Assessment of water use for estimating exposure to tap water contaminants

Environmental Health Perspectives

Volumn 106, Issue 2, 1998, Pages 55-59

  Shimokura, Gayle H ^a   Savitz, David A ^a,c   Symanski, Elaine ^b  

^a University of North Carolina ^*  (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS SCHOOL OF PUBLIC HEALTH   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA   (United States)

Author keywords

Bathing; Chlorination by products; Chloroform; Exposure assessment; Pregnant women; Showering; Tap water; Tap water consumption; Trihalomethanes

Indexed keywords

CHLOROFORM; DRINKING WATER; TAP WATER; VOLATILE AGENT;

ADULT; AIR POLLUTANT; ARTICLE; BATH; BEVERAGE; CANCER RISK; CHLORINATION; CONTROLLED STUDY; DRINKING BEHAVIOR; EPIDEMIOLOGICAL DATA; FEMALE; FERTILITY; HUMAN; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; PREGNANCY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; QUESTIONNAIRE; SELF REPORT; SKIN ABSORPTION; STATISTICAL ANALYSIS; WATER CONTAMINATION; WORKING TIME;

EID: 0031938835     PISSN: 00916765     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1289/ehp.9810655     Document Type: Article

References (12)

1. Lynch CF, Woolson RF, Cantor KP. Chlorinated drinking water and bladder cancer: effect of misclassification on risk estimates. Arch Environ Health 44:252-259 (1989).
2. Weisel CP, Jo WK. Ingestion, inhalation, and dermal exposures to chloroform and trichloroethana from tap water. Environ Health Perspect 104:48-51 (1996).
3. Ershow AG, Cantor KP, Total water and tap water intake in the United States: population-based estimates of quantities and sources. Life Sciences Research Office Monograph. Bethesda, MD:Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology, 1989.
4. Winer BJ. Statistical Principles in Experimental Design. 3rd ed. New York:McGraw-Hill, 1991.
5. Bland JM, Altman DG. Statistical methods for assessing agreement between two methods of clinical measurement, Lancet 1(8976):307-310 (1986).
6. Assembly of Life Sciences, Safe Drinking Water Committee, Drinking Water and Health. Contract no. 68-01-3139. Washington, DC: National Academy of Sciences, 1977.
7. Willett WC, Nutritional Epidemiology. New York:0xford University, 1990.
8. Rimm EB, Giovannucci EL, Stampfer MJ, Colditz GA, Litin LB, Willett WC. Reproducibility and validity of an expanded self-administered semiquantititative food frequency questionnaire among male health professionals. Am J Epidemiol 135:1114-1126 (1992).
9. Hertz-Picciotto I, Swan SH, Neutra RR, Samuels SJ. Spontaneous abortions in relation to consumption of tap water: an application of methods from survival analysis to a pregnancy follow-up study. Am J Epidemiol 130:79-83 (1989).
10. Sharrett AR, Carter AP, Orheim RM, Feinleib M. Daily intake of lead, cadmium, copper, and zinc from drinking water: the Seattle study of trace metal exposure. Environ Res 28:456-475 (1982).
11. Ershow AG, Brown LM, Cantor KP. Intake of tap water and total water by pregnant and lactating women. Am J Public Health 81:328-334 (1991).
12. U.S. Department of Agriculture. Nationwide Food Consumption Survey: Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals, Women 19-50 Years and Their Children 15 Years, 1 Day, NFCS, CSFII Report 86-1. Hyattsville, MD:Nutrition Monitoring Division, Human Nutrition Information Service, 1987.