메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 53, Issue 4, 1998, Pages 302-307

Pathogenesis of lower respiratory tract infections due to Chlamydia, Mycoplasma, Legionella and viruses

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CHLAMYDIACEAE; HISTOPATHOLOGY; LEGIONELLA; LOWER RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTION; MYCOPLASMA; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; VIRUS INFECTION; VIRUS VIRULENCE;

EID: 0031924891     PISSN: 00406376     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1136/thx.53.4.302     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (53)

References (93)
  • 1
    • 58149408616 scopus 로고
    • The etiologic and epidemiologic spectrum of bronchiolitis in pediatric practice
    • Henderson FW, Clyde WA, Collier AM, et al. The etiologic and epidemiologic spectrum of bronchiolitis in pediatric practice. J Pediatr 1979;95:183 90.
    • (1979) J Pediatr , vol.95 , pp. 183-190
    • Henderson, F.W.1    Clyde, W.A.2    Collier, A.M.3
  • 2
    • 0029052689 scopus 로고
    • The clinical impact of human respiratory virus infections
    • Denny FW. The clinical impact of human respiratory virus infections. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1995;152:s4 12.
    • (1995) Am J Respir Crit Care Med , vol.152
    • Denny, F.W.1
  • 3
    • 0014984672 scopus 로고
    • Mycoplasma pneumoniae disease: Clinical spectrum, pathophysiology, epidemiology and control
    • Denny FW, Clyde WA, Glezen WP. Mycoplasma pneumoniae disease: clinical spectrum, pathophysiology, epidemiology and control. J Infect Dis 1971;123:74 92.
    • (1971) J Infect Dis , vol.123 , pp. 74-92
    • Denny, F.W.1    Clyde, W.A.2    Glezen, W.P.3
  • 4
    • 0027431507 scopus 로고
    • Evidence that Chlamydia penumoniae causes pneumonia and bronchitis
    • Grayston JT, Aldous MB, Easton A, et al. Evidence that Chlamydia penumoniae causes pneumonia and bronchitis. J Infect Dis 1993;168:1231 5.
    • (1993) J Infect Dis , vol.168 , pp. 1231-1235
    • Grayston, J.T.1    Aldous, M.B.2    Easton, A.3
  • 5
    • 0028256014 scopus 로고
    • Chlamydia pneumoniac (TWAR): A common agent in acute bronchitis
    • Falck G, Heyman L, Gnarpe J, et al. Chlamydia pneumoniac (TWAR): a common agent in acute bronchitis. Scand J Infect Dis 1994;26:179 87.
    • (1994) Scand J Infect Dis , vol.26 , pp. 179-187
    • Falck, G.1    Heyman, L.2    Gnarpe, J.3
  • 6
    • 0025837626 scopus 로고
    • Association of Chlamydia pneumoniae (Strain TWAR) infection with wheezing, asthmatic bronchitis, adult-onset asthma
    • Hahn DI., Dodge RW, Golubjatnikov R. Association of Chlamydia pneumoniae (Strain TWAR) infection with wheezing, asthmatic bronchitis, adult-onset asthma. JAMA 1991;266:225 30.
    • (1991) JAMA , vol.266 , pp. 225-230
    • Hahn, D.I.1    Dodge, R.W.2    Golubjatnikov, R.3
  • 7
    • 0015011436 scopus 로고
    • Bronchiolitis obliterans, bronchiectasis, and other sequelae of adenovirus type 21 infection in young children
    • Becroft DMO. Bronchiolitis obliterans, bronchiectasis, and other sequelae of adenovirus type 21 infection in young children. J Clin Pathol 1971;24:72 82.
    • (1971) J Clin Pathol , vol.24 , pp. 72-82
    • Becroft, D.M.O.1
  • 8
    • 0017642930 scopus 로고
    • Clinical course, management and long-term sequelae of respiratory failure due to influenza viral pneumonia
    • Winterbauer RH, Ludwig WR, Hamman SP. Clinical course, management and long-term sequelae of respiratory failure due to influenza viral pneumonia. Johns Hopkins Med J 1977;141:148 55.
    • (1977) Johns Hopkins Med J , vol.141 , pp. 148-155
    • Winterbauer, R.H.1    Ludwig, W.R.2    Hamman, S.P.3
  • 9
    • 0023022245 scopus 로고
    • Childhood respiratory infection and adult chronic bronchitis in England and Wales
    • Barker DJP, Osmond C. Childhood respiratory infection and adult chronic bronchitis in England and Wales. BMJ 1980;293:1271 8.
    • (1980) BMJ , vol.293 , pp. 1271-1278
    • Barker, D.J.P.1    Osmond, C.2
  • 10
    • 0023204671 scopus 로고
    • Pulmonary fibrosis following pneumonia due to acute Legionnaires' disease
    • Chastre J, Raghu G, Soler P, et al. Pulmonary fibrosis following pneumonia due to acute Legionnaires' disease. Chest 1987;91:57 62.
    • (1987) Chest , vol.91 , pp. 57-62
    • Chastre, J.1    Raghu, G.2    Soler, P.3
  • 11
    • 0019350582 scopus 로고
    • Mycoplasmas as agents of human disease
    • Cassell GH, Cole BC. Mycoplasmas as agents of human disease. N Engl J Med 1981;304:80-9.
