J 1995 The nuclear matrix: A structural milieu for genomic function. Int Rev Cytol 162A:1-65.
70. van Wijnen AJ, Bidwell JP, Fey EG, Penman S, Lian JB, Stein JL, Stein GS 1993 Nuclear matrix association of multiple sequence-specific DNA binding activities related to SP-1, ATF, CCAAT, C/EBP, OCT-1, and AP-1. Biochemistry 32:8397-8402.
71. Ruh MF, Dunn R 2nd, Ruh TS 1996 Interrelationships between nuclear structure and ligand-activated intracellular receptors. Crit Rev Eukaryot Gene Expr 6:271-283.
72. Dijkwel PA, Hamlin JL 1995 Origins of replication and the nuclear matrix: the DHFR domain as a paradigm. Int Rev Cytol 162A:455-484.
73. Xing Y, Johnson CV, Dobner PR, Lawrence JB 1993 Higher level organization of individual gene transcription and RNA splicing. Science 259:1326-1330.
74. Herrscher RF, Kaplan MH, Lelsz DL, Das C, Scheuermann R, Tucker PW 1995 The immunoglobin heavy-cahin matrixassociating regions are bound by Bright: A B cell-specific trans-activator that describes a new DNA-binding protein family. Genes Dev 9:3067-3082.
75. Ducy P, Zhang R, Geoffroy V, Ridall AL, Karsenty G 1997 Osf2/Cbfal: A transcriptional activator of osteoblast differentiation. Cell 89:747-754.
76. Dworetzky SI, Fey EG, Penman S, Lian JB, Stein JL, Stein GS 1990 Progressive changes in the protein composition of the nuclear matrix during rat osteoblast differentiation. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 87:4605-4609.
77. Bidwell JP, Fey EG, van Wijnen AJ, Penman S, Stein JL, Lian JB, Stein GS 1994 Nuclear matrix proteins distinguish normal diploid osteoblasts from osteosarcoma cells. Cancer Res 54:28-32.
78. Bidwell J, McCabe R, Rougraff B, Feister H, Fey E, Onyia J, Holden J, Hock J 1997 Tissue matrix protein expression in human osteoblasts, osteosarcoma tumors, and osteosarcoma cell lines. Mol Biol Rep 24:271-282.
79. Getzenberg RH, Konety BR, Oeler TA, Quigley MM, Hakam A, Becich MJ 1996 Bladder cancer-associated nuclear matrix proteins. Cancer Res 56:1690-1694.
80. Khanuja PS, Lehr JE, Soule HD, Gehani SK, Noto AC, Choudhury S, Chen R, Pienta KJ 1993 Nuclear matrix proteins in normal and breast cancer cells. Cancer Res 53:3394-3398.
81. Alberti I, Parodi S, Barboro P, Sanna P, Nicolo G, Allera C, Patrone E, Galli S, Balbi C 1996 Differential nuclear matrixintermediate filament expression in human prostate cancer in respect to benign prostatic hyperplasia. Cancer Lett 109: 193-198.
82. Keesee SK, Briggman JV, Thill G, Wu YJ 1996 Utilization of nuclear matrix proteins for cancer diagnosis. Crit Rev Eukaryot Gene Expr 6:189-214.
83. Davie JR 1995 The nuclear matrix and the regulation of chromatin organization and function. Int Rev Cytol 162A: 191-250.
84. He D, Zeng C, Brinkley BR 1995 Nuclear matrix proteins as structural and functional components of the mitotic apparatus, Int Rev Cytol 162B:1-74.
85. Manuelidis L 1990 A view of interphase chromosomes. Science 250:1533-1540.
86. Cook PR 1995 A chromomeric model for nuclear and chromosome structure. J Cell Sci 108:2927-2935.
87. Saitoh Y, Laemmli UK 1994 Metaphase chromosome structure: Bands arise from a differential folding path of the highly AT-rich scaffold. Cell 76:609-622.
