메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 178, Issue 1-2, 1998, Pages 9-25

Biochemical and molecular mechanisms regulating apoptosis

Author keywords

Apoptosis; bcl 2; c myc; Caspases; CD95 (Fas); DNA fragmentation; p53; Programmed cell death; Signal transduction

Indexed keywords

DNA FRAGMENT; FAS ANTIGEN; GROWTH FACTOR; MYC PROTEIN; PROTEIN P53;

EID: 0031887273     PISSN: 03008177     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1023/A:1006891430596     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (54)

References (312)
  • 1
    • 0015117787 scopus 로고
    • Shrinkage necrosis: A distinct mode of cellular death
    • Kerr JFR: Shrinkage necrosis: a distinct mode of cellular death. J Pathol 105: 13-20, 1971
    • (1971) J Pathol , vol.105 , pp. 13-20
    • Kerr, J.F.R.1
  • 2
    • 0015383455 scopus 로고
    • Apoptosis: A basic biological phenomenon with wide ranging implications in tissue kinetics
    • Kerr JFR, Wyllie AH, Currie AR: Apoptosis: a basic biological phenomenon with wide ranging implications in tissue kinetics. Br J Cancer 26: 239-257, 1972
    • (1972) Br J Cancer , vol.26 , pp. 239-257
    • Kerr, J.F.R.1    Wyllie, A.H.2    Currie, A.R.3
  • 3
    • 84915943405 scopus 로고
    • Cell deaths in normal vertebrate ontogeny
    • Glucksmann A: Cell deaths in normal vertebrate ontogeny. Biol Rev Cambridge Philos Soc 26: 59-86, 1951
    • (1951) Biol Rev Cambridge Philos Soc , vol.26 , pp. 59-86
    • Glucksmann, A.1
  • 4
    • 0025283961 scopus 로고
    • Developmental cell death: Morphological diversity and multiple mechanisms
    • Clarke PGH: Developmental cell death: morphological diversity and multiple mechanisms. Anat Embryol 181: 195-213, 1990
    • (1990) Anat Embryol , vol.181 , pp. 195-213
    • Clarke, P.G.H.1
  • 6
    • 0027252529 scopus 로고
    • Apoptosis or programmed cell death?
    • Bowen ID: Apoptosis or programmed cell death? Cell Biol Int 17: 365-380, 1993
    • (1993) Cell Biol int , vol.17 , pp. 365-380
    • Bowen, I.D.1
  • 8
    • 0028362689 scopus 로고
    • Apoptosis and steroid hormones
    • Thompson EB: Apoptosis and steroid hormones. Mol Endocrinol 8: 665-673, 1994
    • (1994) Mol Endocrinol , vol.8 , pp. 665-673
    • Thompson, E.B.1
  • 9
    • 0027513268 scopus 로고
    • Apoptosis
    • Cohen JJ: Apoptosis. Immunol Today 14: 126-130, 1993
    • (1993) Immunol Today , vol.14 , pp. 126-130
    • Cohen, J.J.1
  • 11
    • 0029893702 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The origin of programmed cell death
    • Ameisen JC: The origin of programmed cell death. Science 272: 1278-1279, 1996
    • (1996) Science , vol.272 , pp. 1278-1279
    • Ameisen, J.C.1
  • 12
    • 0026698173 scopus 로고
    • Apoptosis induced by anticancer drugs
    • Hickman JA: Apoptosis induced by anticancer drugs. Cancer Metastasis Rev 11: 121-139, 1992
    • (1992) Cancer Metastasis Rev , vol.11 , pp. 121-139
    • Hickman, J.A.1
  • 13
    • 0027479977 scopus 로고
    • Apoptosis: The biochemistry and molecular biology of programmed cell death
    • Schwarteman RA, Cidlowski JA: Apoptosis: The biochemistry and molecular biology of programmed cell death. Endocr Rev 14: 133-151, 1993
    • (1993) Endocr Rev , vol.14 , pp. 133-151
    • Schwarteman, R.A.1    Cidlowski, J.A.2
  • 14
    • 0028943734 scopus 로고
    • Apoptosis in the pathogenesis and treatment of disease
    • Thompson CB: Apoptosis in the pathogenesis and treatment of disease. Science 267: 1456-1462, 1995
    • (1995) Science , vol.267 , pp. 1456-1462
    • Thompson, C.B.1
  • 15
  • 17
    • 0027401607 scopus 로고
    • The multi step nature of cancer
    • Vogelstein B, Kinzler KW: The multi step nature of cancer. Trends Genet 9: 138-141, 1993
    • (1993) Trends Genet , vol.9 , pp. 138-141
    • Vogelstein, B.1    Kinzler, K.W.2
  • 18
    • 0029812292 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Streptozotocin at low doses induces apoptosis and at high doses causes necrosis in a murine pancreatic cell line, INS-1
    • Saini KS, Thompson C, Winterford CM, Walker NI, Cameron DP: Streptozotocin at low doses induces apoptosis and at high doses causes necrosis in a murine pancreatic cell line, INS-1. Biochem Mol Biol Int 39: 1229-1236, 1996
    • (1996) Biochem Mol Biol int , vol.39 , pp. 1229-1236
    • Saini, K.S.1    Thompson, C.2    Winterford, C.M.3    Walker, N.I.4    Cameron, D.P.5
  • 19
    • 0016774373 scopus 로고
    • An electron microscopy study of the mode of cell death induced by cancer-chemotherapeutic agents in populations of proliferating normal and neoplastic cells
    • Searle J, Lawson TA, Abbott PJ, Harmon BV, Kerr JFR: An electron microscopy study of the mode of cell death induced by cancer-chemotherapeutic agents in populations of proliferating normal and neoplastic cells. J Pathol 116: 129-138, 1975
    • (1975) J Pathol , vol.116 , pp. 129-138
    • Searle, J.1    Lawson, T.A.2    Abbott, P.J.3    Harmon, B.V.4    Kerr, J.F.R.5
  • 21
    • 0028278094 scopus 로고
    • Apoptosis: A mechanism of cell killing by influenza A and B viruses
    • Hinshaw VS, Olsen CW, Dybdahl-Sissoko N, Evans D: Apoptosis: a mechanism of cell killing by influenza A and B viruses. J Virol 68: 3667-3673, 1994
    • (1994) J Virol , vol.68 , pp. 3667-3673
    • Hinshaw, V.S.1    Olsen, C.W.2    Dybdahl-Sissoko, N.3    Evans, D.4
  • 23
    • 0029912978 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Temporal changes in chromatin, intracellular calcium, and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase during sindbis virus-induced apoptosis of neuroblastoma cells
    • Ubol S, Park S, Budihardjo I, Desnoyers S, Montrose MH, Poirier GG, Kaufman SH, Griffin DE: Temporal changes in chromatin, intracellular calcium, and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase during sindbis virus-induced apoptosis of neuroblastoma cells. J Virol 70: 2215-2220, 1996
    • (1996) J Virol , vol.70 , pp. 2215-2220
    • Ubol, S.1    Park, S.2    Budihardjo, I.3    Desnoyers, S.4    Montrose, M.H.5    Poirier, G.G.6    Kaufman, S.H.7    Griffin, D.E.8
  • 24
    • 0028326952 scopus 로고
    • An evolutionary perspective on apoptosis
    • Vaux DL, Haecker G, Strasser A: An evolutionary perspective on apoptosis. Cell 76: 777-779, 1994
    • (1994) Cell , vol.76 , pp. 777-779
    • Vaux, D.L.1    Haecker, G.2    Strasser, A.3
  • 26
    • 0028956550 scopus 로고
    • Regulators of cell death
    • Korsmeyer SJ: Regulators of cell death. Trends Genet 11: 101-105, 1995
    • (1995) Trends Genet , vol.11 , pp. 101-105
    • Korsmeyer, S.J.1
  • 28
    • 0028927607 scopus 로고
    • The fas death factor
    • Nagata S, Golstein P: The fas death factor. Science 267: 1449-1456, 1995
    • (1995) Science , vol.267 , pp. 1449-1456
    • Nagata, S.1    Golstein, P.2
  • 29
    • 0029995766 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A license to kill
    • Fraser A, Evan G: A license to kill. Cell 85: 781-784, 1996
    • (1996) Cell , vol.85 , pp. 781-784
    • Fraser, A.1    Evan, G.2
  • 30
    • 0030267395 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Apoptosis: Telling cells their time is up
    • Nagata S: Apoptosis: telling cells their time is up. Curr Biol 6: 1241-1243, 1996
    • (1996) Curr Biol , vol.6 , pp. 1241-1243
    • Nagata, S.1
  • 31
    • 0026557269 scopus 로고
    • Transcriptional transactivation functions localised to the glucocorticoid receptor N terminus are necessary for steroid induction of lymphocyte apoptosis
    • Dieken ES, Miesfield RL: Transcriptional transactivation functions localised to the glucocorticoid receptor N terminus are necessary for steroid induction of lymphocyte apoptosis. Mol Cell Biol 12: 589-597, 1992
    • (1992) Mol Cell Biol , vol.12 , pp. 589-597
    • Dieken, E.S.1    Miesfield, R.L.2
  • 35
    • 0029872210 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Apoptosis induced by transforming growth factor-β in fetal hepatocyte primary cultures: Involvement of reactive oxygen intermediates
    • Sanchez A, Alvarez AM, Bentio M, Fabregat I: Apoptosis induced by transforming growth factor-β in fetal hepatocyte primary cultures: involvement of reactive oxygen intermediates. J Biol Chem 271: 7416-7422, 1996
    • (1996) J Biol Chem , vol.271 , pp. 7416-7422
    • Sanchez, A.1    Alvarez, A.M.2    Bentio, M.3    Fabregat, I.4
  • 36
    • 0030069102 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Apoptosis in human hepatoma cell line induced by 4,5-didehydrogeranylgeranoic acid (acyclic retinoid) via down-regulation of transforming growth factor-α
    • Nakamura N, Shidoji Y, Moriwaki H, Muto Y: Apoptosis in human hepatoma cell line induced by 4,5-didehydrogeranylgeranoic acid (acyclic retinoid) via down-regulation of transforming growth factor-α. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 219: 100-104, 1996
    • (1996) Biochem Biophys Res Commun , vol.219 , pp. 100-104
    • Nakamura, N.1    Shidoji, Y.2    Moriwaki, H.3    Muto, Y.4
  • 38
    • 0029066512 scopus 로고
    • FAP-1: A protein tyrosine phosphatase that associates with fas
    • Sato T, Irie S, Kitada S, Reed JC: FAP-1: a protein tyrosine phosphatase that associates with fas. Science 268: 411-415, 1995
    • (1995) Science , vol.268 , pp. 411-415
    • Sato, T.1    Irie, S.2    Kitada, S.3    Reed, J.C.4
  • 41
    • 0028984182 scopus 로고
    • IFN-γ receptor-deficient mice are hypersensitive to the anti-CDS-induced cytokine release syndrome and thymocyte apoptosis: Protective role of endogenous nitric oxide
    • Matthys P, Froyen G, Verdot L, Huang S, Sobis H, Van Damme J, Vray B, Aguet M, Billiau A: IFN-γ receptor-deficient mice are hypersensitive to the anti-CDS-induced cytokine release syndrome and thymocyte apoptosis: protective role of endogenous nitric oxide. J Immunol 155: 3823-3829, 1995
    • (1995) J Immunol , vol.155 , pp. 3823-3829
    • Matthys, P.1    Froyen, G.2    Verdot, L.3    Huang, S.4    Sobis, H.5    Van Damme, J.6    Vray, B.7    Aguet, M.8    Billiau, A.9
  • 42
    • 0030240383 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Switching on the proliferation or apoptosis of activated human T lymphocytes by IFN-γ is correlated with the differential expression of the α- And β-chains of its receptor
    • Novelli F, Bernabei P, Ozmen L, Rigamonti L, Allione A, Pestka S, Garotta G, Forni G: Switching on the proliferation or apoptosis of activated human T lymphocytes by IFN-γ is correlated with the differential expression of the α- and β-chains of its receptor. J Immunol 157: 1935-1943, 1996
    • (1996) J Immunol , vol.157 , pp. 1935-1943
    • Novelli, F.1    Bernabei, P.2    Ozmen, L.3    Rigamonti, L.4    Allione, A.5    Pestka, S.6    Garotta, G.7    Forni, G.8
