Modelling the thermal stratification in the North Sea

Journal of Marine Systems

Volumn 14, Issue 1-2, 1998, Pages 151-165

  Warrach, Kirsten ^a  

^a INSTITUTE OF MATERIALS RESEARCH   (Germany)

Author keywords

North Sea; Parameterization; Stratification; Thermocline; Vertical mixing

Indexed keywords

STRATIFICATION; THERMAL STRATIFICATION;

NORTH SEA;

EID: 0031885052     PISSN: 09247963     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0924-7963(98)00007-4     Document Type: Article

References (30)

1. Becker, G.A., 1981. Beiträge zur Hydrographie und Wärmebilanz der Nordsee. Dtsch. Hydrogr. Z. 34, 167-262.
2. Blumberg, A.F., Mellor, G.L., 1987. A description of a three-dimensional coastal ocean circulation model. In: Heaps, N.S. (Ed.), Three-Dimensional Coastal Ocean Models. Am. Geophys. Union, Washington, DC, pp. 1-16.
3. Clarke, T., 1986. A two layer model of the seasonal thermocline and its application to the North West European Continental Shelf Seas. UCES Rep. U86-2.
4. Davies, A.M., 1987. Spectral models in continental shelf sea oceanography. In: Heaps, N.S. (Ed.), Three-Dimensional Coastal Ocean Models. Am. Geophys. Union, Washington, DC, pp. 71-106.
5. Deleersnijder, E., Luyten, P., 1994. On the practical advantages of the quasi-equilibrium version of the Mellor and Yamada level 2.5 turbulence closure applied to marine modelling. Appl. Math. Modelling 18, 281-287.
6. Denman, K.L., 1973. A time-dependent model of the upper ocean. J. Phys. Oceanogr. 3, 173-184.
7. Dickey, T.D., Simpson, J.J., 1993. The sensitivity of upper ocean structure to time varying wind direction. Geophys. Res. Lett. 10, 133-136.
8. Edinger, J.E., Duttweiler, D.W., Geyer, J.C., 1968. The response of water temperature to meteorological conditions. Water Resour. Res. 4, 1137-1143.
9. Elliott, A.J., Li, Z., 1993. A model of the annual cycle of temperature in the U.K. Shelf Seas with stochastic wind forcing. UCES Rep. U93-8.
10. Galperin, B., Kantha, L.H., Hassid, S., Rosati, A., 1988. A quasi-equilibrium turbulent energy model for geophysical flows. J. Atmos, Sci. 45, 55-62.
11. Gerrity, J.P. Jr., Black, T.L., Treadon, R.E., 1994. The numerical solution of the Mellor-Yamada level 2.5 turbulent kinetic energy equation in the Eta model. Mon. Weather Rev. 122, 1640-1646.
12. Huthnance, J.M., 1990. Community research projects - the North Sea project: a progress report. Ocean Challenge 1, 31-33.
13. Jerlov, N.G., 1968. Optical Oceanography. Elsevier Oceanography Ser., 5. Elsevier, Amsterdam, 194 pp.
14. Li, Z., Elliott, A.J., 1993. Modelling the vertical structure of tidal currents and temperature of the North Sea. Estuarine Coastal Shelf Sci. 36, 549-564.
15. Luyten, P.J., 1996. An analytical and numerical study of surface and bottom boundary layers with variable forcing and application to the North Sea. J. Mar. Syst. 8, 171-189.
16. Martin, P.J., 1985. Simulation of the mixed layer at OWS November and Papa with several models. J. Geophys. Res. 90 (C1), 903-916.
17. Mellor, G.L., Yamada, T., 1974. A hierarchy of turbulence closure models for planetary boundary layers. J. Atmos. Sci. 31, 1791-1806.
18. Mellor, G.L., Yamada, T., 1982. Development of a turbulence closure model for geophysical fluid problems. Rev. Geophys. Space Phys. 20 (4), 851-875.
19. Pohlmann, T., 1996a. Calculating the development of the thermal vertical stratification in the North Sea with a three-dimensional baroclinic circulation model. Cont. Shelf Res. 16 (2), 168-194.
20. Pohlmann, T., 1996b. Simulating the heat storage in the North Sea with a three-dimensional circulation model. Cont. Shelf Res. 16 (2), 195-213.
21. Proctor, R., Flather, R.A., 1983. Routine storm surge forecasting using numerical models: procedures and computer programs for use on the CDC CYBER 205E at the British Meteorological Office. Inst. Oceanogr. Sci., Rep. 167, 171 pp.
22. Proctor, R., James, I., 1996. A fine resolution 3-D model of the southern North Sea. J. Mar. Syst., 8, 285-295.
23. Proctor, R., Smith, J., 1991. The depth-averaged residual circulation on the North West European Shelf, August 1988-October 1989. Proudman Oceanogr. Lab., Rep. 20, 255 pp.
24. Ridderinkhof, H., 1992. On the effects of variability in meteorological forcing on the vertical structure of a stratified water column. Cont. Shelf Res. 12 (1), 25-36.
25. Rodi, W., 1987. Examples of calculation methods for flow and mixing in stratified fluids. J. Geophys. Res. 92 (C5), 5305-5328.
26. Ruddick, K.G., Deleersnijder, E., Luyten, P.J., Ozer, I., 1995. Haline stratification in the Rhine/Meuse freshwater plume: a 3D model sensitivity analysis. Cont. Shelf Res. 15 (13), 1597-1630.
27. Sharples, J., Simpson, J.H., 1995. Semi-diurnal and longer period stability cycles in the Liverpool Bay region of freshwater influence. Cont. Shelf Res. 15 (2/3), 295-313.
28. Sharples, J., Tett, P., 1994. Modelling the effect of physical variability on the midwater chlorophyll maximum. J. Mar. Res. 52, 219-238.
29. Skogen, M.D., Svendson, E., Berentsen, J., Aksnes, D., Ulvestad, K.B., 1995. Modelling the primary production in the North Sea using a coupled three-dimensional physical-chemical-biological ocean model. Estuarine Coastal Shelf Sci. 41 (5), 545-566.
30. Tett, P.E., Joint, I.R., Purdie, D.A., Baars, M., Oosterhuis, S., Daneri, G., Hannah, F., Mills, D.K., Plummer, D., Pomroy, A.J., Walne, A.W., Witte, H.J., 1994. Biological consequences of tidal stirring gradients in the North Sea. In: Charnock, H., Dyer, K.R., Huthnance, J.M., Liss, P.S., Simpson, J.H., Tett, P.B. (Eds.), Understanding the North Sea System. Chapman and Hall, London, pp. 115-130.