88. Swedlow JR, Agard DA, Sedat JW 1993 Chromosome structure inside the nucleus. Curr Opin Cell Biol 5:412-416.
89. Benbow RM 1992 Chromosome structures. Sci Prog 76: 425-450.
90. Rattner J, Lin CC 1985 Radial loops and helical coils coexist in metaphase chromosomes. Cell 42:291-296.
91. Manuelidis L, Chen TL 1990 A unified model of eukaryotic chromosomes. Cytometry 11:8-25.
92. Boulikas T 1995 Chromatin domains and prediction of MAR sequences. Int Rev Cytol 162A:279-388.
93. Eissenberg JC, Elgin SCR 1991 Boundary functions in the control of gene expression. Trends Genet 7:335-340.
94. Moen PT Jr, Smith KP, Lawrence JB 1995 Compartmentalization of specific pre-mRNA metabolism: An emerging view. Hum Mol Genet 4:1779-1789.
95. Huang S, Spector DL 1996 Intron-dependent recruitment of pre-mRNA splicing factors to sites of transcription. J Cell Biol 133:719-732.
96. Fakan S, Puvion E 1980 The ultrastructural visualization of nuclear and extranucleolar RNA synthesis and distribution. Int Rev Cytol 65:255-299.
97. Xing Y, Johnson CV, Moen PT Jr, NcNeil JA, Lawrence JB 1995 Nonrandom gene organization: Structrual arrangements of specific pre-mRNA transcription and splicing with SC-35 domains. J Cell Biol 131:1635-1647.
98. Spector DL 1990 Higher order nuclear organization: Three-dimensional distribution of small nuclear ribonucleoprotein particles. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 87:147-151.
99. Misteli T, Caceres JF, Spector DL 1997 The dynamics of a pre-mRNA splicing factor in living cells. Nature 387:523-527.
100. Stokes DG, Perry RP 1995 DNA-binding and chromatin localization properties of CHD1. Mol Cell Biol 15:2745-2753.
101. Manuelidis L, Borden J 1988 Reproducible compartmentalization of individual chromosome domains in human CNS cells revealed by in situ hybridization and three-dimensional reconstruction. Chromosoma 96:397-410.
102. Cremer T, Cremer C, Schneider T, Baumann H, Hens L, Kirsch-Volders M 1982 Analysis of chromosome positions in the interphase nucleus of Chinese hamster cells by laser-UV-microirradiaiton experiments. Hum Genet 62:201-209.
103. Lawrence JB, Carter KC, Xing X 1993 Probing functional organization within the nucleus: Is genome structure integrated with RNA metabolism? Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol 58:807-818.
104. Torrungruang K, Feister H, Swartz D, Hancock EB, Hock J, Bidwell J 1997 Parathyroid hormone (PTH) regulates the expression of nuclear mitotic apparatus protein (NUMA) in the osteoblast-like cells ROS 17/2.8. Bone (in press).
105. Feister HA, Swartz D, Odgren PR, Holden J, Hock J, Onyia J, Bidwell JP 1997 Topoisomerase II expression in osseous tissue. J Cell Biochem 67:451-465.
106. Zeng C, He D, Berget SM, Brinkley BR 1994 Nuclear-mitotic apparatus protein: A structural protein interface between the nucleoskeleton and RNA splicing. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 91:1505-1509.
107. Yang CH, Lambie EJ, Snyder M 1992 NuMA: An unusually long coiled-coil related protein in the mammalian nucleus. J Cell Biol 116:1303-1317.
108. Drolet M, Hai-Young W, Liu LF 1994 Role of DNA topoisomerases in transcription. Adv Pharmacol 29A:135-146.
109. Anderson HJ, Roberge M 1992 DNA topoisomerase II: A review of its involvement in chromosome structure, DNA replication, transcription and mitosis. Cell Biol Int Rep 16: 717-723.
110. Giaccone G 1994 DNA topoisomerases and topoisomerase inhibitors. Path Biol 42:346-352.
111. Watanabe M, Tsutsui K, Tsutsui K, Inoue Y 1994 Differential expression of the topoisomerase IIa and IIb mRNAs in developing rat brain. Neurosci Res 19:51-57.
