Cladistic analysis of the Early Cambrian Olenelloid trilobites

Journal of Paleontology

Volumn 72, Issue 1, 1998, Pages 59-78

  Lieberman, Bruce S ^a  

^a HARVARD UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CAMBRIAN; PHYLOGENY; TRILOBITE;

EID: 0031907644     PISSN: 00223360     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1017/S0022336000024021     Document Type: Article

References (95)

1. AHLBERG, P 1991. Trilobites in the Lower Cambrian of Scandinavia. Geologiska Föreningens i Stockholm Forhandlingar, 113:74-75.
2. AHLBERG, P., J. BERGSTRÖM, AND J. JOHANSSON. 1986. Lower Cambrian olenellid trilobites from the Baltic faunal province. Geologiska Föreningens i Stockholm Forhandlingar, 108:39-56.
3. ARCHIE, J. W. 1989. Homoplasy excess ratios: new indices for measuring levels of homoplasy in phylogenetic systematics and a critique of the consistency index. Systematic Zoology, 38:253-269.
4. BARNABY, R. J., AND J. F. READ. 1990. Carbonate ramp to rimmed shelf evolution: Lower to Middle Cambrian continental margin, Virginia Appalachians. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 102:391-404.
5. BERGSTRÖM, J. 1973. Classification of olenellid trilobites and some Balto-Scandian species. Norsk Geologisk Tidsskrift, 53:283-314.
6. BOWRING, S. A., J. P. GROTZINGER, C. E. ISACHSEN, A. H. KNOLL, S. M. PELECHATY, AND P. KOLOSOV. 1993. Calibrating rates of early Cambrian evolution. Science, 261:1293-1298.
7. BREMER, K. 1994. Branch support and tree stability. Cladistics 10, 295- 304.
8. BRIGGS, D. E. G., R. A. FORTEY, AND M. A. WILLS. 1992. Morphological disparity in the Cambrian. Science, 256:1670-1673.
9. BUDD, G. E. 1995. Kleptothule rasmusseni gen. et sp. nov.: an ?olenellinid-like trilobite from the Sirius Passet fauna (Buen Formation, Lower Cambrian, north Greenland). Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, Earth Sciences, 86:1-12.
10. CAMPBELL, L., AND M. E. KAUFFMAN. 1969. Olenellus fauna of the Kinzers Formation, southeastern Pennsylvania. Proceedings of the Pennsylvania Academy of Science, 43:172-176.
11. COWIE, J. W. 1968. Lower Cambrian faunas from Ellesmere Island, district of Franklin. Geological Survey of Canada Bulletin, 163:1- 127.
12. EDGECOMBE, G. D. 1992. Trilobite phylogeny and the Cambrian/Or- dovidan "event": cladistic reappraisal, pp. 144-177. In M. J. Novacek and Q.D. Wheeler (eds.), Extinction and Phylogeny. Columbia University Press, New York.
13. ELDREDGE, N., AND J. CRACRAFT. 1980. Phylogenetic Patterns and the Evolutionary Process: Method and Theory in Comparative Biology. Columbia University Press, New York, 349 p.
14. EMMONS, E. 1844. The Taconic System; based on obervations in New York, Massachusetts, Maine, Vermont and Rhode Island. Albany, New York, 653 p.
15. _. 1860. Manual of Geology. New York.
16. FORTEY, R. A., AND H. B. WHITTINGTON. 1989. The Trilobita as a natural group. Historical Biology, 2:125-138.
17. _, AND R. M. OWENS. 1990. Evolutionary radiations in the Trilobita, pp. 139-164. In P. D. Taylor and G. P. Larwood (eds.), Major Evolutionary Radiations. Systematics Association Special Volume No. 42. Clarendon Press, Oxford.
18. FRITZ, W. H. 1972. Lower Cambrian trilobites from the Sekwi Formation type section, Mackenzie Mountains, northwestern Canada. Geological Survey of Canada Bulletin, 212:1-90.
19. _. 1973. Medial Lower Cambrian trilobites from the Mackenzie Mountains, northwestern Canada. Geological Survey of Canada, Paper 73-24, 43 p.
20. _. 1991. Lower Cambrian trilobites from the Illtyd Formation, Wernecke Mountains, Yukon Territory. Geological Survey of Canada Bulletin, 409:1-77.
21. _. 1992. Walcott's Lower Cambrian olenellid trilobite collection 61K, Mount Robson area, Canadian Rocky Mountains. Geological Survey of Canada Bulletin, 432:1-65.
22. _. 1993. New Lower Cambrian olenelloid trilobite genera Cirquella and Geraldinella from southwestern Canada. Journal of Paleontology, 67:856-868.
