Pulmonary infections in hospitalized patients with cirrhosis

Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology

Volumn 26, Issue 1, 1998, Pages 44-49

  Mabee, Christopher L ^a   Fromkes, John J ^a   Pacht, Eric R ^a   Ayers, Leona W ^a   Kirkpatrick, Robert B ^a   Sundaram, Uma ^a  

^a THE OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY WEXNER MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

Bronchoalveolar lavage; Cirrhosis; Fungus; Immunosuppression; Liver; Pneumonia; Transplantation

Indexed keywords

ANTIBIOTIC AGENT; ANTIFUNGAL AGENT; IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE AGENT;

ADULT; AGED; ANTIBIOTIC THERAPY; ARTICLE; BRONCHOSCOPY; CONTROLLED STUDY; FEMALE; HOSPITAL PATIENT; HUMAN; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTION; HUMAN TISSUE; IMMUNE DEFICIENCY; IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE TREATMENT; LIVER CIRRHOSIS; LUNG INFECTION; LUNG LAVAGE; LUNG MYCOSIS; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTION; PNEUMONIA; PRIORITY JOURNAL; TREATMENT FAILURE;

ADULT; AGED; BRONCHOALVEOLAR LAVAGE FLUID; FEMALE; HOSPITALIZATION; HUMANS; LIVER CIRRHOSIS; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTIONS; PNEUMONIA; RETROSPECTIVE STUDIES;

EID: 0031885141     PISSN: 01920790     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/00004836-199801000-00012     Document Type: Article

References (30)

1. Thomas HC. Immunologic aspects of liver disease. In: Schiff L, Schiff ER, eds. Diseases of the liver, 6th ed. Philadelphia: JB Lippincott, 1987:163-79.
2. Thomas HC. The immune response in hepatic cirrhosis: animal and human studies. Proc R Soc Med 1977;70:521-5.
3. Thomas HC, Singer CR, Tilney NL, Folch H, MacSween RN. The immune response in cirrhotic rats. Antigen distribution, humoral immunity, and splenic suppressor cell activity. Clin Exp Immunol 1976;26:574-82.
4. Rajkovic IA, Williams R. Abnormalities of neutrophil phagocytosis, intracellular killing and metabolic activity in alcoholic cirrhosis and hepatitis. Hepatology 1986;6:252-62.
5. Rimola A, Sota R, Bory F, Arroyo V, Piera C, Rodes J. Reticuloendothelial system phagocytic activity in cirrhosis and its relation to bacterial infections and prognosis. Hepatology 1984;4:53-8.
6. DeMeo AN, Andersen BR. Defective chemotaxis associated with a serum inhibitor in cirrhotic patients. N Engl J Med 1972;286: 735-40.
7. Maderazo EG, Ward PA, Quintiliani R. Defective regulation of chemotaxis in cirrhosis. J Lab Clin Med 1975;85:621-30.
8. Robbins RA, Zetterman RK, Kendall TJ, Gossman GL, Monsour HP, Rennard SI. Elevation of chemotactic factor inactivator in alcoholic liver disease. Hepatology 1987;7:872-7.
9. Feizi T. Immunoglobulins in chronic liver disease. Gut 1968;9: 193-8.
10. Bjorneboe M, Jensen KB, Scheibel I, Thomsen AC, Bentzon MW. Tetanus anti-toxin production and gamma globulin levels in patients with cirrhosis of the liver. Acta Med Scand 1970;188:541-6.
11. Leevy CM. Alcoholic hepatitis, cirrhosis, and immunologic reactivity. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1975;252:106.
12. Thomas HC, MacSween RN, White RG. Hyperglobulinaemia in liver disease. Lancet 1973;2:104-5.
13. Thomas HC, Holden R, Jones JV, Peacock DB. Immune response to phi X174 in man. 5. Primary and secondary antibody production in primary biliary cirrhosis. Gut 1976;17:844-8.
14. Ratnoff OD, Patek AJ. The natural history of Laennec's cirrhosis of the liver. Medicine 1942;21:207-68.
15. Caly WR, Strauss E. A prospective study of bacterial infections in patients with cirrhosis. J Hepatol 1993;18:353-8.
16. Mabee CL, Mabee SW, Kirkpatrick RB, Koletar SL. Cirrhosis: a risk factor for Cryptococcal peritonitis. Am J Gastroenterol 1995;90:2042-5.
17. Michaels MG, Green M. Pretransplantation infectious disease screening for liver transplantation candidates. In: Busuttil RW, Klintmalm GB, eds. Transplantation of the liver, 1st ed. Philadelphia: WB Saunders, 1996:315-21.
18. Pue CA, Pacht ER. Complications of fiberoptic bronchoscopy at a university hospital. Chest 1995;107:430-2.
19. Pisani RJ, Wright AJ. Clinical utility of bronchoalveolar lavage in immunocompromised hosts. Mayo Clin Proc 1992;67:221-7.
20. Saito H, Anaissie EJ, Morice RC, Dekmezian R, Bodey GP. Bronchoalveolar lavage in the diagnosis of pulmonary infiltrates in patients with acute leukemia. Chest 1988;94:745-9.
21. Marra R, Pajano L, Pagliari G, Frigiera L, Storti S, Morace G, et al. The yield of bronchoalveolar lavage in the etiological diagnosis of pneumonia in leukemia and lymphoma patients. Eur J Haematol 1993;51:256-8.
22. Feinsilver SH, Fein AM, Niederman MS, Schultz DE, Faegenburg DH. Utility of fiberoptic bronchoscopy in nonresolving pneumonia. Chest 1990;98:1322-6.
23. Cantral DE, Tape TG, Reed EC, Spurzem JR, Rennard SI, Thompson AB. Quantitative culture of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid for the diagnosis of bacterial pneumonia. Am J Med 1993;95:601-7.
24. Davies SF. Diagnosis of pulmonary fungal infection. Semin Respir Infect 1988;3:162-71.
25. Schimpff SC. Infections in the compromised host - an overview. In: Mandell GL, Douglas RG, Bennett JE, eds. Principles and practice of infectious diseases, 3rd ed. New York: Churchill Livingstone, Inc., 1990:2258-65.
26. Zar JH. Multisample hypotheses: the analysis of variance and multiple comparisons. In: Zar JH, ed. Biostatistical analysis, 3rd ed. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1996:179-235.
27. Goldstein RA, Rohatgi PK, Bergofsky EH, Block ER, Daniele RP, Dantzker DR, et al. Clinical role of bronchoalveolar lavage in adults with pulmonary disease. Am Rev Respir Dis 1990;142:481-6.
28. Krick J, Remington J. Opportunistic fungal infection in patients with leukemia and lymphoma. Clin Hematol 1976;5:249-310.
29. Meunier F. Infections in patients with acute leukemia and lymphoma. In: Mandell GL, Douglas RG, Bennett JE, eds. Principles and practice of infectious diseases, 3rd ed. New York: Churchill Livingstone Inc., 1990:2265-75.
30. Dalhoff K, Braun J, Hollandt H, Lipp R, Wiessmann KJ, Marre R. Diagnostic value of bronchoalveolar lavage in patients with opportunistic and nonopportunistic bacterial pneumonia. Infection 1993; 21:291-6.