112. Juenke JM, Holden JA 1993 The distribution of DNA topoisomerase II isoforms in differentiated adult mouse tissues. Biochim Biophys Acta 1216:191-196.
113. Capranico G, Tinelli S, Austin CA, Fisher ML, Zunino F 1992 Different patterns of gene expression of topoisomerase II isoforms in differentiated tissues during murine development. Biochim Biophys Acta 1132:43-48.
114. Stein GS, van Wijnen AJ, Stein J, Lian JB, Montecino M 1995 Contributions of nuclear architecture to transcriptional control. Int Rev Cytol 162A:251-278.
115. Churchill MEA, Travers AA 1991 Protein motifs that recognize structural features of DNA. Trends Biochem Sci 16:92-97.
116. Riou JF, Gabillot M, Riou G 1993 Analysis of topoisomerase II-mediated DNA cleavage of the c-myc gene during HL60 differentiation. FEBS Lett 334:369-372.
117. Wang JC, Lynch AS 1993 Transcription and DNA supercoiling. Curr Opin Genet Dev 3:764-768.
118. Wang Z, Dröge P 1996 Differential control of transcription-induced and overall DNA supercoiling by eukaryotic topoisomerases in vitro. EMBO J 15:581-589.
119. Cockerill PN, Garrard WT 1986 Chromosomal loop anchorage of the kappa immunoglobulin gene occurs next to the enhancer in a region containing topoisomerase II sites. Cell 44:273-282.
120. Gasser SM, Laemmli UK 1986 Cohabitation of scaffold binding regions with upstream/enhancer elements of three developmentally regulated genes of D. melanogaster. Cell 46: 521-530.
121. Adachi Y, Kas E, Laemmli UK 1989 Preferential, cooperative binding of DNA topoisomerase II to scaffold-associated regions. EMBO J 8:3997-4006.
122. Kroll DJ, Sullivan DM, Gutierrez-Hartman A, Hoeffler JP 1993 Modification of DNA topoisomerase II activity via direct interactions with the cyclic adenosine-3′,5′-monophosphate response element-binding protein and related transcription factors. Mol Endocrinol 7:305-318.
123. Brou C, Kuhn A, Staub A, Chaudhary S, Grummt I, Davidson I, Tora L 1993 Sequence-specific transactivators counteract topoisomerase II-mediated inhibition of in vitro transcription by RNA polymerases I and II. Nucleic Acids Res 21: 4011-4018.
124. Constantinou AI, Vaughan AT, Yamasaki H, Kamath N 1996 Commitment to erythroid differentiation in mouse erythroleukemia cells is controlled by alterations in topoisomerase II alpha phosphorylation. Cancer Res 56:4192-4199.
125. Sinden RR 1994 DNA Structure and Function. Academic Press, San Diego, CA, U.S.A., pp. 398.
126. Wu HM, Crothers DM 1984 The locus of sequence-directed and protein-induced DNA bending. Nature 308:509-513.
127. Ulanovsky L, Bodner M, Trifonov EN, Choder M 1986 Curved DNA: Design, synthesis, and circularization. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 83:862-866.
128. Ferrari S, Harley VR, Pontiggia A, Goodfellow PN, Lovell-Badge R, Bianchi ME 1992 SRY, like HMG1, recognizes sharp angles in DNA. EMBO J 11:4497-4506.
129. Giese K, Kingsley C, Kirshner JR, Grosschedl R 1995 Assembly and function of a TCRα enhancer complex is dependent on LEF-1-induced DNA bending and multiple protein-protein interactions. Genes Dev 9:995-1008.
130. Falvo JV, Thanos D, Maniatis T 1995 Reversal of intrinsic DNA bends in the IFNβ gene enhancer by transcription factors and the architectural protein HMG I(Y). Cell 83: 1101-1111.
131. Du W, Thanos D, Maniatis T 1993 Mechanisms of transcriptional synergism between distinct virus-inducible enhancer elements. Cell 74:887-898.
132. Thanos D, Maniatis T 1992 The high mobility group protein HMG I(Y) is required for NF-κB-dependent virus induction of the human IFN-β gene. Cell 71:777-789.