    • (1981) N Engl J Med , vol.304 , pp. 80-89
    • Cassell, G.H.1    Cole, B.C.2
  • 12
    • 0019474134 scopus 로고
    • Atopy does not predispose to RSV bronhiolitis or postbronchiolitic wheezing
    • Sims DG, Gardner PS, Weightman D, et al. Atopy does not predispose to RSV bronhiolitis or postbronchiolitic wheezing. BMJ 1981;282:2086 8.
    • (1981) BMJ , vol.282 , pp. 2086-2088
    • Sims, D.G.1    Gardner, P.S.2    Weightman, D.3
  • 13
    • 0028956591 scopus 로고
    • Asthma and immunoglobulin e antibodies alter respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis: A prospective cohort study with matched controls
    • Sigurs N, Bjarnason R, Sigurbergsson F, et al. Asthma and immunoglobulin E antibodies alter respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis: a prospective cohort study with matched controls. J Pediatr 1995;95:500 5.
    • (1995) J Pediatr , vol.95 , pp. 500-505
    • Sigurs, N.1    Bjarnason, R.2    Sigurbergsson, F.3
  • 14
    • 0025170510 scopus 로고
    • Acute bronchitis in the community: Clinical features, infective factors, changes in pulmonary function and bronchial reactivity to histamine
    • Boldy DAR, Skidmore SJ, Ayres JG. Acute bronchitis in the community: clinical features, infective factors, changes in pulmonary function and bronchial reactivity to histamine. Rcspir Med 1990;84:377 85.
    • (1990) Rcspir Med , vol.84 , pp. 377-385
    • Boldy, D.A.R.1    Skidmore, S.J.2    Ayres, J.G.3
  • 15
    • 0028080077 scopus 로고
    • Respiratory infection with Chlamydia pneumoniae in middle-aged and older adult outpatients
    • Thom DH, Grayston JT, Campbell LA, et al. Respiratory infection with Chlamydia pneumoniae in middle-aged and older adult outpatients. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 1994; 13:785 92.
    • (1994) Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis , vol.13 , pp. 785-792
    • Thom, D.H.1    Grayston, J.T.2    Campbell, L.A.3
  • 16
    • 0015123903 scopus 로고
    • The Tecumseh study of respiratory illness
    • Monto AS, Cavallaro JJ. The Tecumseh study of respiratory illness. Am J Epidemiol 1971;94:280 -289.
    • (1971) Am J Epidemiol , vol.94 , pp. 280-289
    • Monto, A.S.1    Cavallaro, J.J.2
  • 17
    • 0023411642 scopus 로고
    • Chlamydial and mycoplasmal pneumonias
    • Leigh MW, Clyde WA. Chlamydial and mycoplasmal pneumonias. Semin Respir Infect 1987;2:152-8.
    • (1987) Semin Respir Infect , vol.2 , pp. 152-158
    • Leigh, M.W.1    Clyde, W.A.2
  • 18
    • 0017251547 scopus 로고
    • Attachment of Mycoplasma pneumoniae to respiratory epithelium
    • Powell DA, Hu PC, Wilson M, et al. Attachment of Mycoplasma pneumoniae to respiratory epithelium, Infect Immun 1976,13:956-66.
    • (1976) Infect Immun , vol.13 , pp. 956-966
    • Powell, D.A.1    Hu, P.C.2    Wilson, M.3
  • 19
    • 0024542689 scopus 로고
    • The major human rhinovirus receptor is ICAM-1
    • Greve JM, Davis G, Meyer AM, et al. The major human rhinovirus receptor is ICAM-1. Cell 1989;56:839-47.
    • (1989) Cell , vol.56 , pp. 839-847
    • Greve, J.M.1    Davis, G.2    Meyer, A.M.3
  • 20
    • 0027946866 scopus 로고
    • Persistent chlamydiae: From cell culture to a paradigm for chlamydial pathogenesis
    • Beatty WL, Morrison RP, Byrne GI. Persistent chlamydiae: from cell culture to a paradigm for chlamydial pathogenesis. Microbiol Rev 1994;58:686-99.
    • (1994) Microbiol Rev , vol.58 , pp. 686-699
    • Beatty, W.L.1    Morrison, R.P.2    Byrne, G.I.3
  • 21
    • 0027582287 scopus 로고
    • Bacterial adherence and epithelial cell cytokine production
    • Svanborg C, Agace W, Hedges S, et al. Bacterial adherence and epithelial cell cytokine production. Zbl Bakt 1993;278: 359-64.
    • (1993) Zbl Bakt , vol.278 , pp. 359-364
    • Svanborg, C.1    Agace, W.2    Hedges, S.3
  • 22
    • 0016610158 scopus 로고
    • The destruction of type 2 pneumocytes by airborne influenza PR8-A virus: Its effect on surfactant and lecithin content of the pneumonic lesions of mice
    • Loosli SG, Stinson SF, Ryan DP, et al. The destruction of type 2 pneumocytes by airborne influenza PR8-A virus: its effect on surfactant and lecithin content of the pneumonic lesions of mice. Chest 1975;67(suppl 2):7s-14s.