23. _. 1995. Esmeraldina rowei and associated Lower Cambrian trilobites (1f fauna) at the base of Walcott's Waucoban series, southern Great Basin, U.S.A. Journal of Paleontology, 69:708-723.
24. GEYER, G. 1993. The giant Cambrian trilobites of Morocco. Beringeria, 8:71-107.
25. _, AND A. R. PALMER. 1995. Neltneriidae and Holmiidae (Trilobita) from Morocco and the problem of Early Cambrian intercontinental correlation. Journal of Paleontology, 69:459-474.
26. GOULD, S. J. 1989. Wonderful Life. W. W. Norton, New York, 347 p.
27. _. 1991. The disparity of the Burgess Shale arthropod fauna and the limits of cladistic analysis: why we must strive to quantify morpho- space. Paleobiology, 17:411-423.
28. HALL, J. 1859. Trilobites of the shales of the Hudson River Group, p. 59-62. 12th Annual Report of the New York Cabinet for Natural History, Albany, New York.
29. _, 1862. Supplementary note to the thirteenth report of the Regents of the State Cabinet, p. 113-119. 15th Annual Report of the New York Cabinet for Natural History, Albany, New York.
30. HARRINGTON, H. J. 1956. Olenellidae with advanced cephalic spines. Journal of Paleontology, 30:56-61.
31. _, G. HENNINGSMOEN, B. F HOWELL, V. JAANUSSON, C. LOCHMANBALK, R. C. MOORE, C. POULSEN, F. RASETTI, E. RICHTER, R. RICHTER, H. SCHMIDT, K. SDZUY, W. STRUVE, L. STORMER, C. J. STUB- BLEFIELD, R. TRIFF, J. M. WELLER, AND H. B. WHITTINGTON. 1959. In R. C. Moore (ed.), Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, Part O, Arthropoda 1. Geological Society of America and University of Kansas Press, Lawrence.
32. Hu, C.-H. 1971. Ontogeny and sexual dimorphism of lower Paleozoic Trilobita. Palaeontographica Americana, 7:31-155.
33. HUGHES, N. C. 1991. Morphological plasticity and genetic flexibility in a Cambrian trilobite. Geology, 19:913-916.
34. HUPÉ P. 1952. Sur les zones de trilobites du Cambrian inferieur marocain. Comptes Rendus de l'Academie des Sciences, Paris, 235:480- 481.
35. _. 1953. Contribution a l'etude du Cambrien inferieur et du Precambrien III de l'Anti-Atlas marocain. Notes et Memoires du Service Géologique (Morocco), no. 103, 402 p.
36. _, AND J. ABADIE. 1950. Sur l'existence de Trilobites du Cambrien Inferieur marocain. Comptes Rendus de l'Academie de Sciences, 230: 2112-2113.
37. KHOMENTOVSKII, V. V., AND L. N. REPINA. 1965. (The Lower Cambrian stratotype section of Siberia). Sibirskoe Otdelenie, Institut Geologii i Geofiziki, Akademiia Nauk SSSR.
38. KIAER, J. 1917. The Lower Cambrian Holmia fauna at Tomten in Norway. Vedenskapsselskapets Skrifter, I. Matematisk naturviden skapelig Klasse, 10, 140 p.
39. KIR'IANOV, V. V., AND N. E. CHERNYSHEVA. 1967. (About Lower Cambrian deposits of northwestern Volini and the discovery of an ancient trilobite). Izvestiia Akademii Nauk SSSR, Seriia Geologicheskaia, 1967 (7): 119-125.
40. KLASSEN, G. J., R. D. MOOI, AND A. LOCKE. 1991. Consistency indices and random data. Systematic Zoology, 40:446-457.
41. KNOLL, A. H. 1996. Daughter of time. Paleobiology, 22:1-7.
42. LANDING, E. 1994. Precambrian Cambrian boundary global stratotype ratified and a new perspective of Cambrian time. Geology, 22:179- 182.
43. LAUTERBACH, K.-E. 1983. Synapomorphen zwischen Trilobiten- und Cheliceratenzweig der Arachnata. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 210:213- 238.
44. LAZARENKO, N. P. 1960. (New species of ancient plants and invertebrates of the USSR, pt. 2). In B. P. Markoviskiy (ed.), VSEGEI, Moscow, 552 p.
45. _. 1962. (New Lower Cambrian trilobites from the Soviet Arctic). Sbornik Statey po Paleontologii i Biostratigrafii, 29:29-77.
46. LERMONTOV A, E. V. 1951. (Lower Cambrian trilobites and brachiopods from eastern Siberia). Gosgeolizdat. Moscow, 218 p.
47. LIEBERMAN, B. S. 1994. Evolution of the trilobite subfamily Proetinae Salter, 1864 and the origin, diversification, evolutionary affinity and extinction of the Middle Devonian proetid fauna of Eastern North America. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 223: 1-176.