133. Giese K, Cox J, Grosschedl R 1992 The HMG domain of lymphoid enhancer factor 1 bends DNA and facilitates assembly of functional nucleoprotein structures. Cell 69:185-195.
134. Giese K, Amsterdam A, Grosschedl R 1991 DNA-binding properties of the HMG domain of the lymphoid-specific transcriptional regulator LEF-1. Genes Dev 5:2567-2578.
135. Waterman M, Fisher W, Jones K 1991 A thymus-specific member of the HMG protein family regulates the human T cell receptor alpha enhancer. Genes Dev 5:656-669.
136. Banerjee C, Hiebert SW, Stein JL, Lian JB, Stein GS 1996 An AML-1 consensus sequence binds an osteoblast-specific complex and transcriptionally activates the osteocalcin gene. Proc Nat Acad Sci USA 93:4968-4973.
137. Geoffroy V, Ducy P, Karsenty G 1995 A PEBP2 alpha/AML-1-related factor increases osteocalcin promoter activity through its binding to an osteoblast-specific cis-acting element. J Biol Chem 270:30973-30979.
138. Alvarez M, Onyia J, Hock J, Long H, Xu W, Bidwell J 1997 Rat osteoblast and osteosarcoma nuclear matrix proteins bind with sequence specificity to the rat type I collagen promoter. Endocrinology 138:482-489.
139. Mundlos S, Otto F, Mundlos C, Muliken JB, Aylsworth AS, Albright S, Lindhout D, Cole WG, Henn W, Know JHM, Owen MJ, Mertelsmann R, Zabel BU 1997 Mutations involving the transcription factor Cbfal cause cleidocranial dysplasia. Cell 89:773-779.
140. Otto F, Thornell AP, Crompton T, Denzel A, Gilmour KC, Rosewell IR, Stamp GWH, Beddington RSP, Mundlos S, Olsen BR, Selby PB, Owen MJ 1997 Cbfa1, a candidate gene for cleidocranial dysplasia syndrome, is essential for osteoblast differentiation and bone development. Cell 89:765-771.
141. Kormori T, Yagi H, Normura S, Yamaguchi A, Sasaki K, Deguchi K, Shimizu Y, Bronson RT, Gao Y-H, Inada M, Sato M, Okamoto R, Kitamura Y, Yoshiki S, Kishimoto T 1997 Targeted disruption of Cbfa1 results in a complete lack of bone formation owing to maturational arrest of osteoblasts. Cell 89:755-764.
142. Bidwell JP, van Wijnen AJ, Fey EG, Dworetzky S, Penman S, Stein JL, Lian JB, Stein GS 1993 Osteocalcin gene promoter-binding factors are tissue-specific nuclear matrix components. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 90:3162-3166.
143. Bedalov A, Salvatori R, Dodig M, Kronenberg MS, Kapural B, Bogdanovic Z, Kream BE, Woody CO, Clark SH, Mack K, Rowe DW, Lichtler AC 1995 Regulation of COL1A1 expression in type I collagen producing tissues: Identification of a 49 base pair region which is required for transgene expression in bone of transgenic mice. J Bone Miner Res 10:1443-1451.
144. Pavlin D, Lichtler AC, Bedalov A, Kream BE, Harrison JR, Thomas HF, Gronowicz GA, Clark SH, Woody CO, Rowe DW 1992 Differential utilization of regulatory domains within the α 1(I) collagen promoter in osseous and fibroblastic cells. J Cell Biol 116:227-236.
145. Bogdanovic Z, Bedalov A, Krebsbach PH, Pavlin D, Woody CO, Clark SH, Thomas HF, Rowe DW, Kream BE, Lichtler AC 1994 Upstream regulatory elements necessary for expression of the rat COL1A1 promoter in transgenic mice. J Bone Miner Res 9:285-292.
146. Alvarez M, Thunyakittpisal P, Morrison P, Onyia J, Hock J, Bidwell J 1997 Parathyroid hormone (PTH) alters osteoblast, nuclear matrix protein binding to the type I collagen promoter. J Bone Miner Res 12:S157.