  • 44
    • 0029891083 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fc receptor off-signal in the B cell involves apoptosis
    • Ashman RF, Peckham D, Stunz L: Fc receptor off-signal in the B cell involves apoptosis. J Immunol 157: 5-11, 1996
    • (1996) J Immunol , vol.157 , pp. 5-11
    • Ashman, R.F.1    Peckham, D.2    Stunz, L.3
  • 45
    • 0029943433 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stimulation of phosphatidylinositol turnover is a key event for fas-dependent activation-induced apoptosis in human T lymphocytes
    • Izquirdo M, Ruiz-Ruiz MC, Lopez-Rivas A: Stimulation of phosphatidylinositol turnover is a key event for fas-dependent activation-induced apoptosis in human T lymphocytes. J Immunol 157: 21-28, 1996
    • (1996) J Immunol , vol.157 , pp. 21-28
    • Izquirdo, M.1    Ruiz-Ruiz, M.C.2    Lopez-Rivas, A.3
  • 47
    • 0029743824 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hierarchical control of lymphocyte survival
    • Boise LH, Thompson CB: Hierarchical control of lymphocyte survival. Science 274: 67-68, 1996
    • (1996) Science , vol.274 , pp. 67-68
    • Boise, L.H.1    Thompson, C.B.2
  • 50
    • 0027145632 scopus 로고
    • Molecular cloning and expression of the fas ligand: A novel member of the tumor necrosis factor family
    • Suda T, Takahashi T, Golstein P, Nagata, S: Molecular cloning and expression of the fas ligand: a novel member of the tumor necrosis factor family. Cell 75: 1169-1178, 1993
    • (1993) Cell , vol.75 , pp. 1169-1178
    • Suda, T.1    Takahashi, T.2    Golstein, P.3    Nagata, S.4
  • 54
    • 0029898073 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The CD95 (APO-1/Fas) receptor activates NF-kB independently of its cytotoxic function
    • Ponton A, Clement MV, Stamenkovic I: The CD95 (APO-1/Fas) receptor activates NF-kB independently of its cytotoxic function. J Biol Chem 271: 8991-8995, 1996
    • (1996) J Biol Chem , vol.271 , pp. 8991-8995
    • Ponton, A.1    Clement, M.V.2    Stamenkovic, I.3
  • 58
    • 0029978182 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sequential activation of ICE-like and CPP32-like proteases during fas-mediated apoptosis
    • Enari M, Talanian RV, Wong WW, Nagata S: Sequential activation of ICE-like and CPP32-like proteases during fas-mediated apoptosis. Nature 380: 723-726, 1996
    • (1996) Nature , vol.380 , pp. 723-726
    • Enari, M.1    Talanian, R.V.2    Wong, W.W.3    Nagata, S.4
  • 59
    • 0029946043 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fas mediates apoptosis in human monocytes by a reactive oxygen intermediate dependent pathway
    • Um HD, Orenstein JM, Wahl SM: Fas mediates apoptosis in human monocytes by a reactive oxygen intermediate dependent pathway. J Immunol 156: 3469-3477, 1996
    • (1996) J Immunol , vol.156 , pp. 3469-3477
    • Um, H.D.1    Orenstein, J.M.2    Wahl, S.M.3
  • 60
    • 0030065418 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Superoxide anion is a natural inhibitor of fas-mediated cell death
    • Clement MV, Stamenkovic I: Superoxide anion is a natural inhibitor of fas-mediated cell death. EMBO J 15: 218-225, 1996
    • (1996) EMBO J , vol.15 , pp. 218-225
    • Clement, M.V.1    Stamenkovic, I.2
  • 63
    • 0028805524 scopus 로고
    • Apoptosis by a cytosolic extract from fas-activated cells
    • Enari M, Hase A, Nagata S: Apoptosis by a cytosolic extract from fas-activated cells. EMBO J 14: 5201-5208, 1995
    • (1995) EMBO J , vol.14 , pp. 5201-5208
    • Enari, M.1    Hase, A.2    Nagata, S.3
  • 65
    • 0029952319 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Apoptosis of nur77/N10-transgenic thymocytes involves the fas/fas ligand pathway
    • Weih F, Ryseck RP, Chen L, Bravo R: Apoptosis of nur77/N10-transgenic thymocytes involves the fas/fas ligand pathway. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 93: 5533-5538, 1996
    • (1996) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.93 , pp. 5533-5538
    • Weih, F.1    Ryseck, R.P.2    Chen, L.3    Bravo, R.4
  • 68
    • 0029935682 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Involvement of the CD95 (apo-1/fas) receptor/ligand system in drug-induced apoptosis in leukemic cells
    • Friesen C, Herr I, Krammer PH, Debatin KM: Involvement of the CD95 (apo-1/fas) receptor/ligand system in drug-induced apoptosis in leukemic cells. Nature Med 2: 574-577, 1996
    • (1996) Nature Med , vol.2 , pp. 574-577
    • Friesen, C.1    Herr, I.2    Krammer, P.H.3    Debatin, K.M.4
  • 70
    • 0026025755 scopus 로고
    • Growth factors in development, transformation, and tumorigenesis
    • Cross M, Dexter TM: Growth factors in development, transformation, and tumorigenesis. Cell 64: 271-280, 1991
    • (1991) Cell , vol.64 , pp. 271-280
    • Cross, M.1    Dexter, T.M.2
  • 71
    • 0029018306 scopus 로고
    • Growth factors can enhance lymphocyte survival without committing the cell to undergo cell division
    • Boise LH, Minn AJ, June CH, Lindsten T, Thompson CB: Growth factors can enhance lymphocyte survival without committing the cell to undergo cell division. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 92: 5491-5495, 1995
    • (1995) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.92 , pp. 5491-5495
    • Boise, L.H.1    Minn, A.J.2    June, C.H.3    Lindsten, T.4    Thompson, C.B.5
  • 72
    • 0025343574 scopus 로고
    • Erythropoietin retards DNA breakdown and prevents apoptosis in erythroid progenitor cells
    • Koury MJ, Bondurant MC: Erythropoietin retards DNA breakdown and prevents apoptosis in erythroid progenitor cells. Science 248:378-381, 1990
    • (1990) Science , vol.248 , pp. 378-381
    • Koury, M.J.1    Bondurant, M.C.2
  • 73
    • 0025091773 scopus 로고
    • Haemopoitic colony stimulating factors promote cell survival by suppressing apoptosis
    • Williams GT, Smith CA, Spooner E, Dexter TM, Taylor DR: Haemopoitic colony stimulating factors promote cell survival by suppressing apoptosis. Nature 343: 76-79, 1990
    • (1990) Nature , vol.343 , pp. 76-79
    • Williams, G.T.1    Smith, C.A.2    Spooner, E.3    Dexter, T.M.4    Taylor, D.R.5
  • 74
    • 0028871766 scopus 로고
    • Platelet-derived growth factor induces apoptosis in growth-arrested murine fibroblasts
    • Kim HRC, Upadhyay S, Li G, Palmer KC, Deuel TF: Platelet-derived growth factor induces apoptosis in growth-arrested murine fibroblasts. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 92: 9500-9504, 1995
    • (1995) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.92 , pp. 9500-9504
    • Kim, H.R.C.1    Upadhyay, S.2    Li, G.3    Palmer, K.C.4    Deuel, T.F.5
  • 75
    • 15844431085 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antisense inhibition of basic fibroblast growth factor induces apoptosis in vascular smooth muscle cells
    • Fox JC, Shaneley JR: Antisense inhibition of basic fibroblast growth factor induces apoptosis in vascular smooth muscle cells. J Biol Chem 271: 12578-12584, 1996
    • (1996) J Biol Chem , vol.271 , pp. 12578-12584
    • Fox, J.C.1    Shaneley, J.R.2
  • 76
    • 0029876835 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Requirement for BMP signalling in interdigital apoptosis and scale formation
    • Zou H, Niswander L: Requirement for BMP signalling in interdigital apoptosis and scale formation. Science 272: 738-741, 1996
    • (1996) Science , vol.272 , pp. 738-741
    • Zou, H.1    Niswander, L.2
  • 77
    • 0027261321 scopus 로고
    • Suppression of apoptosis allows differentiation and development of a multipotent hemopoietic cell line in the absence of added growth factors
    • Fairbairn LJ, Cowling GJ, Reipert BM, Dexter TM: Suppression of apoptosis allows differentiation and development of a multipotent hemopoietic cell line in the absence of added growth factors. Cell 74: 823-832, 1993
    • (1993) Cell , vol.74 , pp. 823-832
    • Fairbairn, L.J.1    Cowling, G.J.2    Reipert, B.M.3    Dexter, T.M.4
  • 78
    • 6844228900 scopus 로고
    • CAMPing out
    • Hartwell L: cAMPing out. Science 271: 286, 1994
    • (1994) Science , vol.271 , pp. 286
    • Hartwell, L.1
  • 79
    • 0028808820 scopus 로고
    • 8-choro-cAMP induces apoptotic cell death in a human mammary carcinoma cell (MCF-7) line
    • Boe R, Gjertsen BT, Dorskeland SO, Vintermyr OK: 8-choro-cAMP induces apoptotic cell death in a human mammary carcinoma cell (MCF-7) line. Br J Cancer 72: 1151-1159, 1995
    • (1995) Br J Cancer , vol.72 , pp. 1151-1159
    • Boe, R.1    Gjertsen, B.T.2    Dorskeland, S.O.3    Vintermyr, O.K.4
  • 80
    • 0024377789 scopus 로고
    • Cell death by apoptosis during involution of the lactating breast in mice and rats
    • Walker NI, Bennett RE, Kerr JF: Cell death by apoptosis during involution of the lactating breast in mice and rats. Am J Anat 185: 19-32, 1989
    • (1989) Am J Anat , vol.185 , pp. 19-32
    • Walker, N.I.1    Bennett, R.E.2    Kerr, J.F.3
  • 81
    • 0028784787 scopus 로고
    • Glucocorticoids and progesterone inhibit involution and programmed cell death in the mouse mammary gland
    • Feng Z, Marti A, Jehn B, Altermatt HJ, Chicaiza G, Jaggi R: Glucocorticoids and progesterone inhibit involution and programmed cell death in the mouse mammary gland. J Cell Biol 131: 1095-1103, 1995
    • (1995) J Cell Biol , vol.131 , pp. 1095-1103
    • Feng, Z.1    Marti, A.2    Jehn, B.3    Altermatt, H.J.4    Chicaiza, G.5    Jaggi, R.6
  • 82
    • 0025720735 scopus 로고
    • The role of jun, fos and the AP-1 complex in cell proliferation and transformation
    • Angel P, Karin M: The role of jun, fos and the AP-1 complex in cell proliferation and transformation. Biochem Biophys Acta 1072: 129-157, 1991
    • (1991) Biochem Biophys Acta , vol.1072 , pp. 129-157
    • Angel, P.1    Karin, M.2
  • 83
    • 0028803824 scopus 로고
    • Functional glucocorticoid receptor expression is required for cAMP-mediated apoptosis in a human leukemic T cell line
    • Kiefer J, Orket S, Jondal M, McConkey DJ: Functional glucocorticoid receptor expression is required for cAMP-mediated apoptosis in a human leukemic T cell line. J Immunol 155: 4525-4528, 1995
    • (1995) J Immunol , vol.155 , pp. 4525-4528
    • Kiefer, J.1    Orket, S.2    Jondal, M.3    McConkey, D.J.4
  • 84
    • 0028837242 scopus 로고
    • Glucocorticoid-induced apoptosis of human leukemic cells is caused by the repressive function of the glucocorticoid receptor
    • Helmberg A, Auphan N, Caelles C, Karin M: Glucocorticoid-induced apoptosis of human leukemic cells is caused by the repressive function of the glucocorticoid receptor. EMBO J 14: 452-460, 1995
