Financing health services in Poland: New evidence on private expenditures

Health Economics

Volumn 7, Issue 4, 1998, Pages 337-346

  Chawla, Mukesh ^a   Berman, Peter ^a   Kawiorska, Dorota ^b  

^a HARVARD SCHOOL OF PUBLIC HEALTH   (United States)

^b CRACOW UNIVERSITY OF ECONOMICS   (Poland)

Author keywords

Health financing; Informal payments; National Health Accounts; Poland; Private expenditure

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; HEALTH CARE COST; HEALTH CARE FINANCING; HEALTH CARE NEED; HEALTH SERVICE; POLAND; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PRIVATE PRACTICE;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; CHILD; DENTAL CARE; FEMALE; FINANCING, PERSONAL; HEALTH CARE SURVEYS; HEALTH EXPENDITURES; HEALTH RESOURCES; HEALTH SERVICES NEEDS AND DEMAND; HOSPITALIZATION; HUMANS; MALE; NATIONAL HEALTH PROGRAMS; OFFICE VISITS; POLAND; PRIVATE SECTOR; PUBLIC SECTOR;

EID: 0031876346     PISSN: 10579230     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1099-1050(199806)7:4<337::AID-HEC340>3.0.CO;2-Z     Document Type: Article

References (12)

1. Chawla, M. and Kawiorska, D. Analiza wydatkow rzadowych w zakresie ochrony zdrowia w Polsce w latach 1960-1990, Antidotum-zarzadzanie w opiece zdrowotnej 1997; VI(1): 36-45.
2. This includes expenditure on drugs and salaries of medical staff working in parallel health services, like Railways, Education, Industry, etc., but excludes nonmedical salaries, maintenance, and capital outlays, that are financed by the respective ministries. We do not have an estimate of health budgets of parallel ministries at this time. However, an idea of the magnitude of non-medical staff salaries and other expenses can be obtained by looking at the budget of St. Jan Grande Hospital in Krakow, where non-medical staff salaries and other expenses accounted for 56% of the total budget of the hospital in 1995.
3. Tymowska, K. Health services financing in Poland. International Journal of Health Planning and Management 1987; 2: 147-57.
4. Berman, P. National Health Accounts in developing countries: appropriate methods and recent applications. Health Economics 1997; 6: 11-30.
5. National Health Accounts (NHA) are a tool to assess health expenditures, and describe the expenditure flows, both public and private, within the health sector of a country. They describe the sources, uses and flow of funds within the health system, and thus provide information on allocation and mobilization of health sector resources. 'Sources' of financing might include the Ministry of Finance, donors, employers, and households. Financing intermediaries might include the Ministry of Health, the Ministry of Education, donors, other ministries, social insurance funds, firms, private insurers, and households. Finally, the 'Uses' category may include a combination of types of services (acute hospital care, physicians' services) and types of providers (psychiatric hospitals, nursing homes). (For details, see Berman, P. National Health Accounts in developing countries: appropriate methods and recent applications. Health Economics 1997; 6: 11-30).
6. On 1 January 1995, the zloty was revalued, so that 1 new 1995 zloty (PNZ) equals 10000 old zloty. In this paper all figures are in old zloty.
7. Chellaraj, G., Adeyi, O., Prekker, A.S. and Goldstein, E. Trends in health status, services, and finance: the transition in Central and Eastern Europe, Volume II, World Bank Technical Paper number 348, 1996, The World Bank, Washington D.C.
8. Goldstein, E., Prekker, A.S., Adeyi, O. and Chellaraj, G. Trends in health status, services, and finance: the transition in Central and Eastern Europe, Volume I, World Bank Technical Paper number 341, 1996, The World Bank, Washington D.C.
9. Zajenkowska-Kozlowska, A. Zdrowie w Rodzinie i Wydatki na Ochrone Zdrowia W 1994r, Main Statistics Office, Department of Environment and Social Services, Government of Poland, 1994.
10. Ministry of Health, Poland, 1996, Budget and Expenditure Statement.
11. Ministry of Finance, Poland, 1996, Budget and Expenditure Statement.
12. OECD, Health care reform: the will to change. Health Policy Studies no. 8, 1996.