147. Gustafson TA, Taylor A, Kedes L 1989 DNA bending is induced by a transcription factor that interacts with the human c-fos and α-actin promoters. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 86:2162-2166.
148. Kream BE, LaFrancis D, Petersen DN, Woody C, Clark S, Rowe DW, Lichtler A 1993 Parathyroid hormone represses α1(I) collagen promoter activity in cultured calvariae from neonatal transgenic mice. Mol Endocrinol 7:399-408.
149. Schuchard M, Landers JP, Sandhu NP, Spelsberg TC 1993 Steroid hormone regulation of nuclear proto-oncogenes. Endocr Rev 14:659-669.
150. Konety BR, Schwartz GG, Acierno JS Jr, Becich MJ, Getzenberg RH 1996 The role of vitamin D in normal prostate growth and differentiation. Cell Growth Differ 7:1563-1570.
151. 3-resistant MCF-7 cell line. Endocrinology 137:400-409.
152. Coutts AS, Davie JR, Dotzlaw H, Murphy LC 1996 Estrogen regulation of nuclear matrix-intermediate filament proteins in human breast cancer cells. J Cell Biochem 63:174-184.
153. Lloyd QP, Kuhn MA, Gay CV 1995 Characterization of calcium translocation across the plasma membrane of primary osteoblasts using a lipophilic calcium-sensitive fluorescent dye, calcium green C18. J Biol Chem 270:22445-22451.
154. Bronner F, Stein WD 1992 Modulation of bone calciumbinding sites regulates plasma calcium: An hypothesis. Calcif Tissue Int 50:483-489.
155. Egan JJ, Grononwicz G, Rodan G 1991 Parathyroid hormone promotes the disassembly of cytoskeletal actin and myosin in cultured osteoblastic cells: mediation by cyclic AMP. J Cell Biochem 45:101-111.
156. Ali NN, Melhuish PB, Boyde A, Bennet A, Jones SJ 1990 Parathyroid hormone, but not protaglandin E2, changes the shape of osteoblasts maintained on bone in vitro. J Bone Miner Res 5:115-121.
157. Ferrier J, Ward-Kesthely A, Heersche JN, Aubin JE 1988 Membrane potential changes, cAMP stimulation and contraction in osteoblast-like UMR 106 cells in response to calcitonin and parathyroid hormone. Bone Miner 4:133-145.
158. Pockwinse SM, Stein JL, Lian JB, Stein GS 1995 Developmental stage-specific cellular responses to vitamin D and glucocorticoids during differentiation of the osteoblast phenotype: interrelationship of morphology and gene expression by in situ hybridization. Exp Cell Res 216:244-260.
159. Ingber DE 1993 Cellular tenesgrity: Defining new rules of biological design that govern the cytoskeleton. J Cell Sci 104:613-627.
160. Aubin JE, Alders E, Heersche JMN 1983 A primary role for microfilaments but not microtubules in hormone induced cytoplasmic retraction. Exp Cell Res 143:439-450.
161. Lormi A, Marie PJ 1990 Changes in cytoskeletal proteins in response to parathyroid hormone and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D in human osteoblastic cells. Bone Miner 10:1-12.
162. Bidwell JP, van Wijnen AJ, Banerjee C, Fey EG, Merriman H, Penman S, Stein JL, Lian J, Stein GS 1994 PTH-responsive modifications in the nuclear matrix of ROS 17/2.8 rat osteosarcoma cells. Endocrinology 134:1738-1744.
163. Bidwell J, Feister H, Swartz D, Onyia J, Holden J, Hock J 1996 Parathyroid hormone regulates the expression of rat osteoblast and osteosarcoma nuclear matrix proteins. J Cell Biochem 63:374-383.
164. Guo B, Aslam F, van Wijnen AJ, Roberts SG, Frenkel B, Green MR, DeLuca H, Lian JB, Stein GS, Stein JL 1997 YY1 regulates vitamin D receptor/retinoid X receptor mediated transactivation of the vitamin D responsive osteocalcin gene. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 94:121-126.