    • (1975) Chest , vol.67 , Issue.2 SUPPL.
    • Loosli, S.G.1    Stinson, S.F.2    Ryan, D.P.3
  • 23
    • 0021730190 scopus 로고
    • Histopathologic examination and enumeration of polymorphonuclear leukocytes in the nasal mucosa during experimental rhinovirus colds
    • Winther B, Farr B, Turner RB, et al. Histopathologic examination and enumeration of polymorphonuclear leukocytes in the nasal mucosa during experimental rhinovirus colds. Acta Otolaryngol 1984;Suppl 413:19-24.
    • (1984) Acta Otolaryngol , vol.413 , Issue.SUPPL. , pp. 19-24
    • Winther, B.1    Farr, B.2    Turner, R.B.3
  • 24
    • 0016277455 scopus 로고
    • Association of viral and mycoplasma infections with exacerbations of asthma
    • Huhti E, Mokka T, Nikoskelainen J, et al. Association of viral and mycoplasma infections with exacerbations of asthma. Ann Allergy 1974;33:145-9.
    • (1974) Ann Allergy , vol.33 , pp. 145-149
    • Huhti, E.1    Mokka, T.2    Nikoskelainen, J.3
  • 25
    • 0018187984 scopus 로고
    • Airway hyperreactivity and peripheral airway dysfunction in influenza a infection
    • Little JW, Hall WJ, Douglas RG, et al. Airway hyperreactivity and peripheral airway dysfunction in influenza A infection. Am Rev Respir Dis 1978;118:295-303.
    • (1978) Am Rev Respir Dis , vol.118 , pp. 295-303
    • Little, J.W.1    Hall, W.J.2    Douglas, R.G.3
  • 26
    • 0028990124 scopus 로고
    • Community study of role of viral infections in exacerbations of asthma in 9-11 year old children
    • Johnston SL, Pattemore PH, Sanderson G, et al. Community study of role of viral infections in exacerbations of asthma in 9-11 year old children. BMJ 1995,310:1225-9.
    • (1995) BMJ , vol.310 , pp. 1225-1229
    • Johnston, S.L.1    Pattemore, P.H.2    Sanderson, G.3
  • 27
    • 0027525233 scopus 로고
    • Respiratory viruses and exacerbations of asthma in adults
    • Nicholson KG, Kent J, Ireland DC. Respiratory viruses and exacerbations of asthma in adults. BMJ 1993;307:982-6.
    • (1993) BMJ , vol.307 , pp. 982-986
    • Nicholson, K.G.1    Kent, J.2    Ireland, D.C.3
  • 28
    • 0017229586 scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms of bronchial hyperreactivity in normal subjects after upper respiratory tract infection
    • Empey DW, Laitinen LA, Jacobs L, et al. Mechanisms of bronchial hyperreactivity in normal subjects after upper respiratory tract infection. Am Rev Respir Dis 1976;113: 131-9.
    • (1976) Am Rev Respir Dis , vol.113 , pp. 131-139
    • Empey, D.W.1    Laitinen, L.A.2    Jacobs, L.3
  • 29
    • 0019388384 scopus 로고
    • The development of respiratory syncytial virus-specific IgE and the release of histamine in nasophagyngeal secretions after infection
    • Welliver RC, Wong DT, Sun M, et al. The development of respiratory syncytial virus-specific IgE and the release of histamine in nasophagyngeal secretions after infection. N Engl J Med 1981;305:841-6.
    • (1981) N Engl J Med , vol.305 , pp. 841-846
    • Welliver, R.C.1    Wong, D.T.2    Sun, M.3
  • 31
    • 0024835330 scopus 로고
    • A clinical and epidemiological study of "ornithosis" caused by Chlamydia psittaci and Chlamydia pneumoniae (Strain TWAR)
    • Frydén A, Kihlström E, Maller R, et al. A clinical and epidemiological study of "ornithosis" caused by Chlamydia psittaci and Chlamydia pneumoniae (Strain TWAR). Scand J Infect Dis 1989;21:681-91.
    • (1989) Scand J Infect Dis , vol.21 , pp. 681-691
    • Frydén, A.1    Kihlström, E.2    Maller, R.3
  • 32
    • 0026599494 scopus 로고
    • Persistent infection with Chlamydia pneumoniae following acute respiratory illness
    • Hammerschlag MR, Chirgwin K, Roblin PM, et al. Persistent infection with Chlamydia pneumoniae following acute respiratory illness. Clin Infect Dis 1992;14:178 82.
    • (1992) Clin Infect Dis , vol.14 , pp. 178-182
    • Hammerschlag, M.R.1    Chirgwin, K.2    Roblin, P.M.3
  • 33
    • 0028244144 scopus 로고
    • The association of Chlamydia pneumoniae infection and reactive airway disease in children
    • Emre U, Roblin PM, Gelling M, et al. The association of Chlamydia pneumoniae infection and reactive airway disease in children. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 1994;148:727 32.