    • (1995) EMBO J , vol.14 , pp. 452-460
    • Helmberg, A.1    Auphan, N.2    Caelles, C.3    Karin, M.4
  • 85
    • 0026504147 scopus 로고
    • Social controls on cell survival and cell death
    • Raff MC: Social controls on cell survival and cell death. Nature 356: 397-400, 1992
    • (1992) Nature , vol.356 , pp. 397-400
    • Raff, M.C.1
  • 86
    • 0028803728 scopus 로고
    • Alterations in cellular adhesion and apoptosis in epithelial cells overexpressing prostaglandin endoperoxide synthase 2
    • Tsujii M, DuBois RN: Alterations in cellular adhesion and apoptosis in epithelial cells overexpressing prostaglandin endoperoxide synthase 2. Cell 83: 493-501, 1995
    • (1995) Cell , vol.83 , pp. 493-501
    • Tsujii, M.1    DuBois, R.N.2
  • 87
    • 0028335948 scopus 로고
    • Anchorage dependence, integrins and apoptosis
    • Ruoslahti E, Reed JC: Anchorage dependence, integrins and apoptosis. Cell 77: 477-478, 1994
    • (1994) Cell , vol.77 , pp. 477-478
    • Ruoslahti, E.1    Reed, J.C.2
  • 91
    • 0030048987 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Apotosis induced in Jurkat cells by several agents is preceded by intracellular acidification
    • Gottlieb RA, Nordberg J, Skowronski E, Babior BM: Apotosis induced in Jurkat cells by several agents is preceded by intracellular acidification. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 93: 654-658, 1996
    • (1996) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.93 , pp. 654-658
    • Gottlieb, R.A.1    Nordberg, J.2    Skowronski, E.3    Babior, B.M.4
  • 93
    • 0029133608 scopus 로고
    • The acid deoxyribonuclease of neutrophils: A possible participant in apoptosis-associated genome destruction
    • Gottlieb RA, Giesing HA, Engler RL, Babior BM: The acid deoxyribonuclease of neutrophils: a possible participant in apoptosis-associated genome destruction. Blood 86: 2414-2418, 1995
    • (1995) Blood , vol.86 , pp. 2414-2418
    • Gottlieb, R.A.1    Giesing, H.A.2    Engler, R.L.3    Babior, B.M.4
  • 96
    • 0030033477 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The ATP binding cassette transporter ABC1, is required for the engulfment of corpses generated by apoptotic cell death
    • Luciani MF, Chimini G: The ATP binding cassette transporter ABC1, is required for the engulfment of corpses generated by apoptotic cell death. EMBO J 15: 226-235, 1996
    • (1996) EMBO J , vol.15 , pp. 226-235
    • Luciani, M.F.1    Chimini, G.2
  • 97
    • 0029917720 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Myc oncogenes: The enigmatic family
    • Ryan KM, Birnie GD: Myc oncogenes: the enigmatic family. Biochem J 314: 713-721, 1996
    • (1996) Biochem J , vol.314 , pp. 713-721
    • Ryan, K.M.1    Birnie, G.D.2
  • 98
    • 0029931057 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A role for c-myc in the regulation of thymocyte differentiation and possibly positive selection
    • Broussard-Diehl C, Bauer SR, Scheuermann RH: A role for c-myc in the regulation of thymocyte differentiation and possibly positive selection. J Immunol 156: 3141-3150, 1996
    • (1996) J Immunol , vol.156 , pp. 3141-3150
    • Broussard-Diehl, C.1    Bauer, S.R.2    Scheuermann, R.H.3
  • 99
    • 0029654969 scopus 로고
    • Beating a path to myc
    • Eisenman RN, Cooper JA: Beating a path to myc. Nature 378: 438-439, 1995
    • (1995) Nature , vol.378 , pp. 438-439
    • Eisenman, R.N.1    Cooper, J.A.2
  • 101
    • 0025937489 scopus 로고
    • Constitutive c-myc expression in an IL-3-dependent myeloid cell line suppresses cell cycle arrest and accelerates apoptosis
    • Askew DS, Ashrnun RA, Simmons BC, Cleveland JL: Constitutive c-myc expression in an IL-3-dependent myeloid cell line suppresses cell cycle arrest and accelerates apoptosis. Oncogene 6: 1915-1922, 1991
    • (1991) Oncogene , vol.6 , pp. 1915-1922
    • Askew, D.S.1    Ashrnun, R.A.2    Simmons, B.C.3    Cleveland, J.L.4
  • 102
    • 0028263811 scopus 로고
    • C-myc-induced apoptosis in fibroblasts is inhibited by specific cytokines
    • Harrington EA, Bennett MR, Fanidi A, Evan GI: C-myc-induced apoptosis in fibroblasts is inhibited by specific cytokines. EMBO J 13: 3286-3295, 1994
    • (1994) EMBO J , vol.13 , pp. 3286-3295
    • Harrington, E.A.1    Bennett, M.R.2    Fanidi, A.3    Evan, G.I.4
  • 105
    • 0028171968 scopus 로고
    • Mediation of c-niyc-induced apoptosis by p53
    • Hermeking H, Eick D: Mediation of c-niyc-induced apoptosis by p53. Science 265: 2091-2093, 1994
    • (1994) Science , vol.265 , pp. 2091-2093
    • Hermeking, H.1    Eick, D.2
  • 106
    • 0028864149 scopus 로고
    • A mutant p53 antagonizes the deregulated c-myc-mediated enhancement of apoptosis and decrease in leukemogenicity
    • Lotem J, Sachs L: A mutant p53 antagonizes the deregulated c-myc-mediated enhancement of apoptosis and decrease in leukemogenicity. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 92: 9672-9676, 1995
    • (1995) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.92 , pp. 9672-9676
    • Lotem, J.1    Sachs, L.2
  • 107
    • 0026688162 scopus 로고
    • Apoptotic cell death induced by c-myc is inhibited by bcl-2
    • Bissonnette RP, Echeverri F, Mahboubi A, Green DR: Apoptotic cell death induced by c-myc is inhibited by bcl-2. Nature 359: 552-554, 1992
    • (1992) Nature , vol.359 , pp. 552-554
    • Bissonnette, R.P.1    Echeverri, F.2    Mahboubi, A.3    Green, D.R.4
  • 108
    • 0026722655 scopus 로고
    • Cooperative interactions between c-myc and bcl-2 proto-oncogenes
    • Fanidi A, Harrington EA, Evan GI: Cooperative interactions between c-myc and bcl-2 proto-oncogenes. Nature 359: 554-556, 1992
    • (1992) Nature , vol.359 , pp. 554-556
    • Fanidi, A.1    Harrington, E.A.2    Evan, G.I.3
  • 109
    • 0026489470 scopus 로고
    • Abrogation by c-myc of G1 phase arrest induced by RB protein but not by p53
    • Goodrich DW, Lee WH: Abrogation by c-myc of G1 phase arrest induced by RB protein but not by p53. Nature 360: 177-179, 1992
    • (1992) Nature , vol.360 , pp. 177-179
    • Goodrich, D.W.1    Lee, W.H.2
  • 110
    • 0025308658 scopus 로고
    • The p53 protein and its interactions with the oncogene products of the small DNA tumor viruses
    • Levine AJ: The p53 protein and its interactions with the oncogene products of the small DNA tumor viruses. Virology 177: 419-426, 1990
    • (1990) Virology , vol.177 , pp. 419-426
    • Levine, A.J.1
  • 111
    • 0026425585 scopus 로고
    • Chemical and physical carcinogens: Advances and perspectives for the 1990s
    • (suppl)
    • Harris CC: Chemical and physical carcinogens: advances and perspectives for the 1990s. Cancer Res 51: 5023s-5044s, 1991 (suppl)
    • (1991) Cancer Res , vol.51
    • Harris, C.C.1
  • 112
    • 0026601982 scopus 로고
    • Carcinogens leave fingerprints
    • Vogelstein B, Kinzler KW: Carcinogens leave fingerprints. Nature 355:209-210, 1992
    • (1992) Nature , vol.355 , pp. 209-210
    • Vogelstein, B.1    Kinzler, K.W.2
  • 115
    • 0027496935 scopus 로고
    • The p21 cdk-interacting protein is a potent inhibitor of G1 cyclin-dependent kinases
    • Harper JW, Adami GR, Wei N, Keomarsi K, Elledge SJ: The p21 cdk-interacting protein is a potent inhibitor of G1 cyclin-dependent kinases. Cell 75: 805-816, 1993
    • (1993) Cell , vol.75 , pp. 805-816
    • Harper, J.W.1    Adami, G.R.2    Wei, N.3    Keomarsi, K.4    Elledge, S.J.5
  • 116
    • 0028352434 scopus 로고
    • The p21 inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinases controls DNA replication by interacting with PCNA
    • Waga S, Hannon GJ, Beach D, Stillman B: The p21 inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinases controls DNA replication by interacting with PCNA. Nature 369: 574-578, 1994
    • (1994) Nature , vol.369 , pp. 574-578
    • Waga, S.1    Hannon, G.J.2    Beach, D.3    Stillman, B.4
  • 118
    • 0030011128 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Uncoupling of S phase and mitosis induced by anticancer agents in cells lacking p21
    • Waldman T, Lengauer C, Kinzler KW, Vogelstein B: Uncoupling of S phase and mitosis induced by anticancer agents in cells lacking p21. Nature 381: 713-716, 1996
    • (1996) Nature , vol.381 , pp. 713-716
    • Waldman, T.1    Lengauer, C.2    Kinzler, K.W.3    Vogelstein, B.4
  • 119
    • 0029401751 scopus 로고
    • The p53 tumor suppressor gene and tumor prognosis: Is there a relationship
    • Dowell SP, Hall PA: The p53 tumor suppressor gene and tumor prognosis: is there a relationship. J Pathol 177: 221-224, 1995
    • (1995) J Pathol , vol.177 , pp. 221-224
    • Dowell, S.P.1    Hall, P.A.2
  • 121
    • 0027319521 scopus 로고
    • P53 is required for radiation-induced apoptosis in mouse thymocytes
    • Lowe SW, Schmitt EM, Smith SW, Osborne BA, Jacks T: p53 is required for radiation-induced apoptosis in mouse thymocytes. Nature 362: 847-849, 1993
    • (1993) Nature , vol.362 , pp. 847-849
    • Lowe, S.W.1    Schmitt, E.M.2    Smith, S.W.3    Osborne, B.A.4    Jacks, T.5
  • 123
    • 0029395054 scopus 로고
    • Life and death by p53
    • Elledge RM, Lee WH: Life and death by p53. BioEssays 17: 923-930, 1995
    • (1995) BioEssays , vol.17 , pp. 923-930
    • Elledge, R.M.1    Lee, W.H.2
  • 124
    • 0030046508 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Life, death, and the pursuit of apoptosis
    • White E: Life, death, and the pursuit of apoptosis. Genes Dev 10: 1-15, 1996
    • (1996) Genes Dev , vol.10 , pp. 1-15
    • White, E.1
  • 125
    • 0029767029 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • P53 plays a regulatory role in differentiation and apoptosis of central nervous system-associated cells
    • Eizenberg O, Faber-Elman A, Gottlieb E, Oren M, Rotter V, Schwartz M: p53 plays a regulatory role in differentiation and apoptosis of central nervous system-associated cells. Mol Cell Biol 16: 5178-5185, 1996
    • (1996) Mol Cell Biol , vol.16 , pp. 5178-5185
    • Eizenberg, O.1    Faber-Elman, A.2    Gottlieb, E.3    Oren, M.4    Rotter, V.5    Schwartz, M.6
  • 126
    • 0029315510 scopus 로고
    • Tumor suppressors, kinases and clamps: How p53 regulates the cell cycle in response to DNA damage
    • Cox LS, Lane DP: Tumor suppressors, kinases and clamps: how p53 regulates the cell cycle in response to DNA damage. BioEssays 17: 501-508, 1995
    • (1995) BioEssays , vol.17 , pp. 501-508
    • Cox, L.S.1    Lane, D.P.2
  • 129
    • 0029874308 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • P53-dependent apoptosis suppresses radiation-induced teratogenesis
    • Norimura T, Nomoto S, Katsuki M, Gondo Y, Kondo S: p53-dependent apoptosis suppresses radiation-induced teratogenesis. Nature Med 2: 5577-5580, 1996
