Posture and locomotion in the rat: Independent or interdependent development?

Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews

Volumn 22, Issue 4, 1998, Pages 547-553

  Gramsbergen, Albert ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER GRONINGEN   (Netherlands)

Author keywords

CTB; Dendrite bundles; Development; EMG; Gastrocnemius muscle; Locomotion; Longissimus muscle; Posture; Rat

Indexed keywords

ANIMAL CELL; BODY POSTURE; ELECTROMYOGRAPHY; LEG MOVEMENT; LOCOMOTION; MOTOR CONTROL; NEUROANATOMY; NEUROPHYSIOLOGY; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RAT; REVIEW; WALKING;

EID: 0031901122     PISSN: 01497634     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0149-7634(97)00043-2     Document Type: Article

References (43)

1. Altman, J. and Bayer, S.A., The Development of the Rat Spinal Cord. Advances in Anatomy Embryology and Cell Biology, 85. Springer, Berlin, 1984.
2. Altman J., Sudarshan K. Postnatal development of locomotion in the laboratory rat. Animal Behaviour. 23:1975;896-920.
3. Angulo y Gonzalez A. W. The prenatal development of behavior in the albino rat. Journal of Comparative Neurology. 55:1932;395-442.
4. Auclair F., Béclair M.-C., Marchand R. Ontogenetic study of early brain stem projections to the spinal cord in the rat. Brain Research Bulletin. 30:1993;281-289.
5. Bekoff A., Trainer W. The development of interlimb coordination during swimming in postnatal rats. Journal of Experimental Biology. 83:1979;1-11.
6. Bekoff A., Lau B. Interlimb coordination in 20-day-old rat fetuses. Journal of Experimental Zoology. 214:1980;173-175.
7. Berridge K. C., Fentress J. C. Deafferentation does not disrupt natural rules of action syntax. Behaviour and Brain Research. 23:1987;69-76.
8. Bril B., Ledebt A. Head coordination as a means to assist sensory integration in learning to walk. Neuroscience and BioBehavioral Reviews. 22:1998;555-563.
9. Cajal, S. y, Histologie du systeme nerveux de l'homme et des vertebrés. Maloine, Paris, 1911.
10. Carlson H., Halbertsma J., Zomlefer M. Control of trunk during walking in the cat. Acta Physiologica Scandinavica. 105:1979;251-253.
11. Cazalets J. R., Menard I., Crémieux J., Clarac F. Variability as a characteristic of immature motor systems: and electromyographic study of swimming in the newborn rat. Behaviour and Brain Research. 40:1990;215-225.
12. De Vries, J. I. P., Visser, G. H. A. and Prechtl, H. F. R., Fetal motility in the first half of pregnancy. In: Continuity of Neural Functions from Prenatal to Postnatal Life, ed. H. F. R. Prechtl. Clinics in Developmental Medicine, 94. Blackwell, Oxford, 1984, pp. 46-64.
13. Forssberg H. Ontogeny of human locomotor control: I. Infant stepping, supported locomotion, and transition to independent locomotion. Experimental Brain Research. 57:1985;480-493.
14. Geisler H. C., Westerga J., Gramsbergen A. Development of posture in the rat. Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis. 53:1993;517-523.
15. Geisler H. C., Westerga J., Gramsbergen A. The function of the long back muscles; and EMG study in the rat. Brain and Behaviour Research. 80:1996;211-215.
16. Geisler H.C., Gramsbergen A. Motor development after vestibular deprivation in rats. Neuroscience and BioBehaviour Reviews. 22:1998;565-569.
17. Geisler, H. C., Gramsbergen, A., Development of the EMG of the long back muscles after vestibular deprivation. Journal of Vestibular Research (in press).
18. Gramsbergen A., Schwartze P., Prechtl H. F. R. The postnatal development of behavioural states in the rat. Developmental Psychobiology. 3:1970;267-280.
19. Gramsbergen, A. and IJkema-Paassen, J., The effects of early cerebellar hemispherectomy in the rat: behavioral, neuroanatomical and electrophysiological sequelae. In Early Brain Damage. Vol. 2, Neurobiology and Behavior, ed. C. R. Almli and S. Finger. Academic Press, New York, 1984, pp. 155-177.
