A synopsis of the biology and life history of ruffe

Journal of Great Lakes Research

Volumn 24, Issue 2, 1998, Pages 170-185

  Ogle, Derek H ^a  

^a NORTHLAND COLLEGE   (United States)

Author keywords

Diet; Parasite; Predation; Reproduction; Review; Ruffe; Taxonomy

Indexed keywords

INTRODUCED FISH; LIFE HISTORY; RUFFE;

GYMNOCEPHALUS CERNUUS;

EID: 0031875916     PISSN: 03801330     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0380-1330(98)70811-1     Document Type: Conference Paper

References (159)

1. Adams, C. E. 1991. Shift in pike, Esox lucius L., Preda tion pressure following in the introduction of ruffe, Gymnocephalus cernuus (L.) to Loch Lomond. J. Fish Biol. 38:663-667.
2. _, and Tippett., R. 1991. Powan, Coregonus lavaretus (L.), ova predation by newly introduced ruffe, Gymnocephalus cernuus (L.), in Loch Lomond, Scotland. Aquac. Fish. Man. 22:239-246.
3. Ahlbert, I.B. 1970. The organization of the cone cells in the retinae of four teleosts with different feeding habits (perca fluviatilis L., Lucioperca lucioperca L., Acerina cernua L. and Coregonus albula L.). Arkiv Zoology 22:445-481.
4. Aleksandrova, A.I. 1974. A morphological and ecological description of ruffe [Acerina cernua (L.)] of the middle reaches of the Dneiper. J. Ichthyol. 14:53-59.
5. Ali, M.A., Ryder, R.A., and Anctil, M. 1977. Photoreceptors and visual pigments as related to behavioural responses and preferred habitats of perches (Perca spp.) and pikeperches (Stizostedion spp.). J. Fish. Res. Board Can. 34:1475-1480.
6. Anttila, R. 1973. Effects of sewage on the fish fauna in the Helsinki area. Oikos (suppl) 15:226-229.
7. Appelberg, M. 1990. Population regulation of the crayfish Astacus astacus L. after liming an oligotrophic, low-alkaline forest lake. Limnologica 20:319-327.
8. Bagge, P., and L. Hakkari. 1982. The food and parasites of fish in some deep basins of northern Lake Paijanne. Hydrobiologia 86:61-65.
9. _, and Hakkari, L. 1985. Fish fauna of stony shores of Lake Saimaa (Southeastern Finland) before and during the floods (1980-82). Aqua Fennica 15: 237-244.
10. Bakanov, A.I., Kiyashko, V.I., Smetanin, M.M., and Strel'nikov, A.S. 1987. Factors affecting fish growth. J. Ichthyol. 27:124-132.
11. Balagurova, M.V. 1963. The biological basis for rational regulation of fishery on Syam group lakes, Karelya. Moscow-Leningrad: Academy of Science Press.
12. Balon, E.K., Momot, W.T., and Regier, H.A. 1977. Reproductive guilds of percids: result of the paleogeographical history and ecological succession. J. Fish. Res. Baord Can. 34:1910-1921.
13. Bast, H., Winkler, H., and Hahn, W. 1983. Remarks on the biology and importance of the porcupine fish (Gymnocephalus cernua) in the chain of shallow waters. Fischerei Forschung 21(4):34-38. [In German]
14. Bastl, I. 1988. On the reproduction biology of three (Gymnocephalus species (Pisces: Percidae). Prace Ustavu Rybar. Hydrobiol. 6:9-31.
15. Berg, L.S. 1949. Freshwater fishes of the U.S.S.R. and adjacent countries, volume III,4th ed. Moscow, U.S.S.R.: Acad. Sci. [translated by Israel Program for Scientific Translations, Jerusalem, 1965]
16. Bergman, E. 1987. Temperature-dependent differences in foraging ability of two percids, Perca fluviatilis and Gymnocephalus cernuus. Env. Biol. Fishes. 19:45-53.