48. LINNARSSON, J. G. O. 1871. Om några forsteningar från Sveriges och Norges "Primordialzon," Ofversigt af Kongliga Svenska Vetenskaps Akademiens Forhandlingar, 6:789-796.
49. LOCHMAN, C. 1952. Trilobites. In G. A. Cooper, A. R. V. Arellano, J. H. Johnson, V. Okulitch, A. Stoyanow, and C. Lochman (eds.), Cambrian stratigraphy and paleontology near Caborca, northwestern Sonora, Mexico. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, 119:60-184.
50. LUDVIGSEN, R., AND S. R. WESTROP. 1985. Three new Upper Cambrian stages for North America. Geology, 13:139-143.
51. MADDISON, W. P., AND D. R. MADDISON. 1992. MacClade: Analysis of phylogeny and character evolution. Version 3.04. Sinauer Associates, Sunderland, MA.
52. MATTHEW, G. F 1890. On Cambrian organisms in Acadia. Royal Society of Canada Proceedings and Transactions, 7:135-162.
53. _. 1897. What is the Olenellus fauna? American Geologist, 19:396-407.
54. MCNAMARA, K. J. 1978. Paedomorphosis in Scottish olenellid trilobites (Early Cambrian). Palaeontology, 21:635-655.
55. _. 1986. The role of heterochrony in the evolution of Cambrian trilobites. Biological Reviews, 61:121-156.
56. MOBERG, J. C., AND C. O. SEGERBERG. 1906. Bidrag till Kannedomen om Ceratopyge regionen med sarskild hansyn till des utveckling i Fogelsangtraken. Meddelande fran Lunds Geologiska Faltkubb (series B), 2:1-113.
57. MORRIS, P. J., L. C. IVANY, K. M. SCHOPF, AND C. E. BRETT. 1995. The challenge of palcoecological stasis: reassessing sources of evolutionary stability. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA, 92:11269-11273.
58. NELSON, C. A. 1976. Late Precambrian Early Cambrian stratigraphie and faunal succession of eastern California and the Precambrian Cambrian boundary, p. 31-41. In J. N. Moore and A. E. Pritsche (eds.), Depositional environments of Lower Paleozoic rocks in the White Inyo Mountains, Inyo County, California. Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists, Pacific Section, Los Angeles.
59. NELTNER, L., AND N. POCTEY. 1949. Quelques faunes georgiennes du Maroc. Notes du Service Géologique Maroc, 2, no. 74:53-83.
60. PACK, P. D., AND H. D. GAYLE. 1971. A new olenellid trilobite, Biceratops nevadensis, from the Lower Cambrian near Las Vegas, Nevada. Journal of Paleontology, 45:893-898.
61. PALMER, A. R., AND R. B. HALLEY. 1979. Physical stratigraphy and trilobite biostratigraphy of the Carrara Formation (Lower and Middle Cambrian) in the southern Great Basin. U. S. Geological Survey, Professional Paper, 1047:1-131.
62. _, AND J. S. PEEL. 1979. New Cambrian faunas from Peary land, eastern North Greenland. Gronlands Geologiske Undersøgelse Rapport, 91:29-36.
63. _, AND L. N. REPINA. 1993. Through a glass darkly: taxonomy, phylogeny and biostratigraphy of the Olenellina. University of Kansas Paleontological Contributions, New Series, 3, 35 p.
64. PEACH, B. N. 1894. Additions to the fauna of the Olenellus zone of the north-west highlands. Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London, 50:661-675.
65. AND J. HÖRNE. 1892. The Olenellus zone in the northwest highlands of Scotland. Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London, 48:227-242.
66. POULSEN, V. 1974. Olenellacean trilobites from eastern North Greenland. Bulletin of the Geological Society of Denmark, 23:79-101.
67. RAMSKÖLD, L., AND G. D. EDGECOMBE. 1991. Trilobite monophyly revisited. Historical Biology, 4:267-283.
68. RAW, F. 1936. Mesonacidae of Comley in Shropshire, with a discussion of classification within the family. Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London, 92:236-293.
69. REPINA, L. N. 1961. (On the discovery of olenellids in the Lena Stage of Batenevskiy Ridge). Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR, 136:40-45.
70. _. 1979. (Dependence of morphologic features on habitat conditions in trilobites and evaluation of their significance for the systematics of the superfamily Olenelloidea). Akademiia Nauk SSSR, Sibirskoe Otdelenie, Thidy Instituta Geologii i Geofizikii, 431:11-30.
