Bone density in children: A review of the available techniques and indications

European Journal of Radiology

Volumn 26, Issue 2, 1998, Pages 177-182

  Gilsanz, Vicente ^a  

^a CHILDREN S HOSPITAL LOS ANGELES   (United States)

Author keywords

Bone measurements; Children; Dual energy X ray absorptiometry; Quantitative computed tomography; Quantitative ultrasound

Indexed keywords

BIOMECHANICS; COMPUTERIZED TOMOGRAPHY; HUMAN ENGINEERING; ORTHOPEDICS; ULTRASONIC APPLICATIONS;

BONE DENSITY; BONE MEASUREMENT; CHILDREN; DUAL ENERGY X RAY ABSORPTIOMETRY; QUANTITATIVE COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY; QUANTITATIVE ULTRASOUND;

BONE;

BONE DENSITY; BONE MASS; BONE RADIOGRAPHY; BONE SCINTISCANNING; CHILD; COMPARATIVE STUDY; COMPUTER ASSISTED TOMOGRAPHY; COST EFFECTIVENESS ANALYSIS; DUAL ENERGY X RAY ABSORPTIOMETRY; FRACTURE; HUMAN; IMAGE ANALYSIS; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW;

EID: 0031938374     PISSN: 0720048X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0720-048X(97)00093-4     Document Type: Article

References (52)

