Evidence for abrupt climatic change in northern Scotland between 3900 and 3500 calendar years BP

Holocene

Volumn 8, Issue 1, 1998, Pages 97-103

  Anderson, David E ^a   Binney, Heather A ^b   Smith, Melanie A ^c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD   (United Kingdom)

^b LONDON METROPOLITAN UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

^c DE MONTFORT UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Abrupt event; Climatic change; Holocene; Palaeoecology; Palaeohydrology; Peatlands; Scotland

Indexed keywords

CLIMATE CHANGE; HOLOCENE; PALAEOCLIMATE; PALEOCLIMATE; RADIOCARBON DATING;

SCOTLAND; UK;

EID: 0031908954     PISSN: 09596836     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1191/095968398669507604     Document Type: Article

References (70)

1. Aaby, B. 1986: Palaeoecological studies of mires. In Berglund, B.E., editor, Handbook of Holocene palaeoecology and palaeohydrology. Chichester: John Wiley, 145-60.
2. Aaby, B. and Tauber, H. 1975: Rates of peat formation in relation to degree of humification and local environment, as shown by studies of a raised bog in Denmark. Boreas 4, 1-17.
3. Anderson, D.E. 1996: Abrupt Holocene climatic change recorded in terrestrial peat sequences from Wester Ross, Scotland. Unpublished D.Phil. thesis, University of Oxford.
4. Barber, K.E., Chambers, F.M., Dumayne, L., Haslam, C.J., Maddy, D. and Stoneman, R.E. 1994a: Climatic change and human impact in north Cumbria: peat stratigraphic and pollen evidence from Bolton Fell Moss and Walton Moss. In Boardman, J. and Walden, J., editors, The Quaternary of Cumbria: field guide, Oxford: Quaternary Research Association, 20-49.
5. Barber, K.E., Chambers, F.M. and Maddy, D. 1994b: Sensitive high-resolution records of Holocene palaeoclimate from ombrotrophic bogs. In Funnel, B.M. and Kay, R.L.F., editors, Palaeoclimate of the last glacial/interglacial cycle, NERC Earth Sciences Directorate: Special Publication No. 94/2, 57-60.
6. Bennett, K.D. 1984: The post-glacial history of Pinus sylvestris in the British Isles. Quaternary Science Reviews 3, 133-55.
7. _ 1995: Post-glacial dynamics of pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and pinewoods in Scotland. In Aldhouse, J.R., editor, Our pinewood heritage, Inverness: Forestry Commission, RSPB, SNH, 23-29.
8. Binney, H.A. 1997: Holocene environmental change in the Scottish Highlands: multiproxy evidence from blanket peats. Unpublished PhD thesis, London Guildhall University.
9. Birks, H.H. 1972: Studies in the vegetational history of Scotland III: A radiocarbon dated pollen diagram from Loch Maree, Ross and Cromarty. New Phytologist 71, 731-54.
10. Birks, H.J.B. 1996: Great Britain - Scotland. In Berglund, B.E., Birks, H.J.B., Ralska-Jasiewiczowa, M. and Wright, H.E., editors, Palaeoecological events during the last 15 000 years, Chichester: John Wiley, 95-143.
11. Blackford, J.J. 1990: Blanket mires and climatic change: a palaeoecological study based on peat humification and microfossil analysis. Unpublished PhD thesis, University of Keele.
12. Blackford, J.J. and Chambers, F.M. 1991: Proxy records of climate from blanket mires: evidence for a Dark Age (1400 BP) climatic deterioration in the British Isles. The Holocene 1, 63-67.
13. _ 1993: Determining the degree of peat decomposition for peat-based palaeoclimatic studies. International Peat Journal 5, 7-24.
14. _ 1995: Proxy climate record for the last 1000 years from Irish blanket peat and a possible link to solar variability. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 133, 145-50.
15. Blackford, J.J., Edwards, K.J., Dugmore, A.J., Cook, G.T. and Buckland, P.C. 1992: Icelandic volcanic ash and the mid-Holocene Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) pollen decline in northern Scotland. The Holocene 2, 260-65.
16. Bridge, M.C., Haggart, B.A. and Lowe, J.J. 1990: The history and palaeoclimatic significance of subfossil remains of Pinus sylvestris in blanket peats from Scotland. Journal of Ecology 78, 77-99.
17. Burgess, C. 1989: Volcanoes, catastrophe and the late global crisis of the late second millennium BC. Current Archaeology 117, 325-29.
18. Charman, D.J. 1994a: Late-glacial and Holocene vegetation history of the Flow Country, northern Scotland. New Phytologist 127, 155-68.