    • (1996) Nature Med , vol.2 , pp. 5577-5580
    • Norimura, T.1    Nomoto, S.2    Katsuki, M.3    Gondo, Y.4    Kondo, S.5
  • 130
    • 0029875821 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cellular proofreading
    • Brash DE: Cellular proofreading. Nature Med 2: 525-526, 1996
    • (1996) Nature Med , vol.2 , pp. 525-526
    • Brash, D.E.1
  • 131
    • 0029973389 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cell-cycle control and its watchman
    • Jacks T, Weinberg RA: Cell-cycle control and its watchman. Nature 381: 643-644, 1996
    • (1996) Nature , vol.381 , pp. 643-644
    • Jacks, T.1    Weinberg, R.A.2
  • 132
    • 0027109075 scopus 로고
    • P53, guardian of the genome
    • Lane DP: p53, guardian of the genome. Nature 358: 15-16, 1992
    • (1992) Nature , vol.358 , pp. 15-16
    • Lane, D.P.1
  • 133
    • 0029845760 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Structure and function of the p53 tumor suppressor gene: Clues for rational cancer therapeutic strategies
    • Harris CC: Structure and function of the p53 tumor suppressor gene: clues for rational cancer therapeutic strategies. J Natl Cancer Inst 88: 1442-1455, 1996
    • (1996) J Natl Cancer Inst , vol.88 , pp. 1442-1455
    • Harris, C.C.1
  • 134
    • 0028124528 scopus 로고
    • P53 and human cancer
    • Lane DP: p53 and human cancer. Br Med Bull 50: 582-599, 1994
    • (1994) Br Med Bull , vol.50 , pp. 582-599
    • Lane, D.P.1
  • 135
    • 0028204538 scopus 로고
    • The 1993 Walter Hubert Lecture: The role of the p53 tumor-suppressor gene in tumorigenesis
    • Levine AJ, Perry ME, Chang A, Silver A, Dittmer D, Wu M, Welsh D: The 1993 Walter Hubert Lecture: the role of the p53 tumor-suppressor gene in tumorigenesis. Br J Cancer 69: 409-416, 1994
    • (1994) Br J Cancer , vol.69 , pp. 409-416
    • Levine, A.J.1    Perry, M.E.2    Chang, A.3    Silver, A.4    Dittmer, D.5    Wu, M.6    Welsh, D.7
  • 136
    • 0029980043 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • P53 in growth control and neoplasia
    • Gottlieb TM, Oren M: p53 in growth control and neoplasia. Biochim Biophys Acta 1287: 77-102, 1996
    • (1996) Biochim Biophys Acta , vol.1287 , pp. 77-102
    • Gottlieb, T.M.1    Oren, M.2
  • 139
    • 0027235369 scopus 로고
    • A death in the life of p53
    • Lane DP: A death in the life of p53. Nature 362: 786-787, 1993
    • (1993) Nature , vol.362 , pp. 786-787
    • Lane, D.P.1
  • 140
    • 0029742781 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differential activation of target cellular promoters by p53 mutants with impaired apoptotic function
    • Ludwig RL, Bates S, Vousden KH: Differential activation of target cellular promoters by p53 mutants with impaired apoptotic function. Mol Cell Biol 16: 4952-4960, 1996
    • (1996) Mol Cell Biol , vol.16 , pp. 4952-4960
    • Ludwig, R.L.1    Bates, S.2    Vousden, K.H.3
  • 142
    • 0029996726 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Resistance to apoptosis conferred by cdk inhibitor during myocyte differentiation
    • Wang J, Walsh K: Resistance to apoptosis conferred by cdk inhibitor during myocyte differentiation. Science 273: 359-361, 1996
    • (1996) Science , vol.273 , pp. 359-361
    • Wang, J.1    Walsh, K.2
  • 143
    • 0027436691 scopus 로고
    • Cell proliferation, DNA repair, and p53 function are not required for programmed death of prostatic glandular cells induced by androgen ablation
    • Berges RR, Furuya Y, Remington L, English HF, Jacks T, Isaacs JT: Cell proliferation, DNA repair, and p53 function are not required for programmed death of prostatic glandular cells induced by androgen ablation. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 90: 8910-8914, 1993
    • (1993) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.90 , pp. 8910-8914
    • Berges, R.R.1    Furuya, Y.2    Remington, L.3    English, H.F.4    Jacks, T.5    Isaacs, J.T.6
  • 144
    • 0028063456 scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms of regulation of WAF1/Cip 1 gene expression in human breast carcinoma: Role of p53-dependent and independent signal transduction pathways
    • Sheikh MS, Li XS, Chen JC, Shao ZM, Ordeonez JV, Fontana JA: Mechanisms of regulation of WAF1/Cip 1 gene expression in human breast carcinoma: role of p53-dependent and independent signal transduction pathways. Oncogene 9: 3407-3415, 1994
    • (1994) Oncogene , vol.9 , pp. 3407-3415
    • Sheikh, M.S.1    Li, X.S.2    Chen, J.C.3    Shao, Z.M.4    Ordeonez, J.V.5    Fontana, J.A.6
  • 145
    • 0029073142 scopus 로고
    • Transforming growth factor β induces the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21 through a p53-independent mechanism
    • Datto MB, Li Y, Panus JF, Howe DJ, Xiong Y, Wang XF: Transforming growth factor β induces the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21 through a p53-independent mechanism. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 92:5545-5549, 1995
    • (1995) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.92 , pp. 5545-5549
    • Datto, M.B.1    Li, Y.2    Panus, J.F.3    Howe, D.J.4    Xiong, Y.5    Wang, X.F.6
  • 147
    • 0030044160 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Induction of the WAF1/CIP1 protein and apoptosis in human T-cell leukemia virus type I-transformed lymphocytes after treatment with adriamycin by using a p53-independent pathway
    • Gartenhaus RB, Wang P, Hoffman P: Induction of the WAF1/CIP1 protein and apoptosis in human T-cell leukemia virus type I-transformed lymphocytes after treatment with adriamycin by using a p53-independent pathway. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 93: 265-268, 1996
    • (1996) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.93 , pp. 265-268
    • Gartenhaus, R.B.1    Wang, P.2    Hoffman, P.3
  • 148
    • 15844364884 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • P53-dependent induction of WAF 1 by heat treatment in human glioblastoma cells
    • Ohnishi T, Wang X, Ohnishi K, Matsumoto H, Takahashi A: p53-dependent induction of WAF 1 by heat treatment in human glioblastoma cells. J Biol Chem 271: 14510-14513, 1996
    • (1996) J Biol Chem , vol.271 , pp. 14510-14513
    • Ohnishi, T.1    Wang, X.2    Ohnishi, K.3    Matsumoto, H.4    Takahashi, A.5
  • 149
  • 150
    • 0029003061 scopus 로고
    • Increased and altered DNA binding of human p53 by S and G2/M but not G1 cyclin-dependent kinases
    • Wang Y, Prives C: Increased and altered DNA binding of human p53 by S and G2/M but not G1 cyclin-dependent kinases. Nature 376: 88-91, 1995
    • (1995) Nature , vol.376 , pp. 88-91
    • Wang, Y.1    Prives, C.2
  • 151
    • 0029318670 scopus 로고
    • Apoptosis: A sticky business
    • Hacker G, Vaux DL: Apoptosis: a sticky business. Curr Biol 5: 622-624, 1995
    • (1995) Curr Biol , vol.5 , pp. 622-624
    • Hacker, G.1    Vaux, D.L.2
  • 152
    • 0029328602 scopus 로고
    • Bcl-2, a novel regulator of cell death
    • Hockenbery DM: Bcl-2, a novel regulator of cell death. BioEssays 17: 631-638, 1995
    • (1995) BioEssays , vol.17 , pp. 631-638
    • Hockenbery, D.M.1
  • 153
    • 0030162560 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Balancing cell life and death: Bax, apoptosis and breast cancer
    • Reed JC: Balancing cell life and death: bax, apoptosis and breast cancer. J Clin Invest 97: 2403-2404, 1996
    • (1996) J Clin Invest , vol.97 , pp. 2403-2404
    • Reed, J.C.1
  • 154
    • 0027166048 scopus 로고
    • Bcl-2 heterodimerizes in vivo with a conserved homolog, bax, that accelerates programmed cell death
    • Oltvai ZN, Millman CL, Korsmeyer SJ: Bcl-2 heterodimerizes in vivo with a conserved homolog, bax, that accelerates programmed cell death. Cell 74: 609-619, 1993
    • (1993) Cell , vol.74 , pp. 609-619
    • Oltvai, Z.N.1    Millman, C.L.2    Korsmeyer, S.J.3
  • 155
    • 0028859541 scopus 로고
    • Bax deficient mice with lymphoid hyperplasia and germ cell death
    • Knudson CM, Tung K, Brown G, Korsmeyer SJ: Bax deficient mice with lymphoid hyperplasia and germ cell death. Science 270: 96-99, 1995
    • (1995) Science , vol.270 , pp. 96-99
    • Knudson, C.M.1    Tung, K.2    Brown, G.3    Korsmeyer, S.J.4
  • 157
    • 0029906828 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bax-induced cell death may not require interleukin 1β-converting enzyme-like proteases
    • Xiang J, Chao DT, Korsmeyer SJ: Bax-induced cell death may not require interleukin 1β-converting enzyme-like proteases. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 93: 14559-14563, 1996
    • (1996) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.93 , pp. 14559-14563
    • Xiang, J.1    Chao, D.T.2    Korsmeyer, S.J.3
  • 158
    • 0029928885 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A peptide sequence from bax that converts bcl-2 into an activator of apoptosis
    • Hunter JJ, Parslow TG: A peptide sequence from bax that converts bcl-2 into an activator of apoptosis. J Biol Chem 271: 8521-8524, 1996
    • (1996) J Biol Chem , vol.271 , pp. 8521-8524
    • Hunter, J.J.1    Parslow, T.G.2
  • 159
    • 0029917541 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Proapoptotic protein bax heterodimerizes with bcl-2 and homodimerizes with bax via a novel domain (BH3) distinct from BH1 and BH2
    • Zha H, Aime-Sempe C, Sato T, Reed JC: Proapoptotic protein bax heterodimerizes with bcl-2 and homodimerizes with bax via a novel domain (BH3) distinct from BH1 and BH2. J Biol Chem 271: 7440-7444, 1996
    • (1996) J Biol Chem , vol.271 , pp. 7440-7444
    • Zha, H.1    Aime-Sempe, C.2    Sato, T.3    Reed, J.C.4
  • 160
    • 0029937303 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bcl-2 interacting protein, bag-1, binds to and activates the kinase raf-1
    • Wang HG, Takayama S, Rapp UR, Reed JC: Bcl-2 interacting protein, bag-1, binds to and activates the kinase raf-1. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 93: 7063-7068, 1996
    • (1996) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.93 , pp. 7063-7068
    • Wang, H.G.1    Takayama, S.2    Rapp, U.R.3    Reed, J.C.4
  • 162
    • 0000591744 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bcl-2 protects macrophages from nitric-oxide-induced apoptosis
    • Meßmer UK, Reed JC, Brune B: Bcl-2 protects macrophages from nitric-oxide-induced apoptosis. J Biol Chem 271: 20192-20197, 1996
    • (1996) J Biol Chem , vol.271 , pp. 20192-20197
    • Meßmer, U.K.1    Reed, J.C.2    Brune, B.3
  • 163
    • 0028939139 scopus 로고
    • Programmed cell death and bcl-2 protection in very low oxygen