    • (1994) Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med , vol.148 , pp. 727-732
    • Emre, U.1    Roblin, P.M.2    Gelling, M.3
  • 34
    • 0028595582 scopus 로고
    • Acute exacerbations of asthma in adults: Role of Chlamydia pneumoniae infection
    • Allegra L, Blasi F, Centanni S, et al. Acute exacerbations of asthma in adults: role of Chlamydia pneumoniae infection. Eur Respir J 1994;7:2165 8.
    • (1994) Eur Respir J , vol.7 , pp. 2165-2168
    • Allegra, L.1    Blasi, F.2    Centanni, S.3
  • 35
    • 0029054981 scopus 로고
    • Detection of anti-Chlamydia pneumoniae IgE in children with reactive airway disease
    • Emre U, Sokolowskaya N, Roblin PM, et al. Detection of anti-Chlamydia pneumoniae IgE in children with reactive airway disease. J Infect Dis 1995;172:265 7.
    • (1995) J Infect Dis , vol.172 , pp. 265-267
    • Emre, U.1    Sokolowskaya, N.2    Roblin, P.M.3
  • 36
    • 0025348438 scopus 로고
    • Serological response to Chlamydia pneumoniae infection
    • Campbell IA, Kuo CC, Wong SP, et al. Serological response to Chlamydia pneumoniae infection. J Clin Microbiol 1990;28:1261 4.
    • (1990) J Clin Microbiol , vol.28 , pp. 1261-1264
    • Campbell, I.A.1    Kuo, C.C.2    Wong, S.P.3
  • 37
    • 0026551104 scopus 로고
    • Chlamydia trachomatis infection in children with wheezing simulating asthma
    • Bavastrelli M, Midulla M, Rossi D, et al. Chlamydia trachomatis infection in children with wheezing simulating asthma. Lancer 1992;339:1174.
    • (1992) Lancer , vol.339 , pp. 1174
    • Bavastrelli, M.1    Midulla, M.2    Rossi, D.3
  • 38
    • 0026528413 scopus 로고
    • Chlamydial antibodies in children with lower respiratory disease
    • Carballal G, Mahony JB, Videla C, et al. Chlamydial antibodies in children with lower respiratory disease. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1992;11:68 71.
    • (1992) Pediatr Infect Dis J , vol.11 , pp. 68-71
    • Carballal, G.1    Mahony, J.B.2    Videla, C.3
  • 40
    • 0027396042 scopus 로고
    • Isolation of Mycoplasma pneumoniae from asthmatic patients
    • Gil JC, Cedillo RL, Mayagoitia BG, et al. Isolation of Mycoplasma pneumoniae from asthmatic patients. Ann Allergy 1993,70:23-5.
    • (1993) Ann Allergy , vol.70 , pp. 23-25
    • Gil, J.C.1    Cedillo, R.L.2    Mayagoitia, B.G.3
  • 41
    • 0023943773 scopus 로고
    • Isolation of Mycoplasma pneumoniae from children with lower respiratory tract infections
    • Nagayama Y, Sakurai N, Yamamoto K, et al. Isolation of Mycoplasma pneumoniae from children with lower respiratory tract infections. J Infect Dis 1988;157:911 17.
    • (1988) J Infect Dis , vol.157 , pp. 91117
    • Nagayama, Y.1    Sakurai, N.2    Yamamoto, K.3
  • 42
    • 0022458217 scopus 로고
    • Mycoplasma pneumoniae is a cause of exacerbation of bronchial asthma in adults
    • Seggev JS, Lis I, Siman-Tou R, et al. Mycoplasma pneumoniae is a cause of exacerbation of bronchial asthma in adults. Ann Allergy 1986;57:263 5.
    • (1986) Ann Allergy , vol.57 , pp. 263-265
    • Seggev, J.S.1    Lis, I.2    Siman-Tou, R.3
  • 43
    • 0018885415 scopus 로고
    • IgE antibodies to Mycoplasma pneumoniae in asthma and other atopic diseases
    • Tipirneni P, Moore BS, Hyde JS, et al. IgE antibodies to Mycoplasma pneumoniae in asthma and other atopic diseases. Ann Allergy 1980;45:1 7.
    • (1980) Ann Allergy , vol.45 , pp. 1-7
    • Tipirneni, P.1    Moore, B.S.2    Hyde, J.S.3
  • 44
    • 0015010058 scopus 로고
    • Antibodies to brain and other tissues in cases of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection
    • Biberfeld G. Antibodies to brain and other tissues in cases of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection. Clin Exp Immunol 1971; 8:1319 33.
    • (1971) Clin Exp Immunol , vol.8 , pp. 1319-1333
    • Biberfeld, G.1
  • 45
    • 0019418368 scopus 로고
    • The pathology of the Legionella pneumonias
    • Winn WC, Myerowitz RL. The pathology of the Legionella pneumonias. Hum Pathol 1981;12:401 22.
    • (1981) Hum Pathol , vol.12 , pp. 401-422
    • Winn, W.C.1    Myerowitz, R.L.2
  • 46
    • 0014733765 scopus 로고
    • Pathological changes in virus infections of the lower respiratory tract in children
    • Aherne W, Bird T, Court SDM, et al. Pathological changes in virus infections of the lower respiratory tract in children. J Clin Pathol 1970;23:7-18.
