Aging, progression, and phenotype in breast cancer

Journal of Clinical Oncology

Volumn 16, Issue 8, 1998, Pages 2686-2692

  Heimann, Ruth ^a   Hellman, Samuel ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADULT; AGED; AGING; ARTICLE; BREAST CANCER; BREAST CARCINOGENESIS; CANCER GRADING; CANCER GROWTH; CANCER STAGING; FEMALE; HUMAN; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; METASTASIS; PHENOTYPE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; TUMOR VOLUME;

EID: 0031904275     PISSN: 0732183X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1200/JCO.1998.16.8.2686     Document Type: Article

References (48)

1. Osteen R, Cady B, Chmiel JS, et al: 1991 National survey of carcinoma of the breast by the Commission on Cancer. J Am Coll Surg 178:213-219, 1994
2. Duffy SW, Tabar L, Fagerberg G, et al: Breast screening, prognostic factors and survival - Results from the Swedish two county study. Br J Cancer 64:1133-1138, 1991
3. Heimann R, Bradley J, Hellman S: The benefits of mammography are not limited to women over fifty. Cancer 82:2221-2226, 1998
4. Tabar L, Fagenberg G, Duffy SW, et al: Update of the Swedish two-county program of mammographic screening for breast cancer. Radiol Clin North Am 30:37-59, 1992
5. Hellman S: Darwin's clinical relevance. Cancer 79:2275-2281, 1997
6. Folkman J: Clinical application of research on angiogenesis. N Engl J Med 333:1757-1763, 1995
7. Folkman J: Tumor angiogenesis, in Mendelsohn J, Howley P, Israel A, et al (eds): The Molecular Basis of Cancer. Philadelphia, PA, Saunders, 1995, pp 206-224
8. Chu KC, Smart CR, Tarone RE: Analysis of breast cancer mortality and stage distribution by age for the Health Insurance Plan clinical trial. J Natl Cancer Inst 80:1125-1132, 1988
9. Nystrom L, Rutqvist LE, Wall S, et al: Breast cancer screening with mammography: Overview of Swedish randomised trials. Lancet 341:973-978, 1993
10. Andersson I, Aspergen K, Janzon L, et al: Mammographic screening and mortality from breast cancer: The Malmo mammographic screening trial. BMJ 297:943-948, 1988
11. Roberts MM, Alexander FE, Anderson TJ, et al: Edinburg trial of screening for breast cancer: Mortality at seven years. Lancet 335:241-246, 1990
12. Tabar L, Fagenberg CJ, Gad A, et al: Reduction in mortality from breast cancer after mass screening with mammography: Randomised trial from the breast cancer screening working group of the Swedish National Board of Health and Welfare. Lancet 1:829-832, 1985
13. Frissell J, Eklund G, Hellstrom L, et al: Randomized study of mammography screening - Preliminary report on mortality in the Stockholm trial. Breast Cancer Res Treat 18:49-56, 1992
14. Miller A, Baines CJ, To T, et al: Canadian national breast screening study: 1. Breast cancer detection and death rates among women aged 50 to 59 years. Can Med Assoc J 147:1477-1488, 1992
15. Hellman S: Karnofsky Memorial Lecture. Natural history of small breast cancers. J Clin Oncol 12:2229-2234, 1994
16. Koscielny S, Tubiana M, Le MG, et al: Breast cancer: Relationship between the size of the primary tumour and the probability of metastatic spread. Br J Cancer 49:709-715, 1984
17. Rosen PR, Groshen S, Saigo PE, et al: A long-term follow-up study of survival in stage I (T1N0M0) and stage II (T1N1M0) breast carcinoma. J Clin Oncol 7:355-366, 1989
18. Rosen PP, Groshen S, Kinne DW, et al: Factors influencing prognosis in node-negative breast carcinoma: Analysis of 767 T1N0M0/T2N0M0 patients with long-term follow-up. J Clin Oncol 11:2090-2100, 1993
19. Tabar L, Fagerberg G, Day NE, et al: Breast cancer treatment and natural history: New insights from results of screening. Lancet 339:412-414, 1992
20. Quiet CA, Ferguson DJ, Weichselbaum RR, et al: Natural history of node-negative breast cancer: A study of 826 patients with long-term follow up. J Clin Oncol 13:1144-1151, 1995
21. Koscielny S, Le MG, Tubiana M: The natural history of human breast cancer. The relationship between involvment of axillary lymph nodes and the initiation of distant metastases. Br J Cancer 59:775-782, 1989
22. Ferguson DJ, Meier P, Karisson T, et al: Staging of breast cancer and survival rates. An assessment based on 50 years of experience with radical mastectomy. JAMA 248:1337-1341, 1982