    • Jacobson MD, Raff MC: Programmed cell death and bcl-2 protection in very low oxygen. Nature 374: 814-816, 1995
    • (1995) Nature , vol.374 , pp. 814-816
    • Jacobson, M.D.1    Raff, M.C.2
  • 165
    • 0030581151 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Induction of apoptotic program in cell-free extracts: Requirement for dATP and cytochrome c
    • Liu X, Kim CN, Yang J, Jemmerson R, Wang X: Induction of apoptotic program in cell-free extracts: requirement for dATP and cytochrome c. Cell 86: 147-157, 1996
    • (1996) Cell , vol.86 , pp. 147-157
    • Liu, X.1    Kim, C.N.2    Yang, J.3    Jemmerson, R.4    Wang, X.5
  • 166
    • 0031037897 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The release of cytochrome c from mitochondria: A primary site for bcl-2 regulation of apoptosis
    • Kluck RM, Bossy-Wetzel E, Green DR, Newmeyer DD: The release of cytochrome c from mitochondria: a primary site for bcl-2 regulation of apoptosis. Science 275: 1132-1136, 1997
    • (1997) Science , vol.275 , pp. 1132-1136
    • Kluck, R.M.1    Bossy-Wetzel, E.2    Green, D.R.3    Newmeyer, D.D.4
  • 169
    • 15844397398 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diminished cell proliferation associated with the death-protective activity of bcl-2
    • Borner C: Diminished cell proliferation associated with the death-protective activity of bcl-2. J Biol Chem 271: 12695-12698, 1996
    • (1996) J Biol Chem , vol.271 , pp. 12695-12698
    • Borner, C.1
  • 173
    • 0029949938 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • PrICE: A downstream target for ceramide-induced apoptosis and for the inhibitory action of bcl-2
    • Smyth MJ, Perry DK, Zhang J, Poirier GG, Hannun YA, Obeid LM: prICE: a downstream target for ceramide-induced apoptosis and for the inhibitory action of bcl-2. Biochem J 316: 25-28, 1996
    • (1996) Biochem J , vol.316 , pp. 25-28
    • Smyth, M.J.1    Perry, D.K.2    Zhang, J.3    Poirier, G.G.4    Hannun, Y.A.5    Obeid, L.M.6
  • 174
    • 0029984098 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bcl-2 expression prevents activation of the ICE protease cascade
    • Shimizu S, Eguchi Y, Kamiike W, Matsuda H, Tsujimoto Y: Bcl-2 expression prevents activation of the ICE protease cascade. Oncogene 12: 2251-2257, 1996
    • (1996) Oncogene , vol.12 , pp. 2251-2257
    • Shimizu, S.1    Eguchi, Y.2    Kamiike, W.3    Matsuda, H.4    Tsujimoto, Y.5
  • 177
    • 0027525104 scopus 로고
    • The C. elegans cell death gene ced-3 encodes a protein similar to mammalian interleukin-1β converting enzyme
    • Yuan J, Shaham S, Ledoux S, Ellis HM, Horvitz HR: The C. elegans cell death gene ced-3 encodes a protein similar to mammalian interleukin-1β converting enzyme. Cell 75: 641-652, 1993
    • (1993) Cell , vol.75 , pp. 641-652
    • Yuan, J.1    Shaham, S.2    Ledoux, S.3    Ellis, H.M.4    Horvitz, H.R.5
  • 178
    • 0027990778 scopus 로고
    • Induction of apoptosis by the mouse Nedd2 gene, which encodes a protein similar to the product of the Caenorhabditis elegans cell death gene ced-3 and the mammalian IL-1β-converting enzyme
    • Kumar S, Kinoshita M, Noda M, Copeland NG, Jenkins NA: Induction of apoptosis by the mouse Nedd2 gene, which encodes a protein similar to the product of the Caenorhabditis elegans cell death gene ced-3 and the mammalian IL-1β-converting enzyme. Genes Dev 8: 1613-1626, 1994
    • (1994) Genes Dev , vol.8 , pp. 1613-1626
    • Kumar, S.1    Kinoshita, M.2    Noda, M.3    Copeland, N.G.4    Jenkins, N.A.5
  • 179
    • 0028168593 scopus 로고
    • Ich-1 an ICE/Ced-3-related gene, encodes both positive and negative regulators of cell death
    • Wang Z-Q, Miura L, Bergeron H, Zhu H, Yuan J: Ich-1 an ICE/Ced-3-related gene, encodes both positive and negative regulators of cell death. Cell 78: 739-750, 1994
    • (1994) Cell , vol.78 , pp. 739-750
    • Wang, Z.-Q.1    Miura, L.2    Bergeron, H.3    Zhu, H.4    Yuan, J.5
  • 180
    • 0027973061 scopus 로고
    • CPP32- A novel human apoptotic protein with homology to Caenorhabditis elegans cell death protein Ced-3 and mammalian interleukin-1β-converting enzyme
    • Fernandes-Alnemri T, Litwack G, Alnemri E: CPP32- a novel human apoptotic protein with homology to Caenorhabditis elegans cell death protein Ced-3 and mammalian interleukin-1β-converting enzyme. J Biol Chem 269: 30761-30764, 1994
    • (1994) J Biol Chem , vol.269 , pp. 30761-30764
    • Fernandes-Alnemri, T.1    Litwack, G.2    Alnemri, E.3
  • 185
    • 0029025549 scopus 로고
    • Mch-2, a new member of the apoptotic Ced-3/ICE cysteine protease gene family
    • Fernandes-Alnemri T, Litwack G, Alnemri E: Mch-2, a new member of the apoptotic Ced-3/ICE cysteine protease gene family. Cancer Res 55:2737-2742, 1995
    • (1995) Cancer Res , vol.55 , pp. 2737-2742
    • Fernandes-Alnemri, T.1    Litwack, G.2    Alnemri, E.3
  • 187
    • 0030044012 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identification and characterization of CPP32/Mch2 homolog 1, a novel cysteine protease similar to CPP32
    • Lippke JA, Gu Y, Sarnecki C, Caron PR, Su MSS: Identification and characterization of CPP32/Mch2 homolog 1, a novel cysteine protease similar to CPP32. J Biol Chem 271: 1825-1828, 1996
    • (1996) J Biol Chem , vol.271 , pp. 1825-1828
    • Lippke, J.A.1    Gu, Y.2    Sarnecki, C.3    Caron, P.R.4    Su, M.S.S.5
  • 189
    • 0030008812 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ICE-LAP6, a novel member of the ICE/Ced-3 gene family, is activated by the cytotoxic T cell protease granzyme B
    • Duan H, Orth K, Chinnaiyan AM, Poirier GG, Froelich CJ, He WW, Dixit VM: ICE-LAP6, a novel member of the ICE/Ced-3 gene family, is activated by the cytotoxic T cell protease granzyme B. J Biol Chem 271: 16720-16724, 1996
    • (1996) J Biol Chem , vol.271 , pp. 16720-16724
    • Duan, H.1    Orth, K.2    Chinnaiyan, A.M.3    Poirier, G.G.4    Froelich, C.J.5    He, W.W.6    Dixit, V.M.7
  • 190
    • 0029794385 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The ICE family of cysteine proteases as effectors of cell death
    • Kumar S, Lavin MF: The ICE family of cysteine proteases as effectors of cell death. Cell Death and Differentiation 3: 255-267, 1996
    • (1996) Cell Death and Differentiation , vol.3 , pp. 255-267
    • Kumar, S.1    Lavin, M.F.2
  • 192
  • 193
    • 0027449187 scopus 로고
    • Induction of apoptosis in fibroblasts by IL-1β-converting enzyme, a mammalian homolog of the C. elegans cell death gene ced-3
    • Miura M, Zhu H, Rotello R, Hartwieg EA, Yuan J: Induction of apoptosis in fibroblasts by IL-1β-converting enzyme, a mammalian homolog of the C. elegans cell death gene ced-3. Cell 75: 653-660, 1993
    • (1993) Cell , vol.75 , pp. 653-660
    • Miura, M.1    Zhu, H.2    Rotello, R.3    Hartwieg, E.A.4    Yuan, J.5
  • 194
    • 0029022365 scopus 로고
    • Involvement of an ICE-like protease in fas-mediated apoptosis
    • Enari M, Hug H, Nagata S: Involvement of an ICE-like protease in fas-mediated apoptosis. Nature 375: 78-80, 1995
    • (1995) Nature , vol.375 , pp. 78-80
    • Enari, M.1    Hug, H.2    Nagata, S.3
  • 196
    • 0028873964 scopus 로고
    • Fas- And TNF-induced apoptosis is inhibited by the poxvirus crmA gene product
    • Tewari M, Dixit VM: Fas- and TNF-induced apoptosis is inhibited by the poxvirus crmA gene product. J Biol Chem 270: 3255-3260, 1995
    • (1995) J Biol Chem , vol.270 , pp. 3255-3260
    • Tewari, M.1    Dixit, V.M.2
  • 200
    • 0029871920 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cleavage of sterol regulatory element binding proteins (SREBPs) by CPP32 during apoptosis
    • Wang X, Zelenski NG, Yang J, Sakai J, Brown MS, Goldstein JL: Cleavage of sterol regulatory element binding proteins (SREBPs) by CPP32 during apoptosis. EMBO J 15: 1012-1020, 1996
    • (1996) EMBO J , vol.15 , pp. 1012-1020
    • Wang, X.1    Zelenski, N.G.2    Yang, J.3    Sakai, J.4    Brown, M.S.5    Goldstein, J.L.6
  • 201
    • 0029944142 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of ced-3/ICE-family proteases in staurosporine-induced programmed cell death
    • Jacobson MD, Weil M, Raff, MC: Role of ced-3/ICE-family proteases in staurosporine-induced programmed cell death. J Cell Biol 133: 1041-1051, 1996
    • (1996) J Cell Biol , vol.133 , pp. 1041-1051
    • Jacobson, M.D.1    Weil, M.2    Raff, M.C.3
  • 203
    • 0029905073 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular ordering of the fas-apoptotic pathway: The fas/apo1 protease Mch5 is a crmA-inhibitable protease that activates multiple ced-3/ICE-like cysteine proteases
    • Srinivasula SM, Ahmad M, Fernandes-Alnemri T, Litwack G, Alnemri ES: Molecular ordering of the fas-apoptotic pathway: the fas/apo1 protease Mch5 is a crmA-inhibitable protease that activates multiple ced-3/ICE-like cysteine proteases. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 93: 14486-14491, 1996
    • (1996) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.93 , pp. 14486-14491
    • Srinivasula, S.M.1    Ahmad, M.2    Fernandes-Alnemri, T.3    Litwack, G.4    Alnemri, E.S.5
  • 206
    • 0029876247 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cleavage of actin by interleukin 1β-converting enzyme to reverse DNase I inhibition
    • Kayalar C, Ord T, Testa MP, Zhong LT, Bredesen DE: Cleavage of actin by interleukin 1β-converting enzyme to reverse DNase I inhibition. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 93: 2234-2238, 1996
    • (1996) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.93 , pp. 2234-2238
    • Kayalar, C.1    Ord, T.2    Testa, M.P.3    Zhong, L.T.4    Bredesen, D.E.5
  • 208
    • 0028102478 scopus 로고
    • Cleavage of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase by a proteinase with properties like ICE
    • Lazebnik YA, Kaufman SH, Desnoyers S, Poirier GG, Earnshaw WC: Cleavage of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase by a proteinase with properties like ICE. Nature 371: 346-347, 1994
    • (1994) Nature , vol.371 , pp. 346-347
    • Lazebnik, Y.A.1    Kaufman, S.H.2    Desnoyers, S.3    Poirier, G.G.4    Earnshaw, W.C.5
  • 209
    • 0028145365 scopus 로고
    • Depletion of nuclear poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase by antisense RNA expression: Influences on genomic stability, chromatin organization and carcinogen cytotoxity
    • Ding R, Smulson M: Depletion of nuclear poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase by antisense RNA expression: influences on genomic stability, chromatin organization and carcinogen cytotoxity. Cancer Res 54: 4627-4634, 1994