    • (1970) J Clin Pathol , vol.23 , pp. 7-18
    • Aherne, W.1    Bird, T.2    Court, S.D.M.3
  • 47
    • 0014493282 scopus 로고
    • An epidemiologic study of altered clinical reactivity to respiratory syncytial (RS) virus infection in children previously vaccinated with an inactivated RS virus vaccine
    • Kapikian AZ, Mitchell RH, Chanock RM, et al. An epidemiologic study of altered clinical reactivity to respiratory syncytial (RS) virus infection in children previously vaccinated with an inactivated RS virus vaccine. Am J Epidemiol 1969,89:405 21.
    • (1969) Am J Epidemiol , vol.89 , pp. 405-421
    • Kapikian, A.Z.1    Mitchell, R.H.2    Chanock, R.M.3
  • 48
    • 0022555443 scopus 로고
    • Dissociation between serum neutralizing and glycoprotein antibody responses of infants and children who received inactivated respiratory syncytial virus vaccine
    • Murphy BR, Prince GA, Walsh EE, et al. Dissociation between serum neutralizing and glycoprotein antibody responses of infants and children who received inactivated respiratory syncytial virus vaccine. J Clin Microbiol 1986;24:197 202.
    • (1986) J Clin Microbiol , vol.24 , pp. 197-202
    • Murphy, B.R.1    Prince, G.A.2    Walsh, E.E.3
  • 49
    • 0028107250 scopus 로고
    • Distinct types of lung disease caused by functional subsets of antiviral T cells
    • Alwan WH, Koslowska WJ, Openshaw PJM. Distinct types of lung disease caused by functional subsets of antiviral T cells. J Exp Med 1994;179:81-7.
    • (1994) J Exp Med , vol.179 , pp. 81-87
    • Alwan, W.H.1    Koslowska, W.J.2    Openshaw, P.J.M.3
  • 50
    • 0029057010 scopus 로고
    • Immunity and immunopathology to respiratory syncytial virus
    • Openshaw PJM. Immunity and immunopathology to respiratory syncytial virus. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1995;152: s59-s62.
    • (1995) Am J Respir Crit Care Med , vol.152
    • Openshaw, P.J.M.1
  • 51
    • 0025290312 scopus 로고
    • Heterogeneity of mouse helper T cells. Evidence from bulk cultures and limiting dilution cloning for precursors of ThI and Th2 cells
    • Street NE, Schumacher JH, Fong AT, et al. Heterogeneity of mouse helper T cells. Evidence from bulk cultures and limiting dilution cloning for precursors of ThI and Th2 cells. J Immunol 1990;144:1629-39.
    • (1990) J Immunol , vol.144 , pp. 1629-1639
    • Street, N.E.1    Schumacher, J.H.2    Fong, A.T.3
  • 52
    • 0026547094 scopus 로고
    • Eosinophil degranulation in the respiratory tract during naturally acquired respiratory syncytial virus infection
    • Garofalo R, Kimpen JLL, Welliver RC, et al.Eosinophil degranulation in the respiratory tract during naturally acquired respiratory syncytial virus infection. J Pediatr 1992;120:28-32.
    • (1992) J Pediatr , vol.120 , pp. 28-32
    • Garofalo, R.1    Kimpen, J.L.L.2    Welliver, R.C.3
  • 53
    • 0023813595 scopus 로고
    • The release of leukotrienes in the respiratory tract during infection with respiratory syncytial virus: Role in obstructive airway disease
    • Volovitz B, Welliver RC, De Castro G, et al. The release of leukotrienes in the respiratory tract during infection with respiratory syncytial virus: role in obstructive airway disease. Pediatr Res 1988;24:504-7.
    • (1988) Pediatr Res , vol.24 , pp. 504-507
    • Volovitz, B.1    Welliver, R.C.2    De Castro, G.3
  • 54
    • 0022981052 scopus 로고
    • Predictive value of respiratory syncytial virus-specific IgE responses for recurrent wheezing following bronchiolitis
    • Welliver RC, Sun M, Rinaldo D, Ogra PL. Predictive value of respiratory syncytial virus-specific IgE responses for recurrent wheezing following bronchiolitis. J Pediatr 1986; 109:776-80.
    • (1986) J Pediatr , vol.109 , pp. 776-780
    • Welliver, R.C.1    Sun, M.2    Rinaldo, D.3    Ogra, P.L.4
  • 55
    • 0024536158 scopus 로고
    • The relationship between viral infections and onset of allergic diseases and asthma
    • Busse WW. The relationship between viral infections and onset of allergic diseases and asthma. Clin Exp Allergy 1989;19:1-9.
    • (1989) Clin Exp Allergy , vol.19 , pp. 1-9
    • Busse, W.W.1
  • 56
    • 0023196333 scopus 로고
    • Improvement of serological diagnosis of neonatal cytomegalovirus infection by simultaneously testing for specific immunoglobulins e and M by antibody-capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
    • Nielsen SL, Rønholm E, Sørensen I, et al. Improvement of serological diagnosis of neonatal cytomegalovirus infection by simultaneously testing for specific immunoglobulins E and M by antibody-capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. J Clin Microbiol 1987;25:1406-10.
