Seasonal reorganization of subglacial drainage inferred from measurements in boreholes

Hydrological Processes

Volumn 12, Issue 1, 1998, Pages 105-133

  Gordon, Shulamit ^a   Sharp, Martin ^a   Hubbard, Bryn ^b   Smart, Chris ^c   Ketterling, Brad ^c   Willis, Ian ^d  

^a UNIVERSITY OF ALBERTA   (Canada)

^b ABERYSTWYTH UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

^c UNIVERSITY OF WESTERN ONTARIO   (Canada)

^d UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Boreholes; Glacier hydrology; Subglacial drainage; Water quality

Indexed keywords

BOREHOLES; ELECTRIC CONDUCTIVITY MEASUREMENT; GLACIERS; HYDROLOGY; PRESSURE EFFECTS; WATER LEVELS; WATER QUALITY;

BASAL MELTWATER; TURBIDITY;

DRAINAGE;

BOREHOLE; DRAINAGE CHANNEL; GLACIAL HYDROLOGY; MELTWATER; SUBGLACIAL DRAINAGE; WATER QUALITY;

SWITZERLAND, HAUT GLACIER D'HAUT;

EID: 0031899539     PISSN: 08856087     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1099-1085(199801)12:1<105::aid-hyp566>3.0.co;2-#     Document Type: Article

References (34)