    • (1994) Cancer Res , vol.54 , pp. 4627-4634
    • Ding, R.1    Smulson, M.2
  • 210
    • 0029808055 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The expression of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase during differentiation-linked DNA replication reveals that it is a component of the multiprotein DNA replication complex
    • Simbulan-Rosenthal CM, Rosenthal DS, Hilz H, Hickey R, Malkas L, Applegren N, Wu Y, Bers G, Smulson ME: The expression of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase during differentiation-linked DNA replication reveals that it is a component of the multiprotein DNA replication complex. Biochemistry 35: 11622-11633, 1996
    • (1996) Biochemistry , vol.35 , pp. 11622-11633
    • Simbulan-Rosenthal, C.M.1    Rosenthal, D.S.2    Hilz, H.3    Hickey, R.4    Malkas, L.5    Applegren, N.6    Wu, Y.7    Bers, G.8    Smulson, M.E.9
  • 212
    • 0030031171 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Overexpression of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase promotes cell cycle arrest and inhibits neutrophilic differentiation of NB4 acute promyelocytic leukemia cells
    • Bhatia M, Kirkland JB, Meckling-Gill KA: Overexpression of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase promotes cell cycle arrest and inhibits neutrophilic differentiation of NB4 acute promyelocytic leukemia cells. Cell Growth Diff 7: 91-100, 1996
    • (1996) Cell Growth Diff , vol.7 , pp. 91-100
    • Bhatia, M.1    Kirkland, J.B.2    Meckling-Gill, K.A.3
  • 213
    • 0009577682 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation of histone H1 correlates with internucleosomal DNA fragmentation during apoptosis
    • Yoon YS, Kim JW, Kang KW, Kim YS, Choi KH, Joe CO: Poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation of histone H1 correlates with internucleosomal DNA fragmentation during apoptosis. J Biol Chem 271: 9129-9134, 1996
    • (1996) J Biol Chem , vol.271 , pp. 9129-9134
    • Yoon, Y.S.1    Kim, J.W.2    Kang, K.W.3    Kim, Y.S.4    Choi, K.H.5    Joe, C.O.6
  • 214
    • 0027255417 scopus 로고
    • Specific proteolytic cleavage of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase: An early marker of chemotherapy-induced apoptosis
    • Kaufman SH, Desnoyers S, Ottaviano Y, Davidon NE, Poirier GG: Specific proteolytic cleavage of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase: an early marker of chemotherapy-induced apoptosis. Cancer Res 53: 3976-3985, 1993
    • (1993) Cancer Res , vol.53 , pp. 3976-3985
    • Kaufman, S.H.1    Desnoyers, S.2    Ottaviano, Y.3    Davidon, N.E.4    Poirier, G.G.5
  • 215
  • 217
    • 0029761433 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transcriptional regulator of programmed cell death encoded by Caenorhabditis elegans gene ces-2
    • Metzstein MM, Hengartner MO, Tsung N, Ellis RE, Horvitz HR: Transcriptional regulator of programmed cell death encoded by Caenorhabditis elegans gene ces-2. Nature 382: 545-547, 1996
    • (1996) Nature , vol.382 , pp. 545-547
    • Metzstein, M.M.1    Hengartner, M.O.2    Tsung, N.3    Ellis, R.E.4    Horvitz, H.R.5
  • 219
    • 0030575503 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A fate worse than death
    • Thompson CB: A fate worse than death. Nature 382: 492-493, 1996
    • (1996) Nature , vol.382 , pp. 492-493
    • Thompson, C.B.1
  • 220
    • 0030237476 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • P53:integrating the complexity
    • Hall PA, Meek D, Lane DP: P53:integrating the complexity (editorial). J Pathol 180: 1-5, 1996
    • (1996) J Pathol , vol.180 , pp. 1-5
    • Hall, P.A.1    Meek, D.2    Lane, D.P.3
  • 227
    • 0029737509 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mutant conformation of p53 translated in vitro or in vivo requires functional HSP90
    • Blagoklonny MV, Toretsky J, Bohen S, Neckers L: Mutant conformation of p53 translated in vitro or in vivo requires functional HSP90. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 93: 8379-8383, 1996
    • (1996) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.93 , pp. 8379-8383
    • Blagoklonny, M.V.1    Toretsky, J.2    Bohen, S.3    Neckers, L.4
  • 228
    • 0030014643 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Small stress proteins as novel regulators of apoptosis: Heat shock protein 27 blocks fas/apo 1 and staurosporine-induced cell death
    • Mehlan P, Schulze-Osthoff K, Arrigo AP: Small stress proteins as novel regulators of apoptosis: heat shock protein 27 blocks fas/apo 1 and staurosporine-induced cell death. J Biol Chem 271: 16510-16514, 1996
    • (1996) J Biol Chem , vol.271 , pp. 16510-16514
    • Mehlan, P.1    Schulze-Osthoff, K.2    Arrigo, A.P.3
  • 229
    • 0029779280 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cdc25 cell cycle phosphatase as a target of c-myc
    • Galaktionov K, Chen X, Beach D: Cdc25 cell cycle phosphatase as a target of c-myc. Nature 382: 511-517, 1996
    • (1996) Nature , vol.382 , pp. 511-517
    • Galaktionov, K.1    Chen, X.2    Beach, D.3
  • 230
    • 0027729892 scopus 로고
    • High levels of c-rel are associated with programmed cell death in the developing avian embryo and in bone marrow cells in vitro
    • Abbadie C, Kabrun N, Bouali F, Smardova J, Stehelin D, Vandenbunder B, Enrietto PJ: High levels of c-rel are associated with programmed cell death in the developing avian embryo and in bone marrow cells in vitro. Cell 75: 899-912, 1993
    • (1993) Cell , vol.75 , pp. 899-912
    • Abbadie, C.1    Kabrun, N.2    Bouali, F.3    Smardova, J.4    Stehelin, D.5    Vandenbunder, B.6    Enrietto, P.J.7
  • 231
    • 0028991396 scopus 로고
    • Mutation of cell cycle regulators: Biological and clinical implications for human neoplasia
    • Cordon-Cardo C: Mutation of cell cycle regulators: biological and clinical implications for human neoplasia. Am J Pathol 147: 545-560, 1995
    • (1995) Am J Pathol , vol.147 , pp. 545-560
    • Cordon-Cardo, C.1
  • 232
    • 0028915222 scopus 로고
    • Molecular foundations of cancer: New targets for interventions
    • Karp JE, Broder S: Molecular foundations of cancer: new targets for interventions. Nature Med 1: 309-320, 1995
    • (1995) Nature Med , vol.1 , pp. 309-320
    • Karp, J.E.1    Broder, S.2
  • 233
    • 0029317904 scopus 로고
    • Cyclin-dependent protein kineses: Key regulators of the eukaryotic cell cycle
    • Nigg EA: Cyclin-dependent protein kineses: key regulators of the eukaryotic cell cycle. BioEssays 17: 471-479, 1995
    • (1995) BioEssays , vol.17 , pp. 471-479
    • Nigg, E.A.1
  • 234
    • 0029000579 scopus 로고
    • Cyclin and cyclin-dependent kineses: A biochemical view
    • Pines J: Cyclin and cyclin-dependent kineses: a biochemical view. Biochem J 308: 697-711, 1995
    • (1995) Biochem J , vol.308 , pp. 697-711
    • Pines, J.1
  • 235
    • 0029849620 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cancer cell cycles
    • Sherr CJ: Cancer cell cycles. Science 274: 1672-1677, 1996
    • (1996) Science , vol.274 , pp. 1672-1677
    • Sherr, C.J.1
  • 236
    • 0028938419 scopus 로고
    • V-abl-mediated apoptotic suppression is associated with SHC phosphorylation without concomitant mitogen-activated protein kinase activation
    • Owen-Lynch PJ, Wong AKY, Whetton AD: V-abl-mediated apoptotic suppression is associated with SHC phosphorylation without concomitant mitogen-activated protein kinase activation. J Biol Chem 270: 5956-5962, 1995
    • (1995) J Biol Chem , vol.270 , pp. 5956-5962
    • Owen-Lynch, P.J.1    Wong, A.K.Y.2    Whetton, A.D.3
  • 237
    • 0030069682 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Disruption of Rb/E2F-1 interaction by single point mutation in E2F-1 enhances S-phase entry and apoptosis
    • Shan B, Durfee T, Lee WH: Disruption of Rb/E2F-1 interaction by single point mutation in E2F-1 enhances S-phase entry and apoptosis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 93: 679-684, 1996
    • (1996) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.93 , pp. 679-684
    • Shan, B.1    Durfee, T.2    Lee, W.H.3
  • 238
    • 0030021282 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cell killing by the drosophila gene reaper
    • White K, Tahaoglu E, Steller H: Cell killing by the drosophila gene reaper. Science 271: 805-810, 1996
    • (1996) Science , vol.271 , pp. 805-810
    • White, K.1    Tahaoglu, E.2    Steller, H.3
  • 239
    • 0029910069 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Apototic activity of REAPER is distinct from signalling by the tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 death domain
    • Chen P, Lee P, Otto L, Abrams J: Apototic activity of REAPER is distinct from signalling by the tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 death domain. J Biol Chem 271: 25735-25737, 1996
    • (1996) J Biol Chem , vol.271 , pp. 25735-25737
    • Chen, P.1    Lee, P.2    Otto, L.3    Abrams, J.4
  • 243
    • 0029833119 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tumor necrosis factor-α and its second messenger, ceramide, stimulate apoptosis in cultured ovarian follicles
    • Kaipia A, Chun SY, Eisenhauer K, Hsueh AJW: Tumor necrosis factor-α and its second messenger, ceramide, stimulate apoptosis in cultured ovarian follicles. Endocrinology 137: 4864-4870, 1996
    • (1996) Endocrinology , vol.137 , pp. 4864-4870
    • Kaipia, A.1    Chun, S.Y.2    Eisenhauer, K.3    Hsueh, A.J.W.4
  • 245
    • 0029976817 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An essential role for NF-kB in preventing TNF-alpha-induced cell death
    • Beg AA, Baltimore D: An essential role for NF-kB in preventing TNF-alpha-induced cell death. Science 274: 782-784, 1996
    • (1996) Science , vol.274 , pp. 782-784
    • Beg, A.A.1    Baltimore, D.2
  • 246
    • 0029858387 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • TNF- And cancer therapy-induced apoptosis: Potentiation by inhibition of NF-kB
    • Wang CY, Mayo MW, Baldwin AS: TNF- and cancer therapy-induced apoptosis: potentiation by inhibition of NF-kB. Science 274: 784-787, 1996
    • (1996) Science , vol.274 , pp. 784-787
    • Wang, C.Y.1    Mayo, M.W.2    Baldwin, A.S.3
  • 248
    • 0029757120 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Wild-type and mutant p53 differentially regulate transcription of the insulin-like growth factor I gene
    • Werner H, Karinieli E, Rauscher FJ, LeRoith D: Wild-type and mutant p53 differentially regulate transcription of the insulin-like growth factor I gene. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 93: 8318-8323, 1996
    • (1996) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.93 , pp. 8318-8323
