Catechin and epicatechin concentrations of red wines: Regional and cultivar-related differences

American Journal of Enology and Viticulture

Volumn 49, Issue 1, 1998, Pages 23-34

  Goldberg, David M ^a   Karumanchiri, Alex ^b   Tsang, Elisa ^b   Soleas, George J ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO   (Canada)

^b NONE

Author keywords

Cabernet Sauvignon; Catechin; Epicatechin; Flavonoids; Merlot; Pinot noir; Shiraz; Wine

Indexed keywords

BORDEAUX; CANADA; CATECHIN; EPICATECHIN; FRANCE; HIGH PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY; SECONDARY METABOLITE; VITIS VINIFERA; WINE PRODUCTION;

EID: 0031896590     PISSN: 00029254     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (67)

1. Achilli, G., G. P. Cellerino, and P. H. Gamache. Identification and determination of phenolic constituents in natural beverages and plant extracts by means of a coulometric electrode array system. J. Chromatogr. 632:111-117 (1993).
2. Byers, T., and B. Bowman. Vitamin E supplements and coronary heart disease. Nutr. Rev. 51:333-336 (1993).
3. Chan, P. H., J. W. Schimidley, R. A. Fishman, and S. M. Longar. Brain injury, edema and vascular permeability changes induced by oxygen-derived free radicals. Neurology 34:315-320 (1984).
4. Chang, W.-S., Y. Lee, F. Lu, and H. Chiang. Inhibitory effects of flavonoids on xanthine oxidase. Anticancer Res . 13:2165-2170 (1993).
5. Corvazier, E., and J. Maclouf. Interference of some flavonoids and non-steroidal drugs with oxidative metabolism of arachidonic acid by human platelets and neutrophils. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 835:315-321 (1985).
6. Criqui, M. H. Alcohol and coronary heart disease: consistent relationship and public health implications. Clin. Chim. Acta 246:51-57 (1996).
7. Criqui, M. H., and B. L. Ringel. The French Paradox: Does diet or alcohol explain the difference? Lancet 344:1719-1723 (1994).
8. Dumon, M. C., J. Michaud, and J. Masquelier. Dosage des procyanides des pepins de raisin de cepages rouges et blancs du Bordelais. Bull OIV 64:533-542 (1991).
9. Frankel, E. N., J. Kanner, J. B. German, E. Parks, and J. E. Kinsella. Inhibition of oxidation of human low-density lipoprotein by phenolic substances in red wine. Lancet 341:454-457 (1993).
10. Frankel, E. N., A. L. Waterhouse, and P. L. Teissedre. Principal phenolic phyto-chemicals in selected California wines and their antioxidant activity in inhibiting oxidation of human low-density lipoproteins. J. Agric. Food Chem. 43:890-894 (1995).
11. Gaziano, J. M. Antioxidant vitamins and coronary artery disease risk. Am. J. Med. 97: 185-195 (1994).
12. Gaziano, J. M., J. E. Buring, J. L. Breslow, S. Z. Goldhaber, B. Rosner, M. Van Denburgh, W. Willet, and C. H. Hennekens. Moderate alcohol intake, increased levels of high-density lipoprotein and its subactions and decreased risk of myocardial infarction. N. Engl. J. Med. 329:1829-1834 (1993).
13. Goldberg, D. M., S. E. Hahn, and J. G. Parkes. Beyond alcohol: beverage consumption and cardiovascular mortality. Clin. Chim. Acta 237:155-187 (1995).
14. Goldberg, D. M., E. Ng, A. Karumanchiri, E. P. Diamandis, and G. J. Soleas. Resveratrol glucosides are important components of commercial wines. Am. J. Enol. Vitic. 47:415-420 (1996).
15. Goldberg, D. M., E. Ng, J. Yan, A. Karumanchiri, G. J. Soleas, and E. P. Diamandis. Regional differences in resveratrol isomer concentrations of wines from various cultivars. J. Wine Res. 7:13-24 (1996).
16. Goldberg, D. M., E. Tsang, A. Karumanchiri, E. P. Diamandis, G. Soleas, and E. Ng. Method to assay the concentrations of phenolic constituents of biological interest in wines. Anal. Chem. 68:1688-1694 (1996).
17. Goldberg, D. M., J. Yan, E. Ng, E. P. Diamandis, A. Karumanchiri, G. Soleas, and A. L. Waterhouse. A global survey of trans-resveratrol concentrations in commercial wines. Am. J. Enol. Vitic. 46:159-165 (1995).
18. Gronbaek, A. D., T. I. A. Sorensen, U. Becker, P. Schnohr, and G. Jensen. Mortality associated with moderate intakes of wine, beer, or spirits. Br. Med. J. 310:1165-1169 (1995).
19. Gryglewski, R., R. Korbut, J. Robak, and J. Swies. On the mechanism of anti-thrombotic action of flavonoids. Biochem. Pharmacol. 36:317-322 (1987).
20. Hearse, D. J., A. S. Manning, J. M. Downey, and D. M. Yellon. Xanthine oxidase: A critical mediator of myocardial injury during ischemia and reperfusion. Acta. Physiol. Scand. (Suppl) 548:65-78 (1986).