    • (1987) J Clin Microbiol , vol.25 , pp. 1406-1410
    • Nielsen, S.L.1    Rønholm, E.2    Sørensen, I.3
  • 57
    • 0017647557 scopus 로고
    • The relationship of acute respiratory illness history to the prevalence and incidence of obstructive lung disorders
    • Lebowitz MD, Burrows B. The relationship of acute respiratory illness history to the prevalence and incidence of obstructive lung disorders. Am J Epidemiol 1977;105: 544-54.
    • (1977) Am J Epidemiol , vol.105 , pp. 544-554
    • Lebowitz, M.D.1    Burrows, B.2
  • 58
    • 0027404751 scopus 로고
    • Treatment of croup with nebulised steroid (budesonide): A double blind, placebo controlled study
    • Husby S, Agertoft L, Mortensen S, et al. Treatment of croup with nebulised steroid (budesonide): a double blind, placebo controlled study. Arch Dis Child 1993;68:352-5.
    • (1993) Arch Dis Child , vol.68 , pp. 352-355
    • Husby, S.1    Agertoft, L.2    Mortensen, S.3
  • 59
    • 0019986741 scopus 로고
    • Hospital study of adult community-acquired pneumonia
    • Macfarlane JT, Finch RG, Ward MJ, et al. Hospital study of adult community-acquired pneumonia. Lancet 1982;ii: 255-8.
    • (1982) Lancet , vol.2 , pp. 255-258
    • Macfarlane, J.T.1    Finch, R.G.2    Ward, M.J.3
  • 60
    • 0027421566 scopus 로고
    • Etiology of community-acquired pneumonia
    • Østergaard L, Andersen PL. Etiology of community-acquired pneumonia. Chest 1993;104:1400-7.
    • (1993) Chest , vol.104 , pp. 1400-1407
    • Østergaard, L.1    Andersen, P.L.2
  • 62
    • 0021922701 scopus 로고
    • An epidemic of mild pneumonia due to an unusual strain of Chlamydia psittaci
    • Saikku P, Wang SP, Kleemola M, et al. An epidemic of mild pneumonia due to an unusual strain of Chlamydia psittaci. J Infect Dis 1985;151:832-9.
    • (1985) J Infect Dis , vol.151 , pp. 832-839
    • Saikku, P.1    Wang, S.P.2    Kleemola, M.3
  • 63
    • 0019501039 scopus 로고
    • Chlamydia trachomatis infection in adults with community-acquired pneumonia
    • Komaroff AL, Aronson MD, Schacter J. Chlamydia trachomatis infection in adults with community-acquired pneumonia. JAMA 1981;245:1319-22.
    • (1981) JAMA , vol.245 , pp. 1319-1322
    • Komaroff, A.L.1    Aronson, M.D.2    Schacter, J.3
  • 64
    • 0025008058 scopus 로고
    • TWAR and changing respiratory infections
    • Ridgway G. TWAR and changing respiratory infections. Practitioner 1990;234:790-2.
    • (1990) Practitioner , vol.234 , pp. 790-792
    • Ridgway, G.1
  • 65
    • 0024822525 scopus 로고
    • Erythema nodosum - A manifestation of Chlamydia pneumoniae (strain TWAR) infection
    • Erntell M, Ljunggren K, Gadd T, et al. Erythema nodosum - a manifestation of Chlamydia pneumoniae (strain TWAR) infection. Scand J Infect Dis 1989;21:693-6.
    • (1989) Scand J Infect Dis , vol.21 , pp. 693-696
    • Erntell, M.1    Ljunggren, K.2    Gadd, T.3
  • 66
    • 0026520360 scopus 로고
    • Brief report: Chlamydia psittaci endocarditis diagnosed by blood culture
    • Shapiro DS, Kenney SC, Johnson M, et al. Brief report: Chlamydia psittaci endocarditis diagnosed by blood culture. N Engl J Med 1992;326:1192-5.
    • (1992) N Engl J Med , vol.326 , pp. 1192-1195
    • Shapiro, D.S.1    Kenney, S.C.2    Johnson, M.3
  • 67
    • 0026692745 scopus 로고
    • Acute glomerulonephritis following infection with Chlamydia psittaci
    • Jeffrey RF, More IAR, Carrington D, et al. Acute glomerulonephritis following infection with Chlamydia psittaci. Am J Kidney Dis 1992;1:94-6.
    • (1992) Am J Kidney Dis , vol.1 , pp. 94-96
    • Jeffrey, R.F.1    More, I.A.R.2    Carrington, D.3
  • 68
    • 0024503925 scopus 로고
    • Chlamydial disease pathogenesis ocular hypersensitivity elicited by a genus-specific 57 kD protein
    • Morrison RP, Lyng K, Caldwell HD. Chlamydial disease pathogenesis ocular hypersensitivity elicited by a genus-specific 57 kD protein. J Exp Med 1989;169:663-75.
    • (1989) J Exp Med , vol.169 , pp. 663-675
    • Morrison, R.P.1    Lyng, K.2    Caldwell, H.D.3
  • 69
    • 7144242302 scopus 로고
    • Infections due to Mycoplasma pneumoniae in childhood
    • Broughton RA. Infections due to Mycoplasma pneumoniae in childhood. Pediatr Infect Dis 1987;82:104-9.