    • Werner, H.1    Karinieli, E.2    Rauscher, F.J.3    LeRoith, D.4
  • 249
    • 0029738916 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Insulin-like growth factor I receptor prevents apoptosis and enhances neuroblastoma tumori-genesis
    • Singleton JR, Randolph AK, Feldman EL: Insulin-like growth factor I receptor prevents apoptosis and enhances neuroblastoma tumori-genesis. Cancer Res 56: 4522-4529, 1996
    • (1996) Cancer Res , vol.56 , pp. 4522-4529
    • Singleton, J.R.1    Randolph, A.K.2    Feldman, E.L.3
  • 250
    • 0030590080 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The IGF-1 receptor protects tumor cells from apoptosis induced by high concentrations of serum
    • Valentinis B, Baserga R: The IGF-1 receptor protects tumor cells from apoptosis induced by high concentrations of serum. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 224: 362-368, 1996
    • (1996) Biochem Biophys Res Commun , vol.224 , pp. 362-368
    • Valentinis, B.1    Baserga, R.2
  • 251
    • 0029953942 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cloning and expression of apoptosis inhibitory protein homologs that function to inhibit apoptosis and/or bind tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factors
    • Uren AG, Pakusch M, Hawkins CJ, Puls KL, Vaux DL: Cloning and expression of apoptosis inhibitory protein homologs that function to inhibit apoptosis and/or bind tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factors. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 93: 4974-4978, 1996
    • (1996) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.93 , pp. 4974-4978
    • Uren, A.G.1    Pakusch, M.2    Hawkins, C.J.3    Puls, K.L.4    Vaux, D.L.5
  • 253
    • 0001918396 scopus 로고
    • Cell death. A new classification separating apoptosis from necrosis
    • D Bowen, RA Lockshin (eds). London, Chapman and Hall
    • Wyllie AH: Cell death. A new classification separating apoptosis from necrosis. In: D Bowen, RA Lockshin (eds). Cell Death in Biology and Pathology. London, Chapman and Hall, 1981, pp 9-34
    • (1981) Cell Death in Biology and Pathology , pp. 9-34
    • Wyllie, A.H.1
  • 257
    • 0025932984 scopus 로고
    • Apoptosis: Mechanisms and roles in pathology
    • Arends JA, Wyllie AH: Apoptosis: mechanisms and roles in pathology. Int Rev Exp Pathol 32: 223-254, 1991
    • (1991) Int Rev Exp Pathol , vol.32 , pp. 223-254
    • Arends, J.A.1    Wyllie, A.H.2
  • 258
    • 0000727505 scopus 로고
    • Morphological criteria for identifying apoptosis
    • JE Celis (ed). New York, Academic Press
    • Kerr JFR, Winterford CM, Harmon BV: Morphological criteria for identifying apoptosis. In: JE Celis (ed). Cell Biology. A Laboratory Handbook. New York, Academic Press, 1994, pp 319-329
    • (1994) Cell Biology. a Laboratory Handbook , pp. 319-329
    • Kerr, J.F.R.1    Winterford, C.M.2    Harmon, B.V.3
  • 259
    • 0015408189 scopus 로고
    • Cytolysis induced by human lymphotoxin: Cinemicrographic and electron microscopic observations
    • Russell SW, Rosenau W, Lee JC: Cytolysis induced by human lymphotoxin: cinemicrographic and electron microscopic observations. Am J Pathol 69: 103-118, 1972
    • (1972) Am J Pathol , vol.69 , pp. 103-118
    • Russell, S.W.1    Rosenau, W.2    Lee, J.C.3
  • 260
    • 0016871369 scopus 로고
    • The mechanism of T cell mediated cytotoxicity. II. Morphological studies of cell death by time-lapse microcinematography
    • Sanderson CJ: The mechanism of T cell mediated cytotoxicity. II. Morphological studies of cell death by time-lapse microcinematography. Proc R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 192: 241-255, 1976
    • (1976) Proc R Soc Lond B Biol Sci , vol.192 , pp. 241-255
    • Sanderson, C.J.1
  • 261
    • 0018705695 scopus 로고
    • Microcinematographic and electron microscopic analysis of target cell lysis induced by cytotoxic T lymphocytes
    • Matter A: Microcinematographic and electron microscopic analysis of target cell lysis induced by cytotoxic T lymphocytes. Immunology 36:179-190, 1979
    • (1979) Immunology , vol.36 , pp. 179-190
    • Matter, A.1
  • 263
    • 0027205529 scopus 로고
    • Large-scale normal cell death in the developing rat kidney and its reduction by epidermal growth factor
    • Coles HSR, Burne JF, Raff MC: Large-scale normal cell death in the developing rat kidney and its reduction by epidermal growth factor. Development 118: 777-784, 1993
    • (1993) Development , vol.118 , pp. 777-784
    • Coles, H.S.R.1    Burne, J.F.2    Raff, M.C.3
  • 264
    • 0018830636 scopus 로고
    • Glucocorticoid-induced thymocyte apoptosis is associated with endogenous endonuclease activation
    • Wyllie AH: Glucocorticoid-induced thymocyte apoptosis is associated with endogenous endonuclease activation. Nature 284: 555-556, 1980
    • (1980) Nature , vol.284 , pp. 555-556
    • Wyllie, A.H.1
  • 265
    • 0027217084 scopus 로고
    • Apoptotic death in epithelial cells: Cleavage of DNA to 300 and/or 50 kb fragments prior to or in the absence of internucleosomal fragmentation
    • Oberhammer F, Wilson JW, Dive C, Morris ID, Hickman JA, Wakeling AK, Walker PR, Sikorska M: Apoptotic death in epithelial cells: cleavage of DNA to 300 and/or 50 kb fragments prior to or in the absence of internucleosomal fragmentation. EMBO J 12: 3679-3684, 1993
    • (1993) EMBO J , vol.12 , pp. 3679-3684
    • Oberhammer, F.1    Wilson, J.W.2    Dive, C.3    Morris, I.D.4    Hickman, J.A.5    Wakeling, A.K.6    Walker, P.R.7    Sikorska, M.8
  • 266
    • 0027138785 scopus 로고
    • Detection of the initial stages of DNA fragmentation in apoptosis
    • Walker PR, Kokileva L, LeBlanc J, Sikorska M: Detection of the initial stages of DNA fragmentation in apoptosis. Biotechniques 15: 1032-1040, 1993
    • (1993) Biotechniques , vol.15 , pp. 1032-1040
    • Walker, P.R.1    Kokileva, L.2    LeBlanc, J.3    Sikorska, M.4
  • 267
    • 0029042718 scopus 로고
    • Nuclear changes in apoptosis
    • Earnshaw WC: Nuclear changes in apoptosis. Curr Opin Cell Biol 7: 337-343, 1995
    • (1995) Curr Opin Cell Biol , vol.7 , pp. 337-343
    • Earnshaw, W.C.1
  • 268
    • 0028175797 scopus 로고
    • 2+-dependent cleavage of DNA into kilobase pair fragments is responsible for the initial degradation of DNA in apoptosis
    • 2+-dependent cleavage of DNA into kilobase pair fragments is responsible for the initial degradation of DNA in apoptosis. J Biol Chem 269: 14857-14860, 1994
    • (1994) J Biol Chem , vol.269 , pp. 14857-14860
    • Sun, X.-M.1    Cohen, G.M.2
  • 269
    • 0026555808 scopus 로고
    • Internucleosomal DNA cleavage should not be the sole criterion for identifying apoptosis
    • Collins RJ, Harmon BV, Gobé GC, Kerr JFR: Internucleosomal DNA cleavage should not be the sole criterion for identifying apoptosis. Int J Radiat Biol 61: 451-453, 1992
    • (1992) Int J Radiat Biol , vol.61 , pp. 451-453
    • Collins, R.J.1    Harmon, B.V.2    Gobé, G.C.3    Kerr, J.F.R.4
  • 270
    • 0027458695 scopus 로고
    • Characterization of the endogenous deoxyribonuclease involved in nuclear DNA degradation during apoptosis (programmed cell death)
    • Peitsch MC, Polzar B, Stephan H, Crompton T, MacDonald HR, Mannhertz HG, Tschopp J: Characterization of the endogenous deoxyribonuclease involved in nuclear DNA degradation during apoptosis (programmed cell death). EMBO J 12: 371-377, 1993
    • (1993) EMBO J , vol.12 , pp. 371-377
    • Peitsch, M.C.1    Polzar, B.2    Stephan, H.3    Crompton, T.4    MacDonald, H.R.5    Mannhertz, H.G.6    Tschopp, J.7
  • 271
    • 0027164993 scopus 로고
    • Identification of deoxyribonuclease II as an endonuclease involved in apoptosis
    • Barry MA, Eastman A: Identification of deoxyribonuclease II as an endonuclease involved in apoptosis. Arch Biochem Biophys 300: 440-450, 1993
    • (1993) Arch Biochem Biophys , vol.300 , pp. 440-450
    • Barry, M.A.1    Eastman, A.2
  • 272
    • 0026648674 scopus 로고
    • Identification of programmed cell death in situ via specific labeling of nuclear DNA fragmentation
    • Gavrieli Y, Sherman Y, Ben-Sasson SA: Identification of programmed cell death in situ via specific labeling of nuclear DNA fragmentation. J Cell Biol 119: 493-501, 1992
    • (1992) J Cell Biol , vol.119 , pp. 493-501
    • Gavrieli, Y.1    Sherman, Y.2    Ben-Sasson, S.A.3
  • 274
    • 0029294613 scopus 로고
    • In situ detection of fragmented DNA (TUNEL assay) fails to discriminate among apoptosis, necrosis, and autolytic cell death: A cautionary note
    • Grasl-Kraupp B, Ruttkay-Nedecky B, Koudelka H, Bukowska K, Bursch W, Schulte-Hermann R: In situ detection of fragmented DNA (TUNEL assay) fails to discriminate among apoptosis, necrosis, and autolytic cell death: a cautionary note. Hepatology 21: 1465-1468, 1995
    • (1995) Hepatology , vol.21 , pp. 1465-1468
    • Grasl-Kraupp, B.1    Ruttkay-Nedecky, B.2    Koudelka, H.3    Bukowska, K.4    Bursch, W.5    Schulte-Hermann, R.6
  • 275
    • 0027191429 scopus 로고
    • In situ end-labelling detects DNA strand breaks in apoptosis and other physiological and pathological states
    • Ansari B, Coates PJ, Greenstein BD, Hall PA: In situ end-labelling detects DNA strand breaks in apoptosis and other physiological and pathological states. J Pathol 170: 1-8, 1993
    • (1993) J Pathol , vol.170 , pp. 1-8
    • Ansari, B.1    Coates, P.J.2    Greenstein, B.D.3    Hall, P.A.4
  • 276
    • 0023159034 scopus 로고
    • Induction and activation of tissue transglutaminase during programmed cell death
    • Fesus L, Thomazy V, Falus A: Induction and activation of tissue transglutaminase during programmed cell death. FEBS Lett 224: 104-108, 1987
    • (1987) FEBS Lett , vol.224 , pp. 104-108
    • Fesus, L.1    Thomazy, V.2    Falus, A.3
  • 277
    • 0029792058 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Apoptosis of epithelial cells in vivo involves tissue transglutaminase upregulation
    • Cummings M: Apoptosis of epithelial cells in vivo involves tissue transglutaminase upregulation. J Pathol 179: 288-293, 1996
    • (1996) J Pathol , vol.179 , pp. 288-293
    • Cummings, M.1
  • 278
    • 43949172708 scopus 로고
    • Phagocyte recognition of cells undergoing apoptosis
    • Savill J, Fadok V, Henson P, Haslett C: Phagocyte recognition of cells undergoing apoptosis. Immunol Today 14: 131-136, 1993
    • (1993) Immunol Today , vol.14 , pp. 131-136
    • Savill, J.1    Fadok, V.2    Henson, P.3    Haslett, C.4
  • 279
    • 0028916569 scopus 로고
    • Relationships between DNA fragmentation, chromatin condensation, and changes in flow cytometry profiles detected during apoptosis