21. Hegsted, D. M., and L. M. Ausman. Diet, alcohol and coronary heart disease in men. J. Nutr. 118:1184-1189 (1988).
22. Hertog, M. G. L., P. C. H. Hollman, and M. B. Katan. Content of potentially anticarcinogenic flavonoids of 28 vegetables and 9 fruits commonly consumed in The Netherlands. J. Agric. Food Chem. 40:2379-2383 (1992).
23. Hertog, M. G. L., P. C. H. Hollman, and P. Van de Putte. Content of potentially anti-carcinogenic flavonoids of tea infusions, wines, and fruit juices. J. Agric. Food Chem. 41:1242-1246 (1993).
24. Igarashi, K., and M. Ohmuma. Effects of isorhamnetin, rhamnetin, and quercetin on the concentrations of cholesterol and lipoperoxide in the serum and liver and on the blood and liver antioxidative enzyme activities of rats. Biosci. Biotech. Biochem. 59:595-601 (1995).
25. Ikeda I, T. Imasato, E. Sasaki, M. Nakayama, H. Nagao, T. Takeo, F. Yayabe, and M. Sugano. Tea catechins decrease micellar solubility and intestinal absorption of cholesterol in rats. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1129:141-146 (1992).
26. Jaworski, A. W., and C. Y. Lee. Fractionation and HPLC determination of grape phenolics. J. Agric. Food Chem. 35:257-259 (1987).
27. Jeandet, P., R. Bessis, M. Sbaghi, P. Meunier, and P. Trollat. Resveratrol content of wines of different ages: relationship with fungal disease pressure in the vineyard. Am. J. Enol. Vitic. 46:1-4 (1995).
28. Kannel, W. B., and R. C. Ellison. Alcohol and coronary heart disease: the evidence for a protective effect. Clin. Chim. Acta 246:59-76 (1996).
29. Kanner J., E. Frankel, R. Granit, B. German, and J. E. Kinsella. Natural antioxidants in grapes and wines. J. Agric. Food Chem. 42:64-69 (1994).
30. Klatsky, A. L., M. A. Armstrong, and G. D. Friedman. Relations of alcoholic beverage use to subsequent coronary artery disease hospitalization. Am. J. Cardiol. 58:710-714 (1986).
31. Klurfeld, D. M., and D. Kritchevsky. Differential effects of alcoholic beverages on experimental atherosclerosis in rabbits. Exp. Mol. Pathol. 34:62-71 (1981).
32. Kovac, V., E. Alonso, and E. Revilla. The effect of adding supplementary quantities of seeds during fermentation on the phenolic composition of wines. Am. J. Enol. Vitic. 46:363-367 (1995).
33. Kovac, V., M. Bourzeix, N. Heredia, and T. Ramos. Etudes des catechins et proanthocyanidols de raisins et vins blancs. Rev. Fr. Oenol. 125:7-15 (1990).
34. Landolfi, R., R. Mower, and M. Steiner. Modification of platelet function and arachidonic acid metabolism by bioflavonoids. Biochem. Pharmacol. 33:1525-1530 (1984).
35. Lea, A. G. H., P. Bridle, C. F. Timberlake, and V. L. Singleton. The procyanidins of white grapes and wines. Am. J. Enol. Vitic. 30:289-300 (1979).
36. Lichine, A. New Encyclopedia of Wines and Spirits ( (3rd ed.). pp 442-464. Alfred A. Knopf, New York (1984).
37. Liu, L., and A. Castonguay. Inhibition of the metabolism and genotoxicity of 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) in rat hepatocytes by (+)-catechin. Carcinogenesis 12:1203-1208 (1991).
38. Nagel, C. W., and L. W. Wulf. Changes in the anthocyanins, flavonoids and hydroxy-cinnamic acid esters during fermentation and aging of Merlot and Carbenet Sauvignon. Am. J. Enol. Vitic. 30:111-116 (1979).
39. Nakayama, T. Suppression of hydroperoxide-induced cytotoxicity by polyphenols. Cancer Res. 54:1991s-1993s (1994).
40. Nanji, A. A. Alcohol and ischemic heart disease: wine, beer, or both? Int. J. Cardiol. 8:487-489 (1985).
41. Negre-Salvayre, A., Y. Alomar, M. Troly, and R. Salvayre. Ultraviolet-treated lipoproteins as a model system for the study of the biological effects of lipid peroxides on cultured cells. The protective effect of antioxidants (probucol, catechin, Vitamin E) against the cytotoxicity of oxidized LDL occurs in two ways. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1096:291-300 (1991).
42. Renaud, S. C., A. D. Beswick, A. M. Fehily, D. S. Sharp, and P. C. Elwood. Alcohol and platelet aggregation: the Caerphilly prospective heart disease study. Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 55:1012-1017 (1992).
43. Renaud, S., and M. De Lorgeril. Wine, alcohol, platelets, and the French paradox for coronary heart disease. Lancet 339:1523-1526 (1992).
44. Ridker, P. M., D. E. Vaughan, M. J. Stampfer, R. J. Glynn, and C. H. Hennekens. Association of moderate alcohol consumption and plasma concentration of endogenous tissue-type plasminogen activator. JAMA 272:929-933 (1994).
45. Rimm, E. B., A. Klatsky, D. Grobbe, and M. J. Stampfer. Review of moderate alcohol consumption and reduced risk of coronary heart disease: is the effect due to beer, wine, or spirits? Br. Med. J. 312:731-736 (1996).
46. Ross, R. The pathogenesis of atherosclerosis: a perspective for the 1990s. Nature 362:801-809 (1993).
47. Ruch, R. J., S. Cheng, and J. E. Klaunig. Prevention of cytotoxicity and inhibition of intercellular communication by antioxidant catechins isolated from Chinese green tea. Carcinogenesis 10:1003-1008 (1989).
48. Ruckstuhl, M., A. Beretz, R. Anton, and Y. Landry. Flavonoids are selective cGMP phosphodiesterase inhibitors. Biochem. Pharmacol. 28:535-538 (1979).
49. Salagoity-Auguste, M.-H., and A. Bertrand. Wine phenolics -Analysis of low molecular weight components by high performance liquid chromatography. J. Sci. Food Agric. 35:1241-1247 (1984).
50. Salah, N., N. J. Miller, G. Paganga, L. Tijburg, G. P. Bolwell, and C. Rice-Evans. Polyphenolic flavonols as scavangers of aqueous phase radicals and as chain breaking antioxidants. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 322:339-346 (1995).
51. Scott, B. C., J. Butler, B. Halliwell, and O. I. Aruoma. Evaluation of the antioxidant actions of ferulic acid and catechins. Free Radic. Res. Commun. 19:241-253 (1993).
52. Seigneur, M., J. Bonnet, B. Dorian, D. Benchimol, F. Drouillet, G. Gouverneur, J. Larue, R. Crockett, M.-R. Boisseau, P. Ribéreau-Gayon, and H. Brichaud. Effect of the consumption of alcohol, white wine, and red wine on platelet function and serum lipids. J. Appl. Cardiol. 5:215-222 (1990).
53. Singleton, V. L. Grape and wine phenolics; background and prospects. In: Proceedings of the University of California, Davis, Grape and Wine Centennial Symposium. A. D. Webb (Ed). pp 215-227. University of California Press, Davis (1982).
54. th ed). Ames: The Iowa State University Press (1967).
55. Soleas, G. J., J. Dam, M. Carey, E. P. Diamandis, and D. M. Goldberg. Towards the chemical fingerprinting of wines: Cultivar-related patterns of polyphenolic constituents in Ontario wines. J. Agric. Food Chem. 45:3871-3880 (1997).
56. Soleas, G. J., E. P. Diamandis, A. Karumanchiri, and D. M. Goldberg. A multiresidue derivatization gas-chromatographic assay for fifteen phenolic constituents with mass selective detection. Anal. Chem. 45:3995-4003 (1997).
57. St. Leger, A. S., A. L. Cochrane, and F. Moore. Factors associated with cardiac mortality in developed countries with particular reference to the connumption of wine. Lancet 1:1017-1020 (1979).
58. Stampfer, M. J., and E. B. Rimm. Epidemiologic evidence for Vitamin E in prevention of cardiovascular disease. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 62:13658-13698 (1995).
59. Steinberg, D., S. Parsatharathy, T. E. Carew, J. C. Khoo, and J. L. Witztum. Beyond cholesterol. Modifications of low-density lipoprotein that increase its atherogenicity. New Engl. J. Med. 320:915-924 (1989).
60. Subirade, I., Y. Femandez, A. Periquet, and S. Mitjavila. Catechin protection of 3T3 Swiss fibroblasts in culture under oxidative stress. Biol. Trace Elem. Res. 47:313-319 (1995).
61. Suh, I., J. Shaten, J. A. Cutler, and J. A. Juller. Alcohol use and mortality from coronary heart disease: the role of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Ann. Intern.Med. 116:881-887 (1992).
62. Teissedre, P. L., E. N. Frankel, A. L. Waterhouse, H. Peleg, and J. B. Gemman. Inhibition of In Vitro human LDL oxidation by phenolic antioxidants from grapes and wines. J. Sci. Food Agric. 70:55-61 (1996).
63. Terao, J., M. Piskula, and Q. Yao. Protective effect of epicatechin, epicatechin gallate, and quercetin on lipid peroxidation in phospholipid bilayers. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 308:278-284 (1994).
64. Witztum, J. L. The oxidation hypothesis of atherosclerosis. Lancet 344:793-795 (1994).
65. Yano, K., C. G. Rhoads, and A. Kagan. Coffee, alcohol and risk of coronary heart disease among Japanese men living in Hawaii. N. Engl. J. Med. 297:405-409 (1977).
66. Yokozawa, T., H. Oura, H. Nakagawa, S. Sakamaka, and M. Kim. Effects of a component of green tea on the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells. Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem. 59:2134-2136 (1995).
67. Yutin, C., Z. Ronglian, J. Zhongjian, and J. Yong. Flavonoids as superoxide scavengers and antioxidants. Free Radic. Biol. Med. 9:19-21 (1990).