    • (1987) Pediatr Infect Dis , vol.82 , pp. 104-109
    • Broughton, R.A.1
  • 70
    • 0017616218 scopus 로고
    • Severe Mycoplasma pneumoniae
    • Holt S, Ryan WF, Epstein EJ. Severe Mycoplasma pneumoniae. Thorax 1977;32:112 5.
    • (1977) Thorax , vol.32 , pp. 112-115
    • Holt, S.1    Ryan, W.F.2    Epstein, E.J.3
  • 71
    • 0016353481 scopus 로고
    • Lite-threatening Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia
    • Noriega ER, Simberkoff MF, Gilroy FJ. Lite-threatening Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia. JAMA 1974;229: 1471-2.
    • (1974) JAMA , vol.229 , pp. 1471-1472
    • Noriega, E.R.1    Simberkoff, M.F.2    Gilroy, F.J.3
  • 72
    • 0015610118 scopus 로고
    • Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections in patients with immunodeficiency syndromes: Report of four cases
    • Foy HM, Ochs H, Davis SD, et al. Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections in patients with immunodeficiency syndromes: report of four cases. J Infect Dis 1973;127:388 93.
    • (1973) J Infect Dis , vol.127 , pp. 388-393
    • Foy, H.M.1    Ochs, H.2    Davis, S.D.3
  • 73
    • 0024821510 scopus 로고
    • Interaction between mycoplasmas and the immune system
    • Ruuth E, Praz F. Interaction between mycoplasmas and the immune system. Immunol Rev 1989;112:133 60.
    • (1989) Immunol Rev , vol.112 , pp. 13360
    • Ruuth, E.1    Praz, F.2
  • 74
    • 0015954704 scopus 로고
    • Circulating immune complexes in mycoplasma infection
    • Biberfeld G, Norberg R. Circulating immune complexes in mycoplasma infection. J Immunol 1974;112:413 5.
    • (1974) J Immunol , vol.112 , pp. 4135
    • Biberfeld, G.1    Norberg, R.2
  • 75
    • 85047696651 scopus 로고
    • Mycoplasma pneumoniae as a cofactor in severe respiratory infections
    • Cimolai N, Wensley D, Seear M, et al. Mycoplasma pneumoniae as a cofactor in severe respiratory infections, Clin Infect Dis 1995;21:1182-5.
    • (1995) Clin Infect Dis , vol.21 , pp. 1182-1185
    • Cimolai, N.1    Wensley, D.2    Seear, M.3
  • 76
    • 0025195897 scopus 로고
    • Association of shower use with Legionnaires' disease
    • Breiman RF, Fields BS, Sanden GN, et at. Association of shower use with Legionnaires' disease. JAMA 1990;263: 2924-6.
    • (1990) JAMA , vol.263 , pp. 2924-2926
    • Breiman, R.F.1    Fields, B.S.2    Sanden, G.N.3
  • 77
    • 0027200924 scopus 로고
    • Could aspiration be the major mode of transmission for legionella?
    • Yu VL. Could aspiration be the major mode of transmission for legionella? Am J Med 1993;95:13-5.
    • (1993) Am J Med , vol.95 , pp. 13-15
    • Yu, V.L.1
  • 78
    • 0020629796 scopus 로고
    • Oropharyngeal colonization with Legionella pneumophila
    • Bridge JA, Edelstein PH. Oropharyngeal colonization with Legionella pneumophila. J Clin Microbiol 1983;18:1108 12.
    • (1983) J Clin Microbiol , vol.18 , pp. 1108-1112
    • Bridge, J.A.1    Edelstein, P.H.2
  • 79
    • 0020647067 scopus 로고
    • Histopathology of experimental Legionnaires' disease in guinea pigs, rhesus monkeys and marmosets
    • Baskerville A, Fitzgeorge B, Broster M, et al. Histopathology of experimental Legionnaires' disease in guinea pigs, rhesus monkeys and marmosets. J Pathol 1983;139:349 62.
    • (1983) J Pathol , vol.139 , pp. 349-362
    • Baskerville, A.1    Fitzgeorge, B.2    Broster, M.3
  • 80
    • 0020361804 scopus 로고
    • Legionnaires' pneumonia after aerosol exposure in guinea pigs and rats
    • Davis GS, Winn WC, Gump DW, et al. Legionnaires' pneumonia after aerosol exposure in guinea pigs and rats. Am Rev Respir Dis 1982;126:1050-7.
    • (1982) Am Rev Respir Dis , vol.126 , pp. 1050-1057
    • Davis, G.S.1    Winn, W.C.2    Gump, D.W.3
  • 81
    • 0027581436 scopus 로고
    • Analysis of virulence factor of Legionella pneumophila
    • Hacker J, Ott M, Wintermeyer E, et al. Analysis of virulence factor of Legionella pneumophila. Zbl Bakt 1993;278:348 58.
    • (1993) Zbl Bakt , vol.278 , pp. 348-358
    • Hacker, J.1    Ott, M.2    Wintermeyer, E.3
  • 82
    • 0020959965 scopus 로고
    • The role of structure and invasiveness on the pathogenicity of Legionella
    • Rodgers FG. The role of structure and invasiveness on the pathogenicity of Legionella. Zbl Bakt Hyg I Abt Orig 1983;A255:138-44.