    • Tounekti O, Belehradek J Jr, Mir LM: Relationships between DNA fragmentation, chromatin condensation, and changes in flow cytometry profiles detected during apoptosis. Exp Cell Res 217: 506-516, 1995
    • (1995) Exp Cell Res , vol.217 , pp. 506-516
    • Tounekti, O.1    Belehradek Jr., J.2    Mir, L.M.3
  • 280
    • 0026540818 scopus 로고
    • Comparative evaluation of several DNA binding dyes in the detection of apoptosis-associated chromatin degradation by flow cytometry
    • Telford WG, King LE, Fraker PJ: Comparative evaluation of several DNA binding dyes in the detection of apoptosis-associated chromatin degradation by flow cytometry. Cytometry 13: 137-143, 1992
    • (1992) Cytometry , vol.13 , pp. 137-143
    • Telford, W.G.1    King, L.E.2    Fraker, P.J.3
  • 283
    • 0002204915 scopus 로고
    • Definition and incidence of apoptosis: An historical perspective
    • LD Tomei, FO Cope (eds). Cold Spring Harbor: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press
    • Kerr JFR, Harmon BV: Definition and incidence of apoptosis: an historical perspective. In: LD Tomei, FO Cope (eds). Apoptosis: The Molecular Basis of Cell Death. Cold Spring Harbor: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, 1991, pp 5-29
    • (1991) Apoptosis: the Molecular Basis of Cell Death , pp. 5-29
    • Kerr, J.F.R.1    Harmon, B.V.2
  • 284
    • 0028329172 scopus 로고
    • Apoptosis: Its significance in cancer and cancer therapy
    • Kerr JFR, Winterford CM, Harmon BV: Apoptosis: its significance in cancer and cancer therapy. Cancer 73: 2013-2026, 1994
    • (1994) Cancer , vol.73 , pp. 2013-2026
    • Kerr, J.F.R.1    Winterford, C.M.2    Harmon, B.V.3
  • 286
    • 0027373764 scopus 로고
    • Programmed cell death and the control of cell survival: Lessons from the nervous system
    • Raff MC, Barres BA, Burne JF, Coles HS, Ishizaki Y, Jacobson MD: Programmed cell death and the control of cell survival: lessons from the nervous system. Science 262: 695-700, 1993
    • (1993) Science , vol.262 , pp. 695-700
    • Raff, M.C.1    Barres, B.A.2    Burne, J.F.3    Coles, H.S.4    Ishizaki, Y.5    Jacobson, M.D.6
  • 287
    • 0024492086 scopus 로고
    • Antibodies to CS2/T-cell receptor complex induce death by apoptosis in immature T cells in thymic cultures
    • Smith CA, Williams GT, Kingston R, Jenkinson EJ, Owen JJT: Antibodies to CS2/T-cell receptor complex induce death by apoptosis in immature T cells in thymic cultures. Nature 337: 181-184, 1989
    • (1989) Nature , vol.337 , pp. 181-184
    • Smith, C.A.1    Williams, G.T.2    Kingston, R.3    Jenkinson, E.J.4    Owen, J.J.T.5
  • 289
    • 0027389198 scopus 로고
    • A role for immunoglobulin D: Interference with tolerance induction
    • Carsetti R, Kohler G, Lamers MC: A role for immunoglobulin D: interference with tolerance induction. Eur J Immunol 23: 168-178, 1993
    • (1993) Eur J Immunol , vol.23 , pp. 168-178
    • Carsetti, R.1    Kohler, G.2    Lamers, M.C.3
  • 290
    • 0014945083 scopus 로고
    • Properties of rapidly labelled deoxyribonucleic acid fragments isolated from the cytoplasm of primary cultures of embryonic mouse liver cells
    • Williamson R: Properties of rapidly labelled deoxyribonucleic acid fragments isolated from the cytoplasm of primary cultures of embryonic mouse liver cells. J Mol Biol 51: 157-168, 1970
    • (1970) J Mol Biol , vol.51 , pp. 157-168
    • Williamson, R.1
  • 291
    • 0015333237 scopus 로고
    • On the expulsion of the erythroid nucleus and its phagocytosis
    • Skutelsky E, Danon D: On the expulsion of the erythroid nucleus and its phagocytosis. Anat Rec 173: 123-126, 1972
    • (1972) Anat Rec , vol.173 , pp. 123-126
    • Skutelsky, E.1    Danon, D.2
  • 292
    • 0017733259 scopus 로고
    • DNA degradation in terminally differentiating lens fiber cells from chick embryos
    • Appleby DW, Modak SP: DNA degradation in terminally differentiating lens fiber cells from chick embryos. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 12: 5579-5583, 1977
    • (1977) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.12 , pp. 5579-5583
    • Appleby, D.W.1    Modak, S.P.2
  • 293
    • 0025896877 scopus 로고
    • Programmed cell death in terminally differentiating keratinocytes: Role of endogenous endonuclease
    • McCall CA, Cohen JJ: Programmed cell death in terminally differentiating keratinocytes: role of endogenous endonuclease. J Invest Dermatol 97: 111-114, 1991
    • (1991) J Invest Dermatol , vol.97 , pp. 111-114
    • McCall, C.A.1    Cohen, J.J.2
  • 294
    • 0028589378 scopus 로고
    • Regulation of cell number in the mammalian gastrointestinal tract: The importance of apoptosis
    • Hall PA, Coates PJ, Ansari B, Hopwood D: Regulation of cell number in the mammalian gastrointestinal tract: the importance of apoptosis. J Cell Sci 107: 3569-3577, 1994
    • (1994) J Cell Sci , vol.107 , pp. 3569-3577
    • Hall, P.A.1    Coates, P.J.2    Ansari, B.3    Hopwood, D.4
  • 295
    • 0026495986 scopus 로고
    • Macrophage recognition of senescent neutrophils
    • Savill J: Macrophage recognition of senescent neutrophils. Clin Sci Colch 83: 649-655, 1992
    • (1992) Clin Sci Colch , vol.83 , pp. 649-655
    • Savill, J.1
  • 296
    • 0017144486 scopus 로고
    • Atrophy and apoptosis in the cyclical human endometrium
    • Hopwood D, Levison DA: Atrophy and apoptosis in the cyclical human endometrium. J Pathol 119: 159-166, 1976
    • (1976) J Pathol , vol.119 , pp. 159-166
    • Hopwood, D.1    Levison, D.A.2
  • 297
    • 0019447387 scopus 로고
    • Morphological evaluation of cell turnover in relation to the menstrual cycle in the 'resting' human breast
    • Ferguson DJP, Anderson TJ: Morphological evaluation of cell turnover in relation to the menstrual cycle in the 'resting' human breast. Br J Cancer 44: 177-181, 1981
    • (1981) Br J Cancer , vol.44 , pp. 177-181
    • Ferguson, D.J.P.1    Anderson, T.J.2
  • 298
    • 0015752534 scopus 로고
    • Cell death in the normal neonatal rat adrenal cortex
    • Wyllie AH, Kerr JFR, Currie AR: Cell death in the normal neonatal rat adrenal cortex. J Pathol 111: 255-261, 1973
    • (1973) J Pathol , vol.111 , pp. 255-261
    • Wyllie, A.H.1    Kerr, J.F.R.2    Currie, A.R.3
  • 299
    • 0015781790 scopus 로고
    • Deletion of cells by apoptosis during castration-induced involution of the rat prostate
    • Kerr JFR, Searle J: Deletion of cells by apoptosis during castration-induced involution of the rat prostate. Virchows Arch [B] 13: 87-102, 1973
    • (1973) Virchows Arch [B] , vol.13 , pp. 87-102
    • Kerr, J.F.R.1    Searle, J.2
  • 300
    • 0023151584 scopus 로고
    • Ultrastructure of the rat pancreas after experimental duct ligation. I. the role of apoptosis and intraepithelial macrophages in acinar cell deletion
    • Walker NI: Ultrastructure of the rat pancreas after experimental duct ligation. I. The role of apoptosis and intraepithelial macrophages in acinar cell deletion. Am J Pathol 126: 439-451, 1987
    • (1987) Am J Pathol , vol.126 , pp. 439-451
    • Walker, N.I.1
  • 301
    • 0023510124 scopus 로고
    • Cell death and cell proliferation during atrophy of the rat parotid gland induced by duct obstruction
    • Walker NI, Gobé GC: Cell death and cell proliferation during atrophy of the rat parotid gland induced by duct obstruction. J Pathol 153: 333-344, 1987
    • (1987) J Pathol , vol.153 , pp. 333-344
    • Walker, N.I.1    Gobé, G.C.2
  • 302
    • 0023195534 scopus 로고
    • Genesis of renal tubular atrophy in experimental hydronephrosis in the rat: Role of apoptosis
    • Gobé GC, Axelsen RA: Genesis of renal tubular atrophy in experimental hydronephrosis in the rat: role of apoptosis. Lab Invest 56: 273-281, 1987
    • (1987) Lab Invest , vol.56 , pp. 273-281
    • Gobé, G.C.1    Axelsen, R.A.2
  • 303
    • 0023036080 scopus 로고
    • The morphologic characterization of cell death induced by mild hyperthermia and comparison with death induced by ionizing radiation and cytotoxic drugs
    • Allan DJ, Harmon BV: The morphologic characterization of cell death induced by mild hyperthermia and comparison with death induced by ionizing radiation and cytotoxic drugs. Scan Electron Microsc 3: 1121-1133, 1986
    • (1986) Scan Electron Microsc , vol.3 , pp. 1121-1133
    • Allan, D.J.1    Harmon, B.V.2
  • 304
    • 0028294895 scopus 로고
    • The binding and lysis of target cells by cytotoxic lymphocytes: Molecular and cellular aspects
    • Berke G: The binding and lysis of target cells by cytotoxic lymphocytes: molecular and cellular aspects. Annu Rev Immunol 12: 735-773, 1994
    • (1994) Annu Rev Immunol , vol.12 , pp. 735-773
    • Berke, G.1
  • 305
    • 0028888915 scopus 로고
    • Apoptosis as a mechanism of cell death in a rat model of liver allograft rejection
    • Krams SM, Egawa H, Quinn MB, Martinez OM: Apoptosis as a mechanism of cell death in a rat model of liver allograft rejection. Transplant Proc 27: 466-467, 1995
    • (1995) Transplant Proc , vol.27 , pp. 466-467
    • Krams, S.M.1    Egawa, H.2    Quinn, M.B.3    Martinez, O.M.4
  • 306
  • 307
    • 0029012444 scopus 로고
    • Apoptosis and hepatobiliary disease
    • Patel T, Gores GJ: Apoptosis and hepatobiliary disease. Hepatology 21: 1725-1741, 1995
    • (1995) Hepatology , vol.21 , pp. 1725-1741
    • Patel, T.1    Gores, G.J.2
  • 308
    • 0020608650 scopus 로고
    • Electron microscopic observation of destruction of biliary epithelium in primary biliary cirrhosis
    • Nakanuma Y, Ohta G, Kono N, Kobayashi K, Kato Y: Electron microscopic observation of destruction of biliary epithelium in primary biliary cirrhosis. Liver 3: 238-248, 1983
    • (1983) Liver , vol.3 , pp. 238-248
    • Nakanuma, Y.1    Ohta, G.2    Kono, N.3    Kobayashi, K.4    Kato, Y.5
  • 309
    • 0027254726 scopus 로고
    • Patterns of cell death: The significance of apoptosis for dermatology
    • Paus R, Rosenbach T, Haas N, Czarnetzki BM: Patterns of cell death: the significance of apoptosis for dermatology. Exp Dermatol 2: 3-11, 1993
    • (1993) Exp Dermatol , vol.2 , pp. 3-11
    • Paus, R.1    Rosenbach, T.2    Haas, N.3    Czarnetzki, B.M.4
  • 311
    • 0028670370 scopus 로고
    • From AIDS to parasite infection: Pathogen mediated subversion of programmed cell death as a mechanism for immune dysregulation
    • Ameisen JC, Estaquier J, Idziorek T: From AIDS to parasite infection: pathogen mediated subversion of programmed cell death as a mechanism for immune dysregulation. Immunol Rev 142:9-51, 1994
    • (1994) Immunol Rev , vol.142 , pp. 9-51
    • Ameisen, J.C.1    Estaquier, J.2    Idziorek, T.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.