Panic patients in the non-panic state: Physiological and cognitive dysfunction

European Psychiatry

Volumn 13, Issue 1, 1998, Pages 18-25

  Dratcu, L ^a   Bond, A ^b  

^a GUY S HOSPITAL   (United Kingdom)

^b KING'S COLLEGE LONDON   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Anxiety disorders; Cognitive distortion; Electroencephalogram; Hyperventilation; Panic disorder

Indexed keywords

ANTIDEPRESSANT AGENT;

ADULT; ARTICLE; CLINICAL ARTICLE; COGNITION; DRUG EFFECT; ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAM; HUMAN; HYPERVENTILATION; PANIC; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PRIORITY JOURNAL;

EID: 0031905184     PISSN: 09249338     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0924-9338(97)86747-8     Document Type: Article

References (38)

1. 1 Abelson JL, Nesse RM, Vinik AI. Pentagastrin infusions in patients with panic disorder. II. Neuroendocrinology Biol Psychiatry 1994 ; 36 : 84-96
2. 2 American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Third Edition, Revised. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association; 1987
3. 3 American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association; 1994
4. 4 Angst J, Vollrath M. The natural history of anxiety disorders. Acta Psychiatr Scand 1991 ; 84 : 446-52
5. 5 Barlow DH, Vermilyea J, Blanchard EB, Vermilyea BB et al. The phenomenon of panic. J Abnorm Psychol 1985 ; 94 : 320-8
6. 6 Bass C. Panic attacks and hyperventitation. Br J Psychiatry 1987 ; 150 : 563-4
7. 7 Bond AJ, Lader M. The use of analogue scales in rating subjective feelings. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1974 ; 47 : 211-18
8. 8 Breier A, Charney DS, Heninger GR. Agoraphobia with panic attacks: development, diagnostic stability, and course of illness. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1986 ; 43 : 1029-36
9. 9 Cassano GB, Perugi G, Musetti L. Co-morbidity in panic disorder. Psychiatr Ann 1990 ; 20 : 517-21
10. 10 Clark DM. A cognitive approach to panic. Behav Res Ther 1986 ; 24 : 461-70
11. 11 Clark DM, Salkovskis PM, Hackmann A, Middleton H et al. A comparison of cognitive therapy, applied relaxation and imipramine in the treatment of panic disorder. Br J Psychiatry 1994 ; 164 : 759-69
12. 12 De Beurs E, Van Balkom AJLM, Lange A, Koele P, Van Dick R. Treatment of panic disorder with agoraphobia: comparison of fluvoxamine, placebo and psychological panic management combined with exposure, and of exposure in vivo alone. Am J Psychiatry 1995 ; 152 : 683-91
13. 13 Dratcu L, Bond A. Referrals for panic disorder to a clinical psychopharmacology research unit. Psychiatr Bull 1993 ; 17 : 416-17
14. 14 Dratcu L, Keating JW, Sherwood R, Lader M. A comparison of augmenting central serotonin and noradrenaline function in healthy subjects: implications for studies on the neurochemistry of anxiety. J Psychopharmacol 1995 ; 9 : 127-35
15. 15 Edelman RJ. Anxiety. Theory, Research and Intervention in Clinical and Health Psychology. Chichester: John Wiley and Sons; 1992
16. 16 Jolkkonen J, Lepola U, Bissette G, Nemeroff C, Riekkinen P. CSF corticotropin-releasing factor is not affected in panic disorder. Biol Psychiatry 1993 ; 33 : 136-8
17. 17 Kiloh LG, McComas AJ, Osselton JW, Upton ARM. Clinical Electroencephalography, Fourth Edition. London: Butterworth; 1981. p. 64-87
18. 18 Klein DF. False suffocation alarms, spontaneous panics, and related conditions. An integrative hypothesis. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1993 ; 50 : 306-17
19. 19 Lader MH, Wing L. Physiological Measures, Sedative Drugs, and Morbid Anxiety, Maudsley Monograph 14. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 1966
20. 20 Lader MH, Bruce MS. States of anxiety and their induction by drugs. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1986 ; 22 : 251-61
21. 21 Lishman WA. Organic psychiatry. The psychological consequences of cerebral disorder, Second Edition. London: Blackwell; 1987. p. 428-85
22. 22 Lum LC. Hyperventilation syndromes in medicine and psychiatry: a review. J Roy Soc Med 1987 ; 80 : 229-31
23. 23 McPherson FM. Psychology in relation to psychiatry. In: Kendell RE, Zealley AK, eds. Companion to Psychiatric Studies, Fifth Edition. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone; 1993. p. 23-42
24. 24 Nesse RM, Cameron OG, Curtis GC, McCann DS, Huber-Smith MJ. Adrenergic function in patients with panic anxiety. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1984 ; 41 : 771-6
25. 25 Nutt DJ, Lawson C. Panic attacks: a neurochemical overview of models and mechanisms. Br J Psychiatry 1992 ; 160 : 165-78
26. 26 O'Sullivan G, Harvey I, Bass C, Sheeny M et al. Psychophysiological investigations of patients with unilateral symptoms in the hyperventilation syndrome. Br J Psychiatry 1992 ; 160 : 664-7
27. 27 Rainey JM, Ettedgui E, Pohl R, Balon R et al. The β-receptor: isoproterenol anxiety states. Psychopathology 1984 ; 17 suppl 3 : 40-51
28. 28 Rosenbaum AH, Schatzberg AF, Jost FA, Cross PD et al. Urinary free cortisol levels in anxiety. Psychosomatics 1983 ; 24 : 835-7
29. 29 Roth WT, Ehlers A, Taylor CB, Margraf J, Agras WS. Skin conductance habituation in panic disorder patients. Biol Psychiatry 1990 ; 27 : 1231-43
30. 30 Roy-Byrne PP, Uhde TW, Sack D, Linnoila M, Post RM. Plasma HVA and anxiety in patients with panic disorder. Biol Psychiatry 1986 ; 21 : 849-53
31. 31 Roy-Byrne PP, Cowley DS. Course and outcome in panic disorder: a review of recent follow-up studies. Anxiety 1994/1995 ; 1 : 151-60
32. 32 Schachter S, Singer JE. Cognitive, social and physiological determinants of emotional state. Psychol Review 1962 ; 69 : 379-99
33. 33 Spielberger CD, Gorsuch RL, Lushene RE. The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Palo Alto: Consulting Psychologists Press; 1970
34. 34 Stokes PE. The neuroendocrinology of anxiety. In: Tuma AH, Maser J, eds. Anxiety and the Anxiety Disorders. Hillsdale: Lawrence Erlbaum; 198. p. 53-76
35. 35 Uhde TW, Joffe RT, Jimerson DC, Post RM. Normal urinary free cortisol and plasma MHPG in panic disorder: clinical and theoretical implications. Biol Psychiatry 1988 ; 23 : 565-85
36. 36 Vachon L. Respiratory disorders. In: Kaplan HI, Sadock BJ, eds. Comprehensive Textbook of Psychiatry, Fifth Edition. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins; 1989. p. 1198-209
37. 37 Wittchen HU, Essau CA, Krieg JC. Anxiety disorders: similarities and differences of comorbidity in treated and untreated groups. Br J Psychiatry 1991 ; 159 suppl 12 : 23-33
38. 38 Zahn TP. Psychophysiological approaches to psychopathology. In: Coles GH, Donchin E, Forges SW, eds. Psychophysiology. Systems, Processes, and Applications. Oxford: Elsevier; 1986. p. 508-610