Wood ants and a geometrid defoliator of birch: Predation outweighs beneficial effects through the host plant

Oecologia

Volumn 113, Issue 4, 1998, Pages 509-516

  Karhu, Kari J ^a   Neuvonen, Seppo ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF TURKU   (Finland)

Author keywords

Ant plant interactions; Betula pubescens subsp. czerepanovii; Epirrita autumnata; Formica aquilonia; Tritrophic interactions

Indexed keywords

ANT; BIRCH; GROWTH RATE;

EID: 0031929240     PISSN: 00298549     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s004420050403     Document Type: Article

References (40)

1. Ayres MP, MacLean SF Jr (1987a) Development of birch leaves and the growth energetics of Epirrita autumnata (Geometridae). Ecology 68:558-568
2. Ayres MP, MacLean SF Jr (1987b) Molt as a component of insect development: Galerucella sagittariae (Chrysomelidae) and Epirrita autumnata (Geometridae). Oikos 48:273-279
3. Ayres MP, Suomela J, MacLean SF Jr (1987) Growth performance of Epirrita autumnata (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) on mountain birch: trees, broods, and tree × brood interactions. Oecologia 74:450-457
4. Culver DC, Beattie AJ (1983) Effects of ant mounds on soil chemistry and vegetation patterns in a Colorado montane meadow. Ecology 64:458-492
5. Gösswald K (1990) Die Waldameise, band 2. Die Waldameise im Ökosystem Wald, ihr Nutzen und ihre Hege. Aula, Wiesbaden
6. Grimalsky VI (1960) O roli ryzhih lesnyh murav'ev (Formica rufa L.) v lesnyh biocenozah na Levoberezhnom Poles'e Ukrainy (Summary: On the role of the ant Formica rufa L. in forest biocoenoses in the Eastern Polessye of the Ukraine). Zool Zh 29:394-398
7. Haag RW (1974) Nutrient limitations to plant production in two tundra communities. Can J Bot 52:103-116
8. Haukioja E, Suomela J, Neuvonen S (1985) Long-term inducible resistance in birch foliage: triggering cues and efficacy on a defoliator. Oecologia 65:363-369
9. Haukioja E, Pakarinen E, Niemelä P, Iso-Iivari L (1988) Crowding-triggered phenotypic responses alleviate consequences of crowding in Epirrita autumnata (Lep., Geometridae) Oecologia 75:549-558
10. Hunter MD, Price PW (1992) Playing chutes and ladders: heterogeneity and the relative roles of bottom-up and top-down forces in natural communities. Ecology 73:724-732
11. Kallio P, Lehtonen J (1973) Birch forest damage caused by Oporinia autumnata (Bkh.) in 1965-66 in Utsjoki, N Finland. Rep Kevo Subarct Res Stn 10:55-69
12. Koponen S, Hanhimäki S (1989) Crab spiders hunting geometrid larvae through gauze bags. Mem Soc Fauna Flora Fenn 65:137-139
13. Kytö M, Niemelä P, Larsson S (1996) Insects on trees: population and individual response to fertilization. Oikos 75:148-159
14. Laine KJ, Niemelä P (1980) The influence of ants on the survival of mountain birches during an Oporinia autumnata (Lep., Geometridae) outbreak. Oecologia 47:39-42
15. Laine KJ, Niemelä P (1989) Nests and nest sites of red wood ants (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) in Subarctic Finland. Ann Entomol Fenn 55:81-87
16. Laitakari E (1935) Koivun juuristo (Summary: The root system of birch Betula verrucosa and odorata). Acta For Fenn 41(2):1-216
17. Larsson S (1989) Stressful times for the plant stress - insect performance hypothesis. Oikos 56:277-283
18. Larsson S, Björkman C (1993) Performance of chewing and phloem-feeding insects on stressed trees. Scand J For Res 8:550-559