17. _. 1988. Foraging abilities and niche breadths of two percids, Perca fluviatilis and Gymnocephalus cernua, under different environmental conditions. J. Anim. Ecol. 57:443-453.
18. _. 1991. Changes in abundance of two percids, Perca fluvialtilis and Gymnocephalus cernuus, along a productivity gradient: Relations to feeding strategies and competitive abilities. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 48:536-545.
19. _, and Greenberg, L.A. 1994. Competition between a planktivore, a benthivore, and a species with ontogenetic diet shifts. Ecology 75:1233-1245.
20. Berka, R. 1990. Inland capture fisheries of the USSR. FAO Tech. Paper 311.
21. Biro, P. 1977. Effects of exploitation, introductions, and eutrophication on percids in Lake Balation. J. Fish. Res. Board Can. 34:1678-1683.
22. Boikova, O.S. 1986. Feeding of fish in Lake Glubokoe (USSR): Decrease in perch and ruff. Hydrobiologica 141:95-112.
23. Bonar, A. 1977. Relations between exploitation, yield, and community structure in Polish pikeperch (sti- zostedion lucioperca) lakes 1966-1971. J. Fish. Res. Board Can. 34:1586-1591.
24. Bonsdorff, E, and Storberg, K.E. 1990. Ecological changes in a formerly meromictic lake. Limnologica 20:279-284.
25. Boron, S., and Kuklinska, B. 1987. Food of ruffe (Gymnocephalus cernuus L.) and Gudgeon (Gobio gobio) in Wloclawek dam Reservoir, Acta Ichthyologica et piscatoria 17:59-76.
26. Bozhko, S.I., Meszaros, B., and Toth, E. 1978. The Karyological studies on some species of Percidae. Acta Biol. Iugosl. E. Ichthyol. 10:17-28.
27. Butskaya, N.A. 1976. On the large-scale intersexuality of the ruffe Acerina cernua of the Eastern part of the Gulf of Finland. J. Ichthyol. 16: 737-745.
28. _. 1980. The role of temperature and photoperiod in the sexual cycle of the ruffe, Acerina cernua (Percidae). J. Ichthyol. 20: 73-81.
29. _. 1985. Analysis of the productivity of spermato- genesis in different periods of the sexual cycle of ruffe, Gymnocephalus cernuus. J. Ichthyol. 25: 44-51.
30. Bykhovskaya-Pavlovskaya, I.E., Gusev, A.V., Dubinina, M.N., Izyumova, N.A., Smirnova, T.S., Sokorovskaya, I.L., Shetein, G.A., Shul'man, S.S., and Epshtein, V.M. 1964. Key to parasites of freshwater fish of the U.S.S.R. [Translated from Russian by the Israel Program for Scientific Translations].
31. Chiara, G. 1986. First record of Acerina (Gymnocephalus cernua L. (Osteichthyes Perciformes) in Italy. Quaderni Ente Tutela Pesca, Udine 59-60.
32. Coburn, M.M., and Gaglione, J.I. 1992. A comparative study of percid scales (Teleostei: Perciformes). Copeia 1992:986-1001.
33. Collette, B.B. 1963. The subfamilies, tribes, and genera of the Percidae (Teleostei). Copeia 1963:615-623.
34. _, and Banarescu, P. 1977. Systematics and zoogeography of the fishes of the family Percidae. J. Fish. Res. Board Can. 34:1450-1463.
35. _, Ali, M.A., Hokanson, K.E.F., Nagiec, M., Smirnov, S.A., Thorpe, J.E., Weatherley, A.H., and Willemsen, J. 1977. Biology of the percids. J. Fish. Res. Board Can. 34:1890-1899.
36. Cone, D., Eurell, T., and Beasley, V. 1994. A report of Dactylogyrus amphibothrium (Monogenea) on the fill of European ruffe in Western Lake Superior. J. Parasitol. 80:476-478.