71. _. 1990. (Evolution of trilobites in the beginning stages of their historical development, p. 34-44). In O. A. Betekina and I. T. Zhuravleva (eds.), (Environment and life of the geologic past). Akademiia Nauk SSSR, Sibirskoe Otdelenie, Trudy Instituta Geologii i Geofizikii 764.
72. RESSER, C. E. 1928. Cambrian fossils from the Mohave Desert. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, 81, no. 2, 14 p.
73. _. 1938. Cambrian system (restricted) of the southern Appalachians. Geological Society of America Special Papers, No. 15, 140 p.
74. _, AND B. F. HOWELL. 1938. Lower Cambrian Olenellus zone of the Appalachians. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 49:195-248.
75. RICCIO, J. F. 1952. The Lower Cambrian Olenellidae of the southern Marble Mountains, California. Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Sciences, 51:25-49.
76. RICHTER, R. 1933. Crustacea (Palaontologie): Handworterbuch der Naturwissenschaften, 2:840-864.
77. SANDERSON, M. J., AND M. J. DONOOHUE. 1989. Patterns of variation in levels of homoplasy. Evolution, 43:1781-1795.
78. SAVITSKII, V. E., V. M. EVTUSHENKO, L. I. EGOROVA, A. E. KONTOROVICH, AND I. I. SHABANOV. 1972. Cambrian of the Siberian platform (Iudomo Oleneksk type section. Kuonamsk complex of sediments). Trudy Sibirskoe nauchno issled Institut Geologii i Geofizik mineralogii Syr', 130:1-200.
79. SDZUY, K. 1961. Das Kambrium Spaniens. Teil II: Trilobiten. 1. Abschnitt. Akademie der Wissenschaften und der Literatur Mainz, Abhandlungen der mathematisch naturwissenschaftlichen Klasse, 1961:217-312.
80. _, 1978. The Precambrian-Cambrian boundary beds in Morocco (preliminary report). Geological Magazine, 115:83-94.
81. SHAW, A. B. 1955. Paleontology of northwestern Vermont. V. The Lower Cambrian fauna. Journal of Paleontology, 29:775-805.
82. STITT, J. H., AND R. L. CLARK. 1984. A complete specimen of Peachella brevispina Palmer an unusual olenellid trilobite (Arthropoda: Olenellida) from the lower Cambrian of California. Transactions of the San Diego Society of Natural History, 20:145-150.
83. SUVOROVA, N. P. 1960. Trilobity kembriia vostoka Sibirskoi Platformy. Vypusk 2, Olenellidy Granuliariidy. Trudy Paleontologicheskogo Akademii Nauk SSSR, 84:1-230.
84. SWOFFORD, D. L. 1993. PAUP (Phylogenetic analysis using parsimony) version 3.1.1.
85. WAGGONER, B. M. 1996. Phylogenetic hypotheses of the relationships of arthropods to Precambrian and Cambrian problematic fossil taxa. Systematic Biology, 45:190-222.
86. WALCOTT, C. D. 1884. Paleontology of the Eureka district (Nevada). U. S. Geological Survey Monograph, 8:1-298.
87. _. 1885. Paleozoic notes: new genus of Cambrian trilobites, Mesonads. American Journal of Science (series 3), 29:328-330.
88. _. 1890. The fauna of the Lower Cambrian or Olenellus zone. U. S. Geological Survey, 10th Annual Report:509-763.
89. _. 1910. Olenellus and other genera of the Mesonacidae. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, 53(6):231-422.
90. _. 1913. Cambrian geology and paleontology, No. 11. New Lower Cambrian subfauna. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, 57(11): 309-326.
91. WANNER, A. 1901. A new species of Olenellus from the Lower Cambrian of York County, Pennsylvania. Proceedings of the Washington Academy of Sciences, 3:267-272.
92. WESTROP, S. R., AND R. LUDVIGSEN. 1987. Biogeographic control of trilobite mass extinction at an Upper Cambrian "biomere" boundary. Paleobiology, 13:84-99.
93. WHITFIELD, R. R 1884. Notice of some new species of primordial fossils in the collections of the Museum, and corrections of previously described species. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 1:139-154.
94. WHITTINGTON, H. B. 1989. Olenelloid trilobites: type species, functional morphology and higher classification. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B, 324:111-147.
95. WILEY, E. O. 1979. An annotated Linnaean hierarchy, with comments on natural taxa and competing systems. Systematic Zoology, 28:308- 337.