19. Lehtonen J, Heikkinen RK (1995) On the recovery of mountain birch after Epirrita damage in Finnish Lapland, with a particular emphasis on reindeer grazing. Ecoscience 2:349-356
20. Lobry de Bruyn LA, Conacher AJ (1990) The role of termites and ants in soil modification: a review. Aust J Soil Res 28:55-93
21. Malozemova LA, Koruma NP (1973) O vliyanii murav'ev na pochvu (Effect of ants on soil). Ekologiya 4:450-452
22. Maynard DG, Kalra YP (1993) Nitrate and exchangeable ammonium nitrogen. In: Carter MR (ed) Soil sampling and methods of analysis. Lewis, Boca Raton, pp 25-38
23. Neuvonen S, Lindgren M (1987) The effect of simulated acid rain on the performance of the aphid Euceraphis betulae (Koch) on silver birch. Oecologia 74:77-80
24. Neuvonen S, Suomela J, Haukioja E, Lindgren M, Ruohomäki K (1990) Ecological effects of simulated acid rain in a subarctic area with low ambient sulphur deposition. In: Kauppi P, Anttila P, Kenttämies K (eds) Acidification in Finland. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, pp 477-493
25. Niemelä P, Laine KJ (1986) Green islands-predation not nutrition. Oecologia 68:476-478
26. Oinonen EA (1956) Kallioiden muurahaisista ja niiden osuudesta kallioiden metsittymiseen Etelä-Suomessa (Summary: On the ants of the rocks and their contribution to the afforestation of rokcs in southern Finland). Acta Entomol Fenn 12:1-212
27. Price PW (1991) The plant vigor hypothesis and herbivore attack. Oikos 62:244-251
28. Rosengren R, Fortelius W, Lindström K, Luther A (1987) Phenology and causation of nest heating and thermoregulation in red wood ants of the Formica rufa group studied in coniferous forest habitats in southern Finland. Ann Zool Fenn 24:147-155
29. Salick J, Herrera R, Jordan CF (1983) Termitaria: nutritional patchiness in nutrient-deficient rain forests. Biotropica 15:1-7
30. Sokal RR, Rohlf FJ (1981) Biometry. The principles and practice of statistics in biological research, 2nd edn. Freeman, New York
31. Sundström L (1993) Foraging responses of Formica truncorum (Hymenoptera; Formicidae); exploiting stable vs spatially and temporally variable resources. Insectes Soc 40:147-161
32. Suomela J, Nilson A (1994) Within-tree and among-tree variation in growth of Epirrita autumnata on mountain birch leaves. Ecol Entomol 19:45-56
33. Tenow O (1972) The outbreaks of Oporinia autumnata (Bkh.) and Operophthera spp. (Lep., Geometridae) in the Scandinavian mountain chain and northern Finland 1862-1968. Zool Bidr Uppsala Suppl 2:1-107
34. Tilman D (1978) Cherries, ants and tent caterpillars: timing of nectar production in relation to susceptibility of catrepillars to ant predation. Ecology 59:686-692
35. Torgersen TR, Mason RR, Campbell RW (1990) Predation by birds and ants on two forest insect pests in the Pacific North-west. Stud Avian Biol 13:14-19
36. Way MJ, Khoo KC (1992) Role of ants in pest management. Annu Rev Entomol 37:479-503
37. White TCR (1984) The abundance of invertebrate herbivores in relation to the availability of nitrogen in stressed food plants. Oecologia 63:90-105
38. White TCR (1985) Green islands - nutrition not predation - an alternative hypothesis. Oecologia 67:455-456
39. Whittaker JB (1991) Effects of ants on temperate woodland trees. In: Huxley CR, Cutler DF (eds) Ant-plant interactions. Oxford University Press, Oxford, pp 67-79
40. Woodell SRJ, King TJ (1991) The influence of mound-building ants on British lowland vegetation. In: Huxley CR, Cutler DF (eds) Ant-plant interactions. Oxford University Press, Oxford, pp 521-535