37. Craig, J.F. 1987. The biology of perch and related fish. portland, OR: Timber Press
38. de Nie, H.W. 1987. Food, feeding periodicity, and consumption of the eel Anguilla anguilla (L.) in the shallow eutrophic Tjeukemeer (The Netherlands). Arch. Hydrobiol. 109:421-443.
39. Deedler, C.L., and Willemsen, J. 1964. Synopsis of biological data on pikeperch Lucioperca lucioperca (Linnaeus, 1758). FAO Fish. Synop. 28.
40. Denton, E.J., and Grey, J.A.B. 1988. Mechanical factors in the excitation of the lateral lines of fishes. In Sen- sory Biology of Aquatic Animals, eds. J. Atema et al., PP. 595-617. New York: Springer-Verlag.
41. _, and Gray, J.A.B. 1989. Some observations on the forces acting on neuromasts in fish lateral line canals. In The Mechansosensory Lateral Line: Neurobiology and Evolution, eds. S. Coombs et al., pp. 229-246. New York: Springer Verlag.
42. Disler, N.N., and Smirnov, S.A. 1977. Sensory organs of the lateral-line canal system in two percids and their importance in behavior. J. Fish. Res. Board Can. 34:1492-1503.
43. Doornbos, G. 1979. Winter food habits of smew (Mergus albellus L.) on Lake IJssel, the Netherlands: Species and size selection in relation to fish stocks. Ardea 67:42-48.
44. Duncan, A. 1990. A review: limnological management and biomanipulation in the London reservoirs. Hydrobiologia 200/201:541-548.
45. Edsall, T.A., Selgeby, J.H., DeSorcie, T.J., and French, J.R.P. 1993. Growth-temperature relation for youngof-the-year ruffre. J. Great Lakes Res. 19:630-633.
46. Eklov, P., and Hamrin, S.F. 1989. Predatory efficiency and prey selection: interactions between pike Esox lucius. perch Perca fluviatilis and rudd Scardinus erythrophthalmus. Oikos 56:149-156.
47. Elshoud-Odenhave, M.J.W., and Osse, J.W.M. 1976. Functional morphology of the feeding system in the ruffe - Gymnocephalus cernua (1.1758) - (Teleosteil, Percidae). J. Morphology 150:399-422.
48. Entz, B. 1977. Environmental conditions of percid waters in central Europe. J. Fish. Res. Board Can. 34:1586-1591.
49. Fedrova, G.V., and Vetkasov, S.A. 1974. The biological characteristics and abundance of the Luke Humen ruffe, Acerina cernua. J. Ichthyol. 14:836-841.
50. Flock, A. 1967. Ultrastructure and function in the lateral line organs. In Lateral Line Detectors, ed. P. Cahn, PP. 163-197. Indiana University Press.
51. French, J.R.P., and Edsall, T.A. 1992. Morphology of ruffe (Gymnocephalus cernuas) protolarvae from the St. Louis River Lake Superior. J. Freshw. Ecol. 7:59-68.
52. Gray J.A.B., and Best, A.C.G. 1989. Patterns of excitation of the lateral line of the ruffe. J. Mar. Biol. Ass. (U.K.) 69:289-306.
53. Haenen, O.L.M., and Van Banning, P. 1990. Detection of larvae of Anguillicola crassus (an eel swimbladder nematode) in freshwater fish species. Aquac. 87:103-109.
54. Hallet, C. 1977. Contribution to the study of the diet of the kingfisher (alcedo atthis) in the Lesse Valley. Aves 14:128-144.
55. Hansson, S. 1984. Compitition as a factor regulating the geographical distribution of fish species in a Baltic archipelago: a neutral model anaalysis. J. Biogeo. 11:367-381.
56. _. 1985. Effects of eutrophication on fish communities with special reference to the Baltic Sea - a