Affirmative action in medical education: A legal perspective

Academic Medicine

Volumn 73, Issue 3, 1998, Pages 231-236

  Helms, Lelia B ^a   Helms, Charles M ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF IOWA   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF IOWA   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT; GOVERNMENT; LAW SUIT; LEGAL ASPECT; MEDICAL EDUCATION; MEDICAL SCHOOL; MEDICAL STUDENT; MINORITY GROUP; PRACTICE GUIDELINE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RACE DIFFERENCE; REVIEW; UNITED STATES;

EID: 0031883941     PISSN: 10402446     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/00001888-199803000-00010     Document Type: Review

References (30)

1. Barzansky B, Jonas H, Etzel S. Educational programs in U.S. medical schools. JAMA. 1996;276:714-9.
2. Ready T, Nickens H. Affirmative action and Project 3000 by 2000. Acad Med. 1996;77:656-7.
3. Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas, 347 U.S. 483 (1954).
4. Hopwood v. State of Texas, 78 F.3d 932 (5th Cir. 1996), cert denied, 116 S.Ct. 2580 (1996).
5. Regents of the University of California v. Bakke, 438 U.S. 265 (1978).
6. Board of Curators of the University of Missouri v. Horowitz, 435 U.S. 78 (1978).
7. Cannon v. University of Chicago, 441 U.S. 677 (1979).
8. Regents of the University of Michigan v. Ewing, 474 U.S. 214 (1985).
9. Amendment XIV. Section 1 (1868). United States Constitution.
10. Plessy v. Ferguson, 163 U.S. 537 (1986).
11. 42 U.S.C. 2000d et seq.; and 42 U.S.C. 2000e et seq., respectively.
12. 3 C.F.R. 448-50 (1959-1963 Comp.).
13. 30 F.R. 12319, as amended by Executive Order 11375, 32 F.R. 14303.
14. 45 C.F.R. 80.3(b) et seq.
15. United States v. Paradise, 480 U.S. 149 (1987).
16. City of Richmond v. J. A. Croson Co., 488 U.S. 469 (1989).
17. Adarand Constructors Inc. v. Pena, 115 S.Ct. 2097 (1995).
18. Wygant v. Jackson Board of Education, 476 U.S. 267 (1986).
19. Metro Broadcasting v. F.C.C., 497 U.S. 547 (1990), overruled by Adarand Constructors Inc. v. Pena, 115 S.Ct. 2097 (1995).
20. Taxman v. Board of Education of Township of Piscataway, 91 F.3d 1547 (3rd Cir. 1996).
21. Shaw v. Reno, 320 U.S. 81 (1993).
22. Podberesky v. Kirwan, 956 F.2d 52 (4th Cir. 1992), amended 46 F.3d 5 (4th Cir. 1994), cert denied, 115 S.Ct. 2001 (1995).
23. Thro W. The constitutional problem of race-based scholarships and a practical solution. West's Educ Law Reporter. 1996;111:625-36.
24. Thomas S, Hirschman J. Minority-targeted scholarships: more than a black and white issue. J College and University Law. 1995;21:555-90.
25. U.S. Department of Education. Policy guidance on race-targeted aid. 59 F.R. 8756 et seq. (1994).
26. Minority Students in Medical Education: Facts and Figures IX. Washington, DC: Association of American Medical Colleges, 1996, Tables 1b, 3b, 7a, 10b, 16, 19.
27. Kassebaum D, Szenas P, Schuchert M. On rising medical student debt: in for a penny, in for a pound. Acad Med. 1996;71:1124-34.
28. Garfield L. Squaring affirmative actions admissions policies with federal judicial guidelines: a model for the twenty-first century. J College and University Law. 1996;22:895-934.
29. Fadem B, Schuchman M, Simring S. The relationship between parental income and academic performance of medical students. Acad Med. 1995;70:1142-4.
30. Gary Hanson, director of institutional research, University of Texas, Austin, Texas. Personal communication, January 1997.