Survey on drugs-of-abuse testing in the European union

Journal of Analytical Toxicology

Volumn 22, Issue 2, 1998, Pages 117-126

  Badia, Roser ^a   Segura, Jordi ^a   Artola, Anna ^a   De La Torre, Rafael ^a  

^a UNIVERSITAT AUTÒNOMA DE BARCELONA   (Spain)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AMPHETAMINE DERIVATIVE; CANNABINOID; COCAINE; ILLICIT DRUG; METHADONE; OPIATE;

ARTICLE; CONTROLLED STUDY; DRUG ABUSE; DRUG IDENTIFICATION; DRUG SCREENING; DRUG URINE LEVEL; EUROPEAN UNION; FLUORESCENCE POLARIZATION IMMUNOASSAY; GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY; HUMAN; LABORATORY; MASS SPECTROMETRY; QUALITY CONTROL; QUANTITATIVE ASSAY; STANDARD; URINALYSIS;

EID: 0031932722     PISSN: 01464760     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/jat/22.2.117     Document Type: Article

References (16)

1. S.D. Ferrara and F.J.C. Garcia. Psychotropic drugs, organization and role of the laboratory. In Psychoactive Drugs and Health Problems. J. Indapaan-Heikkila, H. Ghodse, and I. Khan, Eds. The National Board of Health, The Government of Finland, Helsinki, Finland, 1987, pp 100-139.
2. J. Segura, R. de la Torre, M. Congost, and J. Camí. Proficiency testing on drugs of abuse: one year's experience in Spain. Clin. Chem. 35: 879-883 (1989).
3. J.F. Wilson, J. Williams, G. Walker, P.A. Toseland, B.L. Smith, A. Richens, and D. Burnett. Performance of techniques used to detect drugs of abuse in urine: study based on external quality assessment. Clin. Chem. 37: 442-447 (1991).
4. Conclusions du Conseil et des Ministres de la Santé des Etats membres, réunies au sein du Conseil du 16 mai 1989 concernant la fiabilité des analyses de liquides corporels pour déceler l'usage de drogues illicites, Journal officiel des Communautés Européennes, 89/C, 185/2, 22 Juillet 1989.
5. Commission of the European Community questionnaire on the legal context and governmental regulations of the testing body fluids to detect the use of illicit drugs in the EU Member States, Luxembourg, 1993.
6. Compendium of facilities for drugs of abuse testing and general analytical toxicology in the European Community. R.A. de Zeeuw, J.P. Franke, and M.T. van der Venne Eds. 1995 Report EUR 15980 EN, Luxembourg, 1995.
7. A. Solans, M. Carnicero, R. de la Torre, and J. Segura. Comprehensive screening procedure for detection of stimulants, narcotics, adrenergic drugs, and their metabolites in human urine. J. Anal. Toxicol. 19: 104-114 (1995).
8. M. Congost, R. de la Torre, and J. Segura. Optimization of the quantitative analysis of the major cannabis metabolite (11nor-9-COOH-tetrahydrocannabinol) in urine by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Biomed. Environ. Mass Spectrom. 16: 367-372 (1988).
9. A. Solans, R. de la Torre, and J. Segura. Determination of morphine and codeine in urine by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal. 8: 905-909 (1990).
10. M.L. González-Merino, M. Carnicero, R. de la Torre, J. Ortuño, and J. Segura. Influence of the injection technique on the thermal degradation of cocaine and its metabolites in gas chromatography. J. Chromatogr. B. 664: 317-327 (1995).
11. R. Badia, R. de la Torre, A. Artola, R. Herrera, and J. Segura. Evaluation of six years experience in a proficiency testing program on drugs of abuse in spain. In Contributions to Forensic Toxicology. R.K. Mueller, Ed. Molina Press, Leipzig, Germany, 1994, pp 23-28.
12. K.H. Davis, R.L. Hawks, and R.V. Blanke. Assessment of laboratory quality in urine drug testing. J. Am. Med. Assoc. 12: 1749-1754 (1988).
13. H. J. Hansen. S.P. Caudill, and J. Boone. Crisis in drug testing. Results of CDC blind study. J. Am. Med. Assoc. 253: 2382-2387 (1985).
14. National Institute on Drug Abuse and Department of Health and Human Services; Mandatory guidelines for federal workplace drug testing programs. Federal Register 1988; 53/69 (April 11).
15. TIAFT Committee on systematic toxicological analysis and guidelines. Proposed laboratory guidelines for toxicological analysis. TIAFT Bulletin, January, 1993.
16. R. de la Torre, J. Segura, S. Corcione, and the Toxicology Experts Working Group. Recommendations for the reliable detection of illicit drugs in urine in the European Union, with special attention to the workplace (in press).