19. _ 1994b: Patterned fen development in northern Scotland: developing a hypothesis from palaeoecological data. Journal of Quaternary Science 9, 285-97.
20. _ 1995: Patterned fen development in northern Scotland: hypothesis testing and comparison with ombrotrophic blanket peats. Journal of Quaternary Science 10, 327-42.
21. Clymo, R.S. 1984: The limits to peat bog growth. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, London B303, 605-54.
22. _ 1992: Models of peat growth. Suo 43, 127-36.
23. COHMAP Members 1988: Climatic changes of the last 18,000 years: observations and model simulations. Science 241, 1043-51.
24. Crowley, T.J. and North, G.R. 1991: Paleoclimatology. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
25. Digerfeldt, G. 1988: Reconstruction and regional correlation of Holocene lake-level fluctuations in Lake Bysjön, South Sweden. Boreas 17, 165-82.
26. Dubois, A.D. and Ferguson, D.K. 1985: The climatic history of pine in the Cairngorms based on radiocarbon dates and stable isotope analysis, with an account of the events leading up to its colonization. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 46, 55-80.
27. Dugmore, A.J., Cook, G.T., Shore, J.S., Newton, A.J., Edwards, K.J. and Larsen, G. 1995: Radiocarbon dating tephra layers in Britain and Iceland. Radiocarbon 37, 379-88.
28. Duplessy, J.C., Labeyrie, L., Arnold, M., Paterne, M., Duprat, J. and Van Weering, T.C.E. 1992: Changes in surface salinity of the North Atlantic Ocean during the last deglaciation. Nature 358, 485-87.
29. Dupont, L.M. 1986: Temperature and rainfall variation in the Holocene based on comparative palaeoecology and isotope geology of a hummock and a hollow (Bourtangerveen, The Netherlands). Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 48, 71-159.
30. Edwards, K.J., Dugmore, A.J., Buckland, P.C., Blackford, J.J. and Cook, G.T. 1996: Hekla-4 ash, the pine decline in Northern Ireland and the effective use of tephra isochrones: a comment on Hall, Pilcher and McCormac. The Holocene 6, 495-96.
31. Faegri, K. and Iversen, J. 1989: Textbook of pollen analysis (4th edition). Chichester: John Wiley.
32. Gear, A.J. and Huntley, B. 1991: Rapid changes in the range limits of Scots pine 4000 years ago. Science 251, 544-47.
33. Hall, V.A., Pilcher, J.R. and McCormac, F.G. 1994: Icelandic volcanic ash and the mid-Holocene Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) decline in the north of Ireland: no correlation. The Holocene 4, 79-83.
34. _ 1996: Hekla-4 ash, the pine decline in Northern Ireland and the effective use of tephra isochrones: a reply to Edwards, Dugmore, Buckland, Blackford and Cook. The Holocene 6, 496-97.
35. Ingram, H.A.P. 1978: Soil layers in mires: function and terminology. Journal of Soil Science 29, 224-27.
36. Jowsey, P.C. 1966: An improved peat sampler. New Phytologist 65, 248-48.
37. Karlén, W. and Kuylenstierna, J. 1996: On solar forcing of Holocene climate: evidence from Scandinavia. The Holocene 6, 359-65.
38. Kerslake, P. 1982: Vegetational history of wooded islands in Scottish lochs. Unpublished PhD thesis, University of Cambridge.
39. 14C wiggle matching, a reservoir effect and climatic change. Quaternary Science Reviews 14, 959-66.
40. Koç, N. and Jansen, E. 1994: Response of the high-latitude Northern Hemisphere to orbital climate forcing: evidence from the Nordic Seas. Geology 22, 523-26.
41. Koç, N., Jansen, E., Hald, M. and Labeyrie, L. 1996: Late glacial-Holocene sea surface temperatures and gradients between the North Atlantic and the Norwegian Sea: Implications for the Nordic heat pump. In Andrews, J.T., Austin, W.E.N., Bergsten, H. and Jennings, A.E., editors, Late Quaternary palaeoceanography of the North Atlantic margins, Geological Society Special Publication No. 111, 177-85.
42. Lindsay, R. 1995: Bogs; ecology, classification and conservation of ombrotrophic mires. Edinburgh: Scottish Natural Heritage.
43. Livingstone, D.A. 1955: A lightweight piston sampler for lake deposits. Ecology 36, 137-39.
44. Malmer, N. 1992: Peat accumulation and the global carbon cycle. In Boer, M. and Koster, E., editors. Greenhouse-impact on cold-climate ecosystems and landscapes, Cremlingen Destedt, Germany: Catena Verlag, 97-110.