1. Alley, R. B. 1996. 'Towards a hydrologic model for computerised ice-sheet simulations', Hydrol. Process., 10, 649-660.
2. Arnold, N. S., Willis, I. C., Sharp, M., Richards, K. S., and Lawson, W. 1996. 'A distributed surface energy balance model for a small valley glacier. I. Development and testing for the Haut Glacier d'Arolla, Valais, Switzerland', J. Glaciol., 42, 77-89.
3. Arnold, N. S., Richards, K. S., Willis, I. C., and Sharp, M. In press. 'Initial results from a semi-distributed, physically-based model of glacier hydrology', Hydrol. Process., in press.
4. Bindschadler, R. A. 1983. 'The importance of pressurised subglacial water in separation and sliding at the glacier bed', J. Glaciol., 29, 3-19.
5. Brown, G. H., Sharp, M., Tranter, M., Nienow, P., and Gurnell, A. M. 1994. 'The impact of post-mixing chemical reactions on the major ion chemistry of bulk meltwaters draining the Haut Glacier d'Arolla, Valais, Switzerland', Hydrol. Process., 8, 465-480.
6. Brown, G. H., Tranter, M., and Sharp, M. J. 1996. 'Experimental investigations of the weathering of suspended sediment by alpine glacial meltwater', Hydrol. Process., 10, 579-598.
7. Boulton, G. S. and Hindmarsh, R. C. A. 1987. 'Sediment deformation beneath glaciers: rheology and geological consequences', J. Geophys. Res. 92 (B9), 8903-8911.
8. Clarke, G. K. C. 1996. 'Lumped element analysis of subglacial hydraulic circuits', J. Geophys. Res., 101 (B8), 17547-17559.
9. Copland, L., Harbor, J., Gordon, S., and Sharp, M. 1997. The use of borehole video in the investigation of the hydrology of a temperate glacier', Hydrol. Process., 11, 211-224.
10. Engelhardt, H. F. 1978. 'Water in glaciers: observations and theory of the behaviour of water levels in boreholes', Z. Gletscher. Glazialgeol., 14, 35-60.
11. Fountain, A. G. 1994. 'Borehole water level variations and implications for the subglacial hydraulics of South Cascade Glacier, Washington State, USA', J. Glaciol., 40, 293-304.
12. Gordon, S. 1996. 'Borehole-based investigations of subglacial hydrology', MSc Thesis, University of Alberta, 142 pp.
13. Hantz, D. and Lliboutry, L. 1983. 'Waterways, ice permeability at depth, and water pressures at Glacier d'Argentière, French Alps', J. Glaciol., 29, 227-239.
14. Harbor, J. M., Sharp, M., Copland, L., Hubbard, B., Nienow, P., and Mair, D. 1997. 'The influence of subglacial drainage conditions on the distribution of velocity within a glacier cross-section', Geology, 25, 739-742.
15. Hodge, S. M. 1976. 'Direct measurement of basal water pressure: a pilot study', J. Glaciol., 16, 205-218.
16. Hooke, R. LeB., Wold, B. and Hagen, J.-O. 1985. 'Subglacial hydrology and sediment transport at Bondhusbreen, south-west Norway', Geol. Soc. Am. Bull., 96, 388-397.
17. Hubbard, B. P. 1992. 'Basal ice facies and their formation in the western Alps', PhD Thesis, University of Cambridge. 258 pp.
18. Hubbard, B., Sharp, M., Willis, I. C., Nielsen, M., and Smart, C. C. 1995. 'Borehole water level variations and the structure of the subglacial hydrological system of Haut Glacier d'Arolla, Switzerland', J. Glaciol. 41, 572-583.
19. Iken, A. 1981. 'The effect of the subglacial water pressure on the sliding velocity of a glacier in an idealised numerical model', J. Glaciol., 27, 407-421.
20. Iken, A. and Bindschadler, R. A. 1986. 'Combined measurements of subglacial water pressure and surface velocity of Findelengletscher, Switzerland: conclusions about drainage system and sliding mechanism', J. Glaciol., 32, 101-119.
21. Kamb, W. B. 1987. 'Glacier surge mechanism based on linked cavity configuration of the basal water conduit system', J. Geophy. Res., 92, (B9), 9083-9100.
22. Ketterling, B. 1995. 'Electrical conductivity of waters in glacier boreholes', MSc Thesis, University of Western Ontario. 156 pp.
23. Lamb, H., Tranter, M., Brown, G. H., Gordon, S., Hubbard, B., Nielsen, M., Sharp, M., Smart, C. C., and Wallis, I. C. 1995. 'The composition of meltwaters sampled from boreholes at the Haut Glacier d'Arolla, Switzerland', IAHS Publ., 228, 395-403.
24. Murray, T. and Clarke, G. K. C. 1995. 'Black-box modelling of the subglacial water system', J. Geophys. Res., 100 (B7), 10231-10245.
25. Nienow, P. W. 1993. 'Dye-tracer investigations of glacier hydrological systems', PhD Thesis, University of Cambridge. 337 pp.
26. Richards, K. S., Sharp, M., Arnold, N., Gurnell, A. M., Clark, M., Tranter, M., Nienow, P., Brown, G. H., Willis, I. C., and Lawson, W. 1996. 'An integrated approach to modelling hydrology and water quality in glacierized catchments', Hydrol. Process., 10, 479-508.
27. Sharp, M., Richards, K. S., Willis, I. C., Arnold, N., Nienow, P., and Tison, J.-L. 1993. 'Geometry, bed topography and drainage system structure of the Haut Glacier d'Arolla, Switzerland', Earth Surf. Process. Landf., 18, 557-571.
28. Smart, C. C. Statistical evaluation of boreholes as indicators of basal drainage systems', Hydrol. Process., 10, 599-614.
29. Stone, D. B. and Clarke, G. K. C. 1993. 'Estimation of subglacial hydraulic properties from induced changes in basal water pressure: a theoretical framework for borehole response tests', J. Glaciol., 39, 327-340.
30. Stone, D. B. and Clarke, G. K. C. 1996. 'In situ measuremems of basal water quality and pressure as an indicator of the character of subglacial drainage systems', Hydrol. Process., 10, 615-628.
31. Stone, D. B., Clarke, G. K. C., and Blake, E. W. 1993. 'Subglacial measurement of turbidity and electrical conductivity', J. Glaciol., 39, 415-420.
32. Tranter, M., Brown, G. H., Raiswell, R., Sharp, M.. and Gurnell, A. M. 1993 'A conceptual model of solute acquisition by alpine glacial meltwaters', J. Glaciol., 39, 573-581.
33. Tranter, M., Sharp, M., Willis, I. C., Brown, G. H., Hubbard, B., Nielsen, M., Smart, C. C., Gordon, S., Lamb, H., and Tully, M. 1997. 'Variability in the chemical composition of in situ subglacial meltwalers', Hydrol. Process., 11, 59-77.
34. Walder, J. S. 1986. 'Hydraulics of subglacial cavities', J. Glaciol., 32, 439-445.