1. [1] Weiner S, Traub W. Bone structure: from angstroms to microns. FASEB J 1992;6:879-85.
2. [2] Lachman E. Osteoporosis: the potentialities and limitations of its radiologic diagnosis. Am J Radiol 1985;4:712-7.
3. [3] Kovanlikaya A, Loro ML, Hangartner TN, Reynolds RA, Roe TF, Gilsanz V. Osteopenia in children: CT assessment. Radiology 1996;198:781-4.
4. [4] Mayo-Smith W, Rosenthal DI. Radiographic appearance of osteopenia. Radiol Clin North Am 1991;29:37-47.
5. [5] Heaney RP, Matkovic V. Inadequate peak bone mass. In: Riggs B, Melton LJ III, editors. Osteoporosis, Etiology, Diagnosis and Management. 2nd ed. Philadelphia: Raven, 1995:115-131.
6. [6] Sartoris DJ, Resnick D. Dual-energy radiographic absorptiometry for bone densitometry: current status and perspective. Am J Roentgenol 1989;152:241-6.
7. [7] Kalender WA. Effective dose values in bone mineral measurements by photon absorptiometry and computed tomography. Osteoporosis Int 1992;2:82-7.
8. [8] Lewis MK, Blake GM, Fogelman I. Patient dose in dual X-ray absorptiometry. Osteoporosis Int 1994;4:11-5.
9. [9] del Rio L, Carrascosa A, Pons F, Gusinyé M, Yeste D, Domenech FM. Bone mineral density of the lumbar spine in white mediterranean spanish children and adolescents: changes related to age, sex, and puberty. Pediatr Res 1994;35:362-6.
10. [10] Kröger H, Kotaniemi A, Kröger L, Alhava E. Development of bone mass and bone density of the spine and femoral neck - a prospective study of 65 children and adolescents. Bone Miner 1993;23:171-82.
11. [11] Zanchetta JR, Plotkin H, Alvarez Filgueira ML. Bone mass in children: normative values for the 2-20-year-old population. Bone 1995;14:3S-399S.
12. [12] Braillon PM, Salle BL, Brunet J, Glorieux FH, Delmas PD, Meunier PJ. Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry measurement of bone mineral content in newborns: validation of the technique. Pediatr Res 1992;32:77-80.
13. [13] Koo WWK, Massom LR, Walters J. Validation of accuracy and.precision of dual energy X-ray absorptiometry for infants. J Bone Miner Res 1995;10:1111-5.
14. [14] Venkataraman P, Ahluwalia BW. Total bone mineral content and body composition by X-ray densitometry in newborns. Pediatrics 1992;90:767-70.
15. [15] Genant HK. Letter to the editor: universal standardization for dual X-ray absorptiometry: patient and phantom cross-calibration results. J Bone Miner Res 1995;10:997-8.
16. [16] Lapillonne AA, Glorieux FH, Salle BL, Braillon PM, Chambon M, Rigo J, Putet G, Senterre J. Mineral balance and whole body bone mineral content in very low-birth-weight infants. Acta Paediatr Suppl 1994;405:117-22.
17. [17] Chan GM. Performance of dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in evaluating bone, lean body mass, and fat in pediatric subjects. J Bone Miner Res 1992;7:369-74.
18. [18] Rupich RC, Specker BL, Lieuw-A-Fa M, Ho M. Gender and race differences in bone mass during infancy. Calcif Tissue Int 1996;58:395-7.
19. [19] Kröger H, Kotaniemi A, Vainio P, Alhava E. Bone densitometry of the spine and femur in children by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Bone Miner 1992;17:75-85.
20. [20] Plotkin H, Núñez ML, Af ML, Zanchetta JR. Lumbar spine bone density in Argentine children. Calcif Tissue Int 1996;58:144-9.
21. [21] Bonjour JP, Theintz G, Buchs B, Slosman D, Rizzoli R. Critical years and stages of puberty for spinal and femoral bone mass accumulation during adolescence. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1991;73:555-63.
22. [22] Faulkner RA, Bailey DA, Drinkwater DT, McKay HA, Arnold C, Wilkinson AA. Bone densitometry in Canadian children 8-17 years of age. Calcif Tissue Int 1996;59:344-51.
23. [23] Faulkner RA, Bailey DA, Drinkwater DT, Wilkinson AA, Houston CS, McKay HA. Regional and total body bone mineral content, bone mineral density, and total body tissue composition in children 8-16 years of age. Calcif Tissue Int 1993;53:7-12.
24. [24] Glastre C, Braillon P, David L, Cochat P, Meunier PJ, Delmas PD. Measurement of bone mineral content of the lumbar spine by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry in normal children: correlations with growth parameters. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1990;70:1330-3.
25. [25] Lu PW, Briody JN, Ogle GD, Morley K, Humphries IRJ, Allen J, Howman-Giles R, Sillence D, Cowell CT. Bone mineral density of total body, spine, and femoral neck in children and young adults: a cross-sectional and longitudinal study. J Bone Miner Res 1994;9:1451-8.
26. [26] Moreira-Andrés MN, Cañizo FJ, Papapietro K, Rejas J, Hawkins FG. Comparison between spinal and radial bone mineral density in children measured by X-ray absorptiometry. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 1995;8:35-41.
