The cytokine storm in multiple sclerosis

Multiple Sclerosis

Volumn 4, Issue 1, 1998, Pages 12-15

  Link, Hans ^a  

^a KAROLINSKA UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL   (Sweden)

Author keywords

Cerebrospinal fluid; Cytokines; In situ hybridization; Multiple sclerosis; Perforin; Transforming growth factor beta

Indexed keywords

CYTOKINE; GAMMA INTERFERON; INTERLEUKIN 10; INTERLEUKIN 12; INTERLEUKIN 6; LYMPHOTOXIN; PERFORIN; TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR BETA; TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR ALPHA;

HUMAN; MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS; SHORT SURVEY;

EID: 0031933496     PISSN: 13524585     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/135245859800400104     Document Type: Short Survey

References (13)

1. Diab A et al. (1997) High IL-6 and low IL-10 in the CNS is associated with chronic EAE in Lewis rats. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol. (In press).
2. Issazadeh S et al. (1995) Cytokine production in the CNS of Lewis rats with EAE: Dynamics of mRNA expression for IL-10, IL-12, cytolysin, TNF-α and β. J Neuroimmunol 61: 205-212.
3. Kivisäkk P et al. (1997) Optic neuritis and cytokines: No relation to MRI abnormalities and oligoclonal bands. Neurology (In press)
4. Link J. (1994) IFN-γ, IL-4 and TGF-β mRNA expression in multiple sclerosis and myasthenia gravis. Acta Neurol Scand 90, (Suppl) 158: 1-58.
5. Navikas V et al. (1995) Increased mRNA expression of IL-10 in mononuclear cells in multiple sclerosis and optic neuritis. Scand J Immunol 41: 171-178.
6. Navikas V et al. (1996) Augmented expression of tumor necrosis factor-α and lymphotoxin mRNA in mononuclear cells in multiple sclerosis and optic neuritis. Brain 119: 213-223.
7. Navikas V, Link H. (1996) Cytokines and the pathogenesis of MS. J Neurosci Res 45: 322-333.
8. Panitch HS, Hirsch L, Schindler J, Johnson KP. (1987) Treatment of MS with gamma IFN: Exacerbations associated with activation of the immune system. Neurology 37: 1097-1102.
9. Rieckmann P et al. (1994) Cytokine mRNA levels in mononuclear cells from patients with multiple sclerosis. Neurology 44: 1523-1526.
10. Scolding NJ, Jones J, Compston DAS, Morgan BP. (1990) Oligodendrocyte susceptibility to injury by T cell perform. Immunology 70: 6-10.
11. Sharief MK, Hentges R. (1991) Association between tumor necrosis factor-α and disease progression in patients with multiple sclerosis. N Engl J Med 325: 467-472.
12. Wang W-Z et al. (1992) Myelin antigen reactive T cells in cerebrovascular diseases. Clin Exp Immunol 88: 157-162.
13. Xiao B-G et al. (1997) Shift from anti- to proinflammatory cytokine patterns in microglia through LPS- or IFN-γ-mediated pathways. Neuroreport. (In press)