20. Gramsbergen A., IJkema-Paassen J., Westerga J., Geisler H. C. Dendrite bundles in motoneuronal pools of axial and extremity muscles. Experimental Neurology. 137:1996;34-42.
21. Gramsbergen A., IJkema-Paassen J., Klok F. Factors influencing the development of dendrite bundles in the rat's spinal cord. Society of Neuroscience Abstracts. 21:1995;1790.
22. Gramsbergen A., Van der Aa M., Geisler H.C. Aspects of postural development. Equine Vet. J. Suppl. 23:1997;66-70.
23. Gramsbergen, A. and Geisler, H. C., Posture and locomotion in the developing rat, an EMG study. Brain and Behaviour Research (in press).
24. Joosten E. A., Gribnau A. A., Dederen P. J. Postnatal development of the corticospinal tract in the rat. An ultrastructural anterograde HRP study. Anatomy and Embryology. 179:1989;449-456.
25. Kernell D. The final common pathway in postural control - developmental perspective. Neuroscience and BioBehavioral Reviews. 22:1998;479-484.
26. Kudo N., Yamada T. Morphological and physiological studies of development of the monosynaptic reflex pathway in the rat lumbar spinal cord. Journal of Physiology. 389:1987;441-459.
27. Lakke E. A. J. F., Marani E. The prenatal descent of rubro-spinal fibers through the spinal cord of the rat: a study using retrograde transport of (WGA-) HRP. Journal of Comparative Neurology. 314:1991;67-78.
28. Massion, J., Feedforward control of posture and equilibrium during movement performance. In Electrophysiological Kinesiology, ed. A. Pedotti. IOS Press, Amsterdam, 1993, pp. 9-17.
29. Massion J. Postural control systems in developmental perspective. Neuroscience and BioBehavioral Reviews. 22:1998;465-472.
30. Narayanan C. N., Fox M. W., Hamburger V. Prenatal development of spontaneous and evoked activity in the rat (Rattus norvegicus albinus). Behaviour. 40:1971;100-134.
31. O'Hanlon G. M., Lowrie M. B. Both afferent and efferent connections influence postnatal growth of motoneuron dendrites in the rat. Developmental Neuroscience. 16:1994;100-107.
32. Prechtl, H. F. R., Continuity and change in early neural development. In Continuity of Neural Functions from Prenatal to Postnatal Life, ed. H. F. R. Prechtl. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, 1984, pp. 1-15.
33. Peiper A. Die Schreitbewegungen der Neugeborenen. Monatsschrift für Kinderheilkunde. 45:1929;444-456.
34. Reback P. A., Scheibel A. B., Smith J. L. Development and maintenance of dendrite bundles after cordotomy in exercised and non-exercised cats. Experimental Neurology. 76:1982;428-440.
35. Roney K. J., Scheibel A. B., Shaw G. L. Dendritic bundles: survey of anatomical experiments and physiological theories. Brain Research Reviews. 1:1979;225-271.
36. Scheibel M. E., Scheibel A. B. Developmental relationship between spinal motoneuron dendrite bundles and patterned activity in the hind limb of cats. Experimental Neurology. 29:1970;328-335.
37. Scheibel M. E., Scheibel A. B. Dendrite bundles as sites for central programs: an hypothesis. International Journal of Neuroscience. 6:1973;195-202.
38. Schreyer D. J., Jones E. H. G. Topographic sequence of outgrowth of corticospinal axons in the rat: a study using retrograde labeling with Fast Blue. Developmental Brain Research. 38:1988;89-101.
39. Westerga J., Gramsbergen A. The development of locomotion in the rat. Developmental Brain Research. 57:1990;163-174.
40. Westerga J., Gramsbergen A. Structural changes of the soleus and tibialis anterior motoneuron pool during development. Journal of Comparative Neurology. 319:1992;406-416.
41. Westerga J., Gramsbergen A. Changes in the electromyogram of two major hindlimb muscles during locomotor development in the rat. Experimental Brain Research. 92:1993;479-488.
42. Westerga J., Gramsbergen A. Development of the EMG of the soleus muscle in the rat. Developmental Brain Research. 80:1994;233-243.
43. Zomlefer M. R., Provencher J., Blanchette G., Rossignol S. Electromyographic study of lumbar back muscles during locomotion in acute high decerebrate and in low spinal cats. Brain Research. 290:1984;249-260.