27. [27] Southard RN, Morris JD, Mahan JD, Hayes JR, Torch MA, Sommer A, Zipf WB. Bone mass in healthy children: measurement with quantitative DXA. Radiology 1991;179:735-8.
28. [28] Tsukahara H, Sudo M, Umezaki M, Hiraoka M, Yamamoto K, Ishii Y, Haruki S. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in the lumbar spine, proximal femur and distal radius in children. Pediatr Radiol 1992;22:560-2.
29. [29] Katzman DK, Bachrach LK, Carter DR, Marcus R. Clinical and anthropometric correlates of bone mineral acquisition in healthy adolescent girls. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1991;73:1332-9.
30. [30] Theintz G, Buchs B, Rizzoli R, Slosman D, Clavien H, Sizonenko PC, Bonjour JP. Longitudinal monitoring of bone mass accumulation in healthy adolescents: evidence for a marked reduction after 16 years of age at the levels of lumbar spine and femoral neck in female subjects. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1992;75:1060-5.
31. [31] Moro M, van der Meulen MCH, Kiratli BJ, Marcus R, Bachrach LK, Carter DR. Body mass is the primary determinant of midfemoral bone acquisition during adolescent growth. Bone Miner 1996;19:519-26.
32. [32] Bell NH, Shary J, Stevens J, Garza M, Gordon L, Edwards J. Demonstration that bone mass is greater in black than in white children. J Bone Miner Res 1991;6:719-23.
33. [33] Bhudhikanok GS, Wang MC, Eckert K, Matkin C, Marcus R, Bachrach L. Differences in bone mineral in young Asian and Caucasian Americans may reflect differences in bone size. J Bone Miner Res 1996;11:1545-56.
34. [34] Carter DR, Bouxsein ML, Marcus R. New approaches for interpreting projected bone densitometry data. J Bone Miner Res 1992;7:137-45.
35. [35] Hangartner T. Influence of fat on bone measurements with dual-energy absorptiometry. Bone Miner 1990;9:71-8.
36. [36] Koo WW, Walters J, Bush AJ. Technical considerations of dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry-based bone mineral measurements for pediatric subjects. J Bone Miner Res 1995;10:1998-2004.
37. [37] Gilsanz V, Kovanlikaya A, Costin G, Roe TF, Sayre J, Kaufman F. Differential effect of gender on the size of the bones in the axial and appendicular skeletons. J Clin End Metab 1996 (in press).
38. [38] Dyson ED, Jackson CK, Whitehouse WJ. Scanning electron microscope studies of human trabecular bone. Nature 1970;225:957-9.
39. [39] Genant HK, Engelke K, Fuerst T. Noninvasive assessment of bone mineral and structure: state of the art. J Bone Miner Res 1996;11:707-30.
40. [40] Hangartner T, Gilsanz V. Evaluation of cortical bone by computed tomography. J Bone Miner Res 1996;11:1518-25.
41. [41] Gong JK, Arnold JS, Cohn SH. Composition of trabecular and cortical bone. Anat Rec 1964;149(2):325-31.
42. [42] Cann CE. Why, when and how to measure bone mass: a guide for the beginning user. In: Frey GD, Yester MV, editors. Expanding the Role of Medical Physics in Nuclear Medicine. American Physics Institute Washington DC, 1991:250-279.
43. [43] Gilsanz V, Gibbens DT, Roe TF, Carlson M, Senac MO, Boechat MI, Huang HK, Schulz EE, Libanati CR, Cann CC. Vertebral bone density in children: effect of puberty. Radiology 1988;166:847-50.
44. [44] Gilsanz V, Gibbens DT, Carlson M, Boechat MI, Cann CE, Schulz EE. Peak trabecular vertebral density: a comparison of adolescent and adult females. Calcif Tissue Int 1988;43:260-2.
45. [45] Gilsanz V, Roe TF, Mora S, Costin G, Goodman WG. Changes in vertebral bone density in black girls and white girls during childhood and puberty. N Engl J Med 1991;325:1597-600.
46. [46] Gilsanz V, Boechat MI, Roe TF, Loro ML, Sayre JW, Goodman WG. Gender differences in vertebral body sizes in children and adolescents. Radiology 1994;190:673-7.
47. [47] Gilsanz V, Boechat MI, Gilsanz R, Loro ML, Roe TF, Goodman WG. Gender differences in vertebral sizes in adults: biomechanical implications. Radiology 1994;190:678-82.
48. [48] Jaworski M, Lebiedowski M, Lorenc RS, Trempe J. Ultrasound bone measurement in pediatric subjects. Calcif Tissue Int 1995;56:368-71.
49. [49] Lappe JM, Recker RR, Malleck MK, Stegmane MR, Packard PP, Heaney RP. Patellar ultrasound transmission velocity in healthy children and adolescents. Bone 1995;16:251S-6S.
50. [50] Mughal MZ, Langton CM, Utretch G, Morrison J, Specker BL. Comparison between broad-band ultrasound attenuation of the calcaneum and total body bone mineral density in children. Acta Paediatr 1996;85:663-5.
51. [51] Schönau E, Radermacher A, Wentzlik U, Klein K, Michalk D. The determination of ultrasound velocity in the os calcis, thumb and patella during childhood. Eur J Pediatr 1994;153:252-6.
52. [52] Gluer CC, Cummings SR, Bauer DC, Stone K, Pressman A, Mathur A, Genant HK. Osteoporosis: association of recent fractures with quantitative US findings. Radiology 1996;199:725-32.