    • (1983) Zbl Bakt Hyg I Abt Orig , vol.A255 , pp. 138-144
    • Rodgers, F.G.1
  • 83
    • 0028044055 scopus 로고
    • Pathogenetic aspects of Legionnaires' disease: Interaction of Legionella pneumophila with cellular host defences
    • Rechnitzer C. Pathogenetic aspects of Legionnaires' disease: interaction of Legionella pneumophila with cellular host defences. Acta Path Microbiol Immunol Scand 1994; 102(Suppl 43):7-43
    • (1994) Acta Path Microbiol Immunol Scand , vol.102 , Issue.43 SUPPL. , pp. 7-43
    • Rechnitzer, C.1
  • 84
    • 0026812419 scopus 로고
    • Effect of Legionella pneumophila cytotoxic protease on human neutrophil and monocyte function
    • Rechnitzer C, Kharazmi A. Effect of Legionella pneumophila cytotoxic protease on human neutrophil and monocyte function. Microbiol Pathol 1992;12:115 25.
    • (1992) Microbiol Pathol , vol.12 , pp. 115-125
    • Rechnitzer, C.1    Kharazmi, A.2
  • 85
    • 0020521839 scopus 로고
    • Cell-mediated immunity in Legionnaires' disease
    • Horwitz MA. Cell-mediated immunity in Legionnaires' disease. J Clin Invest 1983;71:1686-97.
    • (1983) J Clin Invest , vol.71 , pp. 1686-1697
    • Horwitz, M.A.1
  • 86
    • 0025340848 scopus 로고
    • A mutation in the mip gene results in an attenuation of Legionella pneumophila virulence
    • Cianciotto NP, Eisenstein BI, Mody HC, et al. A mutation in the mip gene results in an attenuation of Legionella pneumophila virulence. J Infect Dis 1990;162:121 6.
    • (1990) J Infect Dis , vol.162 , pp. 121-126
    • Cianciotto, N.P.1    Eisenstein, B.I.2    Mody, H.C.3
  • 87
    • 0019995628 scopus 로고
    • The effects of Legionella pneumophila toxin on oxidative processes and bacterial killing of human polymorphonuclear leukocytes
    • Friedman RL, Lochner JE, Bigley RH, et al. The effects of Legionella pneumophila toxin on oxidative processes and bacterial killing of human polymorphonuclear leukocytes. J Infect Dis 1982;146:328-34.
    • (1982) J Infect Dis , vol.146 , pp. 328-334
    • Friedman, R.L.1    Lochner, J.E.2    Bigley, R.H.3
  • 88
    • 0346271703 scopus 로고
    • Legionella pneumophila Mip inhibits protein kinase C
    • Barbaree JM, Breiman RF, Dufour AP, eds. Washington: Am Soc Microbiol
    • Hurley MC, Balaazorich K, Albano M, et al. Legionella pneumophila Mip inhibits protein kinase C. In: Barbaree JM, Breiman RF, Dufour AP, eds. Legionella. Current status and emerging perspectives. Washington: Am Soc Microbiol 1993: 69-70.
    • (1993) Legionella. Current Status and Emerging Perspectives , pp. 69-70
    • Hurley, M.C.1    Balaazorich, K.2    Albano, M.3
  • 89
    • 0019935233 scopus 로고
    • Susceptibility of Legionell pneumophila to oxygen-dependent systems
    • Locksley RM, Jacobs RF, Wilson CB, et al. Susceptibility of Legionell pneumophila to oxygen-dependent systems. J Immunol 1982;129:2192-7.
    • (1982) J Immunol , vol.129 , pp. 2192-2197
    • Locksley, R.M.1    Jacobs, R.F.2    Wilson, C.B.3
  • 90
    • 0026602166 scopus 로고
    • Legionnaires' disease and acute renal failure: Case report and review
    • Shah A, Check F, Baskin S, et al. Legionnaires' disease and acute renal failure: case report and review, Clin Infect Dis 1992;14:204-7.
    • (1992) Clin Infect Dis , vol.14 , pp. 204-207
    • Shah, A.1    Check, F.2    Baskin, S.3
  • 91
    • 0027207992 scopus 로고
    • Severe community-acquired Legionella pneumonia: Treatment, complications and outcome
    • Hubbard RB, Mathur RM, MacFarlane JT. Severe community-acquired Legionella pneumonia: treatment, complications and outcome. Q J Med 1993;86:327 32.
    • (1993) Q J Med , vol.86 , pp. 327-332
    • Hubbard, R.B.1    Mathur, R.M.2    MacFarlane, J.T.3
  • 92
    • 0019442321 scopus 로고
    • Chronic lung damage caused by adenovirus 7: A ten-year follow-up study
    • Simila S, Linna O, Lanning P, et al. Chronic lung damage caused by adenovirus 7: a ten-year follow-up study Chest 1981;80:127-31.
    • (1981) Chest , vol.80 , pp. 127-131
    • Simila, S.1    Linna, O.2    Lanning, P.3
  • 93


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.