23. Heimann R, Ferguson D, Recant WM, et al: Breast cancer metastatic phenotype as predicted by histologic tumor markers. Cancer J Sci Am 4:224-229, 1997
24. Heimann R, Powers C, Halpern HJ, et al: Breast preservation in stage I and II carcinoma of the breast. The University of Chicago experience. Cancer 78:1722-1730, 1996
25. Tubiana M, Pejovic MH, Koscielny S, et al: Growth rate, kinetics of tumor cell proliferation and long-term outcome in human breast cancer, Int J Cancer 47:17-22, 1989
26. Bergh J, Norberg T, Sjogren S, et al: Complete sequencing of the p53 gene provides prognostic information in breast cancer patients, particularly in relation to adjuvant systemic therapy and radiotherapy. Nat Med 1:1029-1034, 1995
27. Ruley HE: p53 and response to chemotherapy and radiotherapy, in DeVita VT, Hellman S, Rosenberg S (eds): Important Advances in Oncology. Philadelphia, PA, Lippincott-Raven, 1996, pp 37-56
28. Adair F, Berg J, Joubert L, et al: Long-term followup of breast cancer patients: The 30-year report. Cancer 33:1145-1150, 1974
29. Quiet CA, Ferguson DJ, Weichselbaum RR, et al: Natural history of node-positive breast cancer: The curability of small cancers with limited number of positive nodes. J Clin Oncol 14:3105-3111, 1996
30. Hellman S, Weichselbaum RR: Oligometastases. J Clin Oncol 13:8-10, 1995 (editorial)
31. Stierer M, Rosen HR, Weber R, et al: Long term analysis of factors influencing the outcome in carcinoma of the breast smaller than one centimeter. Surg Gynecol Obst 175:151-160, 1992
32. MacDonald NJ, De La Rosa A, Steeg PS: The potential roles of nm23 in cancer metastasis and cellular differentiation. Eur J Cancer 31A:1096-1100, 1995
33. Steeg PS, De La Rosa A, Flatow U, et al: Nm23 and breast cancer metastasis. Breast Cancer Res Treat 25:175-187, 1993
34. Heimann R, Ferguson D, Gray S, et al: Assessment of intratumoral vascularization (angiogenesis) in breast cancer prognosis. Breast Cancer Res Treat (in press)
35. Heimann R, Ferguson D, Powers C, et al: Angiogenesis as a predictor of long-term survival for patients with node-negative breast cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 88:1764-1769, 1996
36. Heimann R, Ferguson D, Hellman S: The relationship of nm23 and angiogenesis to the metastatic propensity of node-negative breast cancer. Cancer Res 58:2766-2771, 1998
37. Heimann R, Ferguson D, Powers C, et al: Angiogenesis and estrogen receptor in young women with breast cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 39:136, 1997 (suppl 2, abstr)
38. Roth D, Bayat H: The role of residual tumor in the chest wall in late dissemination of mammary cancer. Ann Surg 168:887-890, 1968
39. Overgaard M, Hansen PS, Overgaard J, et al: Postoperative radiotherapy in high-risk premenopausal women with breast cancer who receive adjuvant chemotherapy. Danish Breast Cancer Cooperative Group 82b trial. N Engl J Med 337:949-955, 1997
40. Ragaz J, Jackson SM, Le N, et al: Adjuvant radiotherapy and chemotherapy in node-positive premenopausal women with breast cancer. N Engl J Med 337:956- 962, 1997
41. Mayr E: This Is Biology. The Science of the Living World. Cambridge, MA, Belknap, 1997
42. Hellman S: Stopping metastases at their source. N Engl J Med 337:996-997, 1997 (editorial)
43. Holmgren L, O'Reilly MS, Folkman J: Dormancy of micrometastases: Balanced proliferation and apoptosis in the presence of angiogenesis suppression. Nat Med 1:149-153, 1995
44. Gershon RK, Carter RL, Kondo K: On concomitant immunity in tumour-bearing hamsters. Nature 213:674-676, 1967
45. O'Reilly MS, Holmgren L, Shing Y, et al: Angiostatin: A novel angiogenesis inhibitor that mediates the suppression of metastases by a Lewis lung carcinoma. Cell 79:315-328, 1994
46. O'Reilly MS, Holmgren L, Shing Y, et al: Angiostatin: A circulating endothelial cell inhibitor that suppresses angiogenesis and tumor growth. Cold Spring Harbor Symp Quant Biol 59:471-482, 1994
47. O'Reilly MS, Boehm T, Shing Y, et al: Endostatin: An endogenous inhibitor of angiogenesis and tumor growth. Cell 88:277-285, 1997
48. Dobzhansky T: Genetics of the Evolutionary Process. New York, NY, Columbia University, 1970