45. Magny, M. 1992: Holocene lake-level fluctuations in Jura and the northern subalpine ranges, France: regional pattern and climatic implications. Boreas 21, 319-34.
46. 14C record. Quaternary Research 40, 1-9.
47. _ 1995: Successive ocean and solar forcing indicated by Younger Dryas and early Holocene climatic oscillations in the Jura. Quaternary Research 43, 279-85.
48. McCullagh, R.P.J. 1993: An interim report on the Lairg project 1988-1992. Northern Studies 30, 34-52.
49. Moore, P.D. 1986: Hydrological changes in mires. In Berglund, B.E., editor, Handbook of Holocene palaeoecology and palaeohydrology, Chichester: John Wiley, 3-65.
50. Moore, P.D., Webb, J.A. and Collinson, M.E. 1991: Pollen analysis. Oxford: Blackwell.
51. Nesje, A. and Johannessen, T. 1992: What were the primary forcing mechanisms of high-frequency Holocene climate and glacier variations? The Holocene 2, 79-84.
52. Nilssen, E. and Vorren, K.D. 1991: Peat humification and climate history. Norsk Geologisk Tiddskrift 71, 215-17.
53. O'Brien, S.R., Mayewski, P.A., Meeker, L.D., Meese, D.A., Twickler, M.S. and Whitlow, S.I. 1995: Complexity of Holocene climate as reconstructed from a Greenland Ice core. Science 270, 1962-64.
54. Pazdur, A., Fontugne, M.R., Goslar, T. and Pazdur, M. 1995: Late-glacial and Holocene water-level changes of the Gosciaz lake, central Poland, derived from carbon isotope studies of laminated sediment. Quaternary Science Reviews 14, 125-35.
55. Pennington, W., Haworth, E.Y., Bonny, A.P. and Lishman, J.P. 1972: Lake sediments in Northern Scotland. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, London, B264, 194-294.
56. Rind, D. and Overpeck, J. 1993: Hypothesized causes of decade-to-century-scale climate variability: climate model results. Quaternary Science Reviews 12, 357-74.
57. Sejrup, H.P., Haflidason, H., Kristensen, D.K. and Johnsen, S.J. 1995: Last interglacial and Holocene climatic development in the Norwegian Sea region: ocean front movements and ice-core data. Journal of Quaternary Science 10, 385-90.
58. Smith, M.A. 1996: The role of vegetation dynamics and human activity in landscape changes through the Holocene in the Lairg area, Sutherland, Scotland. Unpublished PhD thesis, University of London, Royal Holloway.
59. Stace, C. 1991: New flora of the British Isles. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
60. 2: An evaluation of causal and spectral relationships. The Holocene 3, 289-305.
61. 14C age calibration program. Radiocarbon 35, 215-30.
62. 18O climate record of the past 16,500 years and the role of the sun, ocean and volcanoes. Quaternary Research 44, 341-54.
63. Tipping, R. 1994: The form and fate of Scotland's woodlands. Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland 124, 1-54.
64. Van Geel, B. 1978: A palaeoecological study of Holocene peat bog sections in Germany and the Netherlands, based on the analysis of pollen, spores and macro-and microscopic remains of fungi, algae, cormophytes and animals. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 25, 1-120.
65. _ 1986: Application of fungal and algal remains and other microfossils in palynological analyses. In Berglund, B.E., editor, Handbook of Holocene palaeoecology and palaeohydrology, Chichester: John Wiley, 497-505.
66. Van Geel, B., Buurman, J. and Waterbolk, H.T. 1996: Archaeological and palaeoecological indications of an abrupt climate change in The Netherlands, and evidence for climatological teleconnections around 2650 BP. Journal of Quaternary Science 11, 451-60.
67. Whittington, G., Edwards, K.J. and Cundill, P.R. 1991: Late-and post-glacial vegetational change at Black Loch, Fife, eastern Scotland; a multiple core approach. New Phytologist 118, 147-66.
68. Wright, H.E., Kutzbach, J.E., Webb, T., Ruddiman, W.F., Street-Perrott, F.A. and Bartlein, P.J. 1993: Global climates since the last glacial maximum. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
69. Yu, G. and Harrison, S.P. 1995a: Lake status records from Europe: data base documentation. Boulder: World Data Center-NOAA, Palaeoclimatology Publications Series Report 3.
70. _ 1995b: Holocene changes in atmospheric circulation patterns as shown by lake status changes in northern Europe. Boreas 24, 260-68.