Doppler echocardiography of the main stems of the pulmonary arteries in the normal human fetus

Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology

Volumn 11, Issue 3, 1998, Pages 173-179

  Chaoui, R ^a,c   Taddei, F ^a   Rizzo, G ^b   Bast, C ^a   Lenz, F ^a   Bollmann, R ^a  

^a HUMBOLDT UNIVERSITY   (Germany)

^b UNIVERSITY OF ROME TOR VERGATA   (Italy)

^c CHARITÉ UNIVERSITÄTSMEDIZIN BERLIN   (Germany)

Author keywords

Color Doppler sonography; Doppler echocardiography; Fetal lung; Fetal lung vessels; Right and left pulmonary arteries

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; BLOOD FLOW VELOCITY; CARDIOLOGY; COLOR ULTRASOUND FLOWMETRY; DOPPLER ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY; FETUS; HEART VENTRICLE EJECTION TIME; HUMAN; LUNG ARTERY PRESSURE; MEAN ARTERIAL PRESSURE; NORMAL HUMAN; PREGNANCY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PULMONARY ARTERY; VASCULAR RESISTANCE;

EID: 0031895457     PISSN: 09607692     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1046/j.1469-0705.1998.11030173.x     Document Type: Article

References (38)

1. Allan LD, Chita SK, Al Ghazali W, Crawford DC, Tynan M. Doppler echocardiographic evaluation of the normal human fetal heart. Br Heart J 1987;57:528-33
2. Rizzo G, Arduini D, Romanini C. Doppler echocardiographic assessment of fetal cardiac function. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 1992;2:434-45
3. Chaoui R, Heling K-S, Taddei F, Bollmann R. (Doppler-echocardiographic assessment of blood flow over the fetal aortic and pulmonary valves in the second half of pregnancy) (German). Geburtshilfe Frauenbeilk 1995;.55:207-17
4. Brezinka C, Gittenberger de Groot A, Wladimiroff JW. The fetal ductus arteriosus, a review. Zentbl Gynäkol 1993;10:423-32
5. Hecher K, Camphell S, Snijders R, Nicolaides KH. Reference ranges for fetal venous atrioventricular blood flow parameters. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 1994;4:381-90
6. Kiserud T, Eik-Nes SH, Blaas H-G, Hellevik LR. Ultrasonographic velocimetry of the fetal ductus venosus. Lancet 1991; 338:1412-14
7. De Vore GR. Color Doppler examination of the outflow tracts of the fetal heart: a technique for identification of cardiovascular malformations. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 1994;4:463-71
8. St John Sutton MG, Groves A, MacNeill A, Sharland GK, Allan LD. Assessment of changes in blood flow through the lungs and foramen ovale in the normal human fetus with gestational age: a prospective Doppler echocardiographic study. Br Heart 1994;71:232-7
9. De Vore GR, Horenstein J. Simultaneous Doppler recording of the pulmonary artery and vein: a new technique for the evaluation of a fetal arrhythmia. J Ultrasound Med 1993;12:669-71
10. Emerson DS, Cartier MS. The fetal pulmonary circulation. In Copel JA, Reed KL, eds. Doppler Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology. New York: Raven Press, 1995:307-23
11. Rasanen J, Huhta JC, Weiner S, Wood DC, Ludomirsky A. Fetal branch pulmonary arterial vascular impedance during the second half of pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1996;174:1441-9
12. Chaoui R, Taddei F, Bast C, Lenz F, Kalache K, Heling K-S, Bollmann R. [Standardized planes for Doppler sonography of the fetal lung arteries] (German). Ultrscball Klin Prax 1996;10:118-23
13. Taddei F, Chaoui R, Lenz F, Bast C, Kalache K, Heling K-S, Bollmann R. [Doppler examination of the fetal left and right pulmonary artery: a methodical study] (German). Ultrasball Med 1997;18:14-18
14. Laudy JAM, de Riddler MA, Wladimiroff J. Doppler velocimetry in branch pulmonary arteries of normal human fetuses during the second half of gestation. Pediatr Res 1997;41:897-901
15. Allan LD, Machado MV. Acceleration time in the aorta and pulmonary artery measured by Doppler echocardiography in the mid-trimester normal human fetus. Br Heart J 1988;59:639-40
16. Rizzo G, Arduini D, Romanini C, Mancuso S. Doppler echocardiographic assessment of time to peak velocity in the aorta and pulmonary artery of small for gestational age fetuses. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 1990;97:603-7
17. Rizzo G, Capponi A, Chaoui R, Taddei F, Arduini D, Romanini C. Blood flow velocity waveforms from peripheral pulmonary arteries in normally grown and growth retarded fetuses. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 1996;8:87-92
18. Rudolph AM, Heymann MA. Circulatory changes during growth in the fetal lamb. Circ Res 1970;26:289-99
19. Heymann MA, Lewis AB, Rudolph AM. Pulmonary vascular responses during advancing gestation in fetal lambs in utero. Chest 1977;71:270-1
20. Lewis AB, Heymann MA Rudolph AM. Gestational changes in pulmonary vascular responses in fetal lambs in utero. Circ Res 1976;39:.S36-41
21. Rizzo G, Arduini D. Fetal cardiac function in intrauterine growth retardation, Am J Obstet Gynecol 1991;165:876-82
22. Rasanen J, Wood DC, Weiner S, Ludomirsky A, Huhta JC. Role of the pulmonary circulation in the distribution of human fetal cardiac output during the second half of pregnancy. Circulation 1996;94:1068-73
23. Laudy JAM, Huisman TWA, de Riddler MAJ, Wladimiroff JW. Normal fetal pulmonary venous blood flow velocity. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 1995;6:277-81
24. Better DJ, Kaufman S, Allan LD. The normal pattern of pulmonary venous flow on pulsed Doppler examination of the human fetus. J Am Soc Echocardiol 1996;9:281-5
25. Chaoui R, Lenz F, Bast C, Rizzo G, Taddei F, Bollmann R. Fetal pulmonary vein flow in normal hearts and in hearts with left-sided obstruction (abstr.). Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 1996;10:Suppl., 140
26. Angelini A, Allan LD, Anderson RH, Crawford DC, Chita SK, Ho SY. Measurements of the dimensions of the aortic and pulmonary pathways in the human fetus: a correlative echocardiographic and morphometric study. Br Heart J 1988;60:221-6
27. Tan J, Silverman NH, Hoffman JI, Villegas M, Schmidt KG. Cardiac dimensions determined by cross-sectional echocardiography in the normal human fetus from 18 weeks to term. Am J Cardiol 1992;70:1459-67
28. Hislop A, Reid L. Intrapulmonary arterial development during fetal life: branching pattern and structure. J Anat 1972;113:35-48
29. Levin D, Rudolph A, Heymann M, Phibbs R. Morphological development of the pulmonary vascular bed in fetal lambs. Circulation 1976;53:144-51
30. Morin F, Egan E, Ferguson W, Lundgren C. Development of pulmonary vascular response to oxygen. Am J Physiol 1988;23:542-6
31. Kitabatake A, Inoue M, Asao M, Masuyama T, Tanouchi J, Morita T, Mishima M, Uematsu M, Shimazu T, Hori M, Abe H. Noninvasive evaluation of pulmonary hypertension by a pulsed Doppler technique. Circulation 1983;68:302-9
32. Kosturakis D, Goldberg SJ, Allen HD, Loeber C. Doppler echocardiographic prediction of pulmonary arterial hypertension in congenital heart disease. Am J Cardiol 1984;53:1110-15
33. Hata T, Senoh D, Makihara K, Aoki S, Hata K, Takamiya O, Kitao M. Fetal cardiac time intervals determined by Doppler echocardiography. J Perinat Med 1989;17:85-92
34. Wilson N, Reed K, Allen HD, Marx GR, Goldberg SJ. Doppler echocardiographic observations of pulmonary and transvalvular velocity changes after birth and during the early neonatal period. Am Heart J 1987;113:750-8
35. Levin DL, Hyman AI, Hermann MA, Rudolph AM. Fetal hypertension and the development of increased pulmonary vascular smooth muscle: a possible mechanism for persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn infant. J Pediatr 1978;92:265-9
36. Tulzer G. Peripheral artery Doppler in normal fetuses and fetuses with hypoplastic lungs (abstr.). J Matern Fetal Invest 1993;3:200
37. Laudy JA, Gaillard JL, vd Anker JN, Tibboel D, Wladimiroff JW. Doppler ultrasound imaging: a new technique to detect lung hypoplasia before birth? Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 1996;7:189-92
38. Chaoui R, Taddei F, Bast C, Lenz F, Kalache K, Hartung J, Bollmann R. [Sonography of the fetal pulmonary circulation] (German). Gynäkologe 1997;30:230-9