The sodium channel has four domains surrounding a central pore

Journal of Structural Biology

Volumn 121, Issue 3, 1998, Pages 314-325

  Sato, Chikara ^a   Sato, Masahiko ^b   Iwasaki, Akio ^c   Doi, Takeshi ^c   Engel, Andreas ^d  

^a ELECTROTECHNICAL LABORATORY   (Japan)

^b Itoham Foods Inc   (Japan)

^c Kowa Research Institute   (Japan)

^d UNIVERSITY OF BASEL   (Switzerland)

Author keywords

Affinity purification; Antibody; Calcium channel; Electron microscopy; Negative stain; Potassium channel; Single particle analysis; Sodium channel; Structure; Voltage sensitive ion channel

Indexed keywords

MEMBRANE PROTEIN; SODIUM CHANNEL;

ARTICLE; ELECTRON MICROSCOPY; ELECTROPHORUS; IMMUNOAFFINITY CHROMATOGRAPHY; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN DOMAIN; PROTEIN STRUCTURE;

ELECTROPHORUS; ELECTROPHORUS ELECTRICUS;

EID: 0031902319     PISSN: 10478477     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1006/jsbi.1998.3990     Document Type: Article

References (70)

1. Bean B. P. Classes of calcium channels in vertebrate cells. Annu. Rev. Physiol. 51:1989;367-384.
2. Bretaudiere J.-P., Frank J. Reconstitution of molecule images analysed by correspondence analysis, A tool for structural interpretation. J. Microsc. 144:1986;1-14.
3. Butler A., Wei A., Baker K., Salkoff L. A family of putative potassium channel genes in Drosophila. Science. 243:1989;943-947.
4. Catterall W. A. Voltage-dependent gating of sodium channels: Correlating structure and function. Trends Neurosci. 9:1986;7-10.
5. Catterall W. A. Structure and function of voltage-sensitive ion channels. Science. 242:1988;50-61.
6. Chabala L. D., Urban B. W., Weiss L. B., Green W. N., Andersen O. S. Steady-state gating of batrachotoxin-modified sodium channels. Variability and electrolyte-dependent modulation. J. Gen. Physiol. 98:1991;197-224.
7. Chahine M., George A. L. Jr., Zhou M., Sun S., Ji W., Barchi R. L., Horn R. Sodium channel mutations in paramyotonia congenita uncouple inactivation from activation. Neuron. 12:1994;281-294.
8. Durell S. R., Guy H. R. Atomic scale structure and functional models of voltage-gated potassium channels. Biophys. J. 62:1992;238-250.
9. Ellisman M. H., Miller J. A., Agnew W. S. Molecular morphology of the tetrodotoxin-binding sodium channel protein fromElectrophorus electricus. J. Cell Biol. 97:1983;1834-1840.
10. Frank J., Bretaudiere J.-R., Carazo J.-M., Verschoor A., Wagenknecht T. Classification of images of biomolecular assemblies. A study of ribosomes and ribosomal subunits of Escherichia coli. J. Microsc. 150:1988;99-115.
11. Frank J., Goldfarb W., Eisenberg D., Baker T. S. Reconstruction of glutamine synthetase using computer averaging. Ultramicroscopy. 3:1978;283-290.
12. Frank J., Verschoor A., Boublik M. Computer averaging of electron micrographs of 40S ribosomal subunits. Science. 214:1981;1353-1355.
13. Frech G. C., VanDongen A. M. JA. M., Schuster G., Brown A. M., Joho R. H. A novel potassium channel with delayed rectifier properties isolated from rat brain by expression cloning. Nature. 340:1989;642-645.
14. Gordon R. D., Fieles W. E., Schotland D. L., Hogue-Angeletti R., Barchi R. L. Topographical localization of the C-terminal region of the voltage- dependent sodium channel fromElectrophorus electricus. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 84:1987;308-312.
15. Guy H. R., Seetharamulu P. Molecular model of the action potential sodium channel. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 83:1986;508-512.
16. Heinemann S. H., Terlau H., Stühmer W., Imoto K., Numa S. Calcium channel characteristics conferred on the sodium channel by single mutations. Nature. 356:1992;441-443.
17. Hille B. Ionic Channels of Excitable Membranes. 1992;Sinauer, Sunderland.
18. Hodgkin A. L., Huxley A. F. A quantitative description of membrane current and its application to conduction and excitation in nerve. J. Physiol. 117:1952;500-544.
19. Ishikawa E., Yoshitake S., Imagawa M., Sumiyoshi A. Preparation of monomeric Fab′-horseradish peroxidase conjugate using thiol groups in the hinge and its evaluation in enzyme immunoassay and immunohistochemical staining. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 420:1983;74-89.
20. Jan L. Y., Jan Y. N. Tracing the roots of ion channels. Cell. 69:1992;715-718.
21. James W. M., Agnew W. S. Multiple oligosaccharide chains in the voltage sensitive Na channel fromElectrophorus electricus. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 148:1987;817-826.
22. Kandel E. R., Schwartz J. H. Molecular Biology of learning: Modulation of transmitter release. Science. 218:1982;433-443.
23. Kayano T., Noda M., Flockerzi V., Takahashi H., Numa S. Primary structure of rat brain sodium channel III deduced from the cDNA sequence. FEBS Lett. 228:1988;187-194.
24. Kim M.-S., Morii T., Sun L.-X., Imoto K., Mori Y. Structural determinants of ion selectivity in brain calcium channel. FEBS Lett. 318:1993;145-148.
25. Kyte J., Doolittle R. F. A simple method for displaying the hydropathic character of a protein. J. Mol. Biol. 157:1982;105-132.
26. Laemmli U. K. Cleavage of structural proteins during the assembly of the head of bacteriophage T4. Nature (London). 227:1970;680-685.
27. Li M., Unwin N., Stauffer K. A., Jan Y.-N., Jan L. Y. Images of purified shaker potassium channels. Current Biol. 4:1994;110-115.
28. +. Neuron. 19:1997;175-184.
29. Livingston D. M. Immunoaffinity chromatography of proteins. Methods Enzymol. 34:1974;723-731.
30. MacKinnon R. Determination of the subunit stoichiometry of a voltage-activated potassium channel. Nature. 350:1991;232-235.
31. +. Science. 250:1990;276-279.
32. Mikami A., Imoto K., Tanabe T., Niidome T., Mori Y., Takeshima H., Narumiya S., Numa S. Primary structure and functional expression of the cardiac dihydropyridine-sensitive calcium channel. Nature. 340:1989;230-233.
33. Miller J. A., Agnew W. S., Levinson S. R. Principal glycopeptide of the tetrodotoxin/saxitoxin binding protein fromElectrophorus electricus. Biochemistry. 22:1983;462-470.
34. Mori Y., Friedrich T., Kim M.-S., Mikami A., Nakai J., Ruth P., Bosse E., Hofmann F., Flockerzi V., Furuichi T., Mikoshiba K., Imoto K., Tanabe T., Numa S. Primary structure and functional expression from complementary DNA of a brain calcium channel. Nature. 350:1991;398-402.
35. Nakayama H., Hatanaka Y., Yoshida E., Oka K., Takanohashi M., Amano Y., Kanaoka Y. Photolabeled sites with a tetrodotoxin derivative in the domain III and IV of the electroplax sodium channel. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 184:1992;900-907.
36. Nakayama H., Nakayama K., Nonomura Y., Kobayashi M., Kangawa K., Matsuo H., Kanaoka Y. A topographical study of the electroplax sodium channel with site-directed antibodies. Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 1145:1993;134-140.
37. Noda M., Shimizu S., Tanabe T., Takai T., Kayano T., Ikeda T., Takahashi H., Nakayama H., Kanaoka Y., Minamino N., Kangawa K., Matsuo H., Raftery M. A., Hirose T., Inayama S., Hayashida H., Miyata T., Numa S. Primary structure ofElectrophorus electricus. Nature. 312:1984;121-127.
38. Noda M., Ikeda T., Kayano T., Suzuki H., Takeshima H., Kurasaki M., Takahashi H., Numa S. Existence of distinct sodium channel messenger RNAs in rat brain. Nature. 320:1986;188-192.
39. Ohsawa K., Ebata N. Silver stain for detecting 10-femtogram quantities of protein after polyacrylamide Gel electrophoresis. Anal. Biochem. 135:1983;409-415.
40. Ptacek L. J., George A. L. Jr., Griggs R. C., Tawil R., Kallen R. G., Barchi R. L., Robertson M., Leppert M. F. Identification of a mutation in the gene causing hyperkalemic periodic paralysis. Cell. 67:1991;1021-1027.
41. Pusch M., Noda M., Stühmer W., Numa S., Conti F. Single point mutations of the sodium channel drastically reduce the pore permeability without preventing its gating. Eur. Biophys. J. 20:1991;127-133.
42. Rojas E., Armstrong C. M. Sodium conductance activation without inactivation in pronase-perfused axons. Nature New Biol. 229:1971;177-178.
43. Sato C., Matsumoto G. Primary structure of squid sodium channel deduced from the complementary DNA sequence. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 186:1992a;61-68.
44. Sato C., Matsumoto G. Proposed tertiary structure of the sodium channel. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 186:1992b;1158-1167.
45. Sato C., Matsumoto G. Sodium channel functioning based on an octagonal structure model. J. Membr. Biol. 147:1995;45-70.
46. Saxton W. O., Baumeister W. The correlation averaging of a regularly arranged bacterial cell envelope protein. J. Microsc. 127:1982;127-138.
47. Saxton W. O. Semper: Distortion, compensation, selective averaging, 3-d reconstitution, and transfer function correlation in a highly programmable system. J. Struct. Biol. 116:1996;230-236.
48. Schirmer, T. General and specific porins from bacterial outer membranes, J. Struct. Biol.
49. Smith P. K., Krohn R. I., Hermanson G. T., Mallia A. K., Gartner F. H., Provenzano M. D., Fujimoto E. K., Goeke N. M., Olson B. J., Klenk D. C. Measurement of protein using bicinchoninic acid. Anal. Biochem. 150:1985;76-85.
50. Spencer R., Sokolov Y., Li H., Takenaka B., Milici A. J., Aiyar J., Nguyen A., Park H., Jap B. K., Hall J. E., Gutman G. A., Chandy K. G. Purification, visualization, and biophysical characterization of Kv1.3 tetramers. J. Biol. Chem. 272:1997;2389-2395.
51. Stühmer W., Conti F., Suzuki H., Wang X., Noda M., Yahagi N., Kubo H., Numa S. Structural parts involved in activation and inactivation of the sodium channel. Nature. 339:1989;597-603.
52. Tanabe T., Takeshima H., Mikami A., Flockerzi V., Takahashi H., Kangawa K., Kojima M., Matsuo H., Hirose T., Numa S. Primary structure of the receptor for calcium channel blockers from skeletal muscle. Nature. 328:1987;313-318.
53. Tang S., Mikala G., Bahinski A., Yatani A., Varadi G., Schwartz A. Molecular localization of ion selectivity sites within the pore of a human L- type cardiac calcium channel. J. Biol. Chem. 268:1993;13026-13029.
54. Tempel B. L., Papazian D. M., Schwarz T. L., Jan Y. N., Jan L. Y. Sequence of a probable potassium channel component encoded at Shaker Locus of Drosophila. Science. 237:1987;770-775.
55. Tempel B. L., Jan Y. N., Jan L. Y. Cloning of a probable potassium channel gene from mouse brain. Nature. 332:1988;837-839.
56. Terlau H., Heinemann S. H., Stühmer W., Pusch M., Conti F., Imoto K., Numa S. Mapping the site of block by tetrodotoxin and saxitoxin of sodium channel II. FEBS Lett. 293:1991;93-96.
57. Thomsen W. J., Catterall W. A. Localization of the receptor site for α-scorpion toxins by antibody mapping: Implications for sodium channel topology. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 86:1989;10161-10165.
58. Towbin H., Staehelin T., Gordon J. Electrophoretic transfer of proteins from polyacrylamide gels to nitrocellulose sheets, procedure and some applications. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 76:1979;4350-4354.
59. Trimmer J. S., Cooperman S. S., Tomiko S. A., Zhou J., Crean S. M., Boyle M. B., Kallen R. G., Sheng Z., Barchi R. L., Sigworth F. J., Goodman R. H., Agnew W. S., Mandel G. Primary structure and functional expression of a mammalian skeletal muscle sodium channel. Neuron. 3:1989;33-49.
60. Tsien R. W. Calcium channels in excitable cell membranes. Annu. Rev. Physiol. 45:1983;341-358.
61. Unger V. M., Kumar N. M., Gilula N. B., Yeager M. Projection structure of a gap junction membrane channel at 7 Å resolution. Nature Struct. Biol. 4:1997;39-43.
62. Unser M., Trus B. L., Steven A. C. A new resolution criterion based on spectral signal-to-noise ratios. Ultramicroscopy. 23:1987;39-52.
63. Unwin, N. The nicotinic acetylcholine receptor of the Torpedo electric ray, J. Struct. Biol.
64. van Heel M. Multivariate statistical classification of noisy images (randomly oriented biological macromolecules). Ultramicroscopy. 13:1984;165-183.
65. Vassilev P. M., Scheuer T., Catterall W. A. Identification of an intracellular peptide segment involved in sodium channel inactivation. Science. 241:1988;1658-1661.
66. Walz T., Hirai T., Murata K., Heymann J. B., Mitsuoka K., Fujiyoshi Y., Smith B. L., Agre P., Engel A. The three-dimensional structure of aquaporin-1. Nature. 387:1997;624-627.
67. +. Science. 248:1990;599-603.
68. Yellen G., Jurman M. E., Abramson T., MacKinnon R. Mutations affecting internal TEA blockade identify the probable pore forming region of a K+ channel. Science. 251:1991;939-942.
69. Yokoyama S., Imoto K., Kawamura T., Higashida H., Iwabe N., Miyata T., Numa S. Potassium channels from NG108-15 neuroblastoma-glioma hybrid cells. Primary structure and functional expression from cDNAs. FEBS Lett. 259:1989;37-42.
70. Yuuki H., Hasunuma Y., Komazawa K., Yatohgo T., Sato M., Nakamura T., Yanaihara N. A sensitive enzyme immunoassay specific for salmon calcitonin. Biomed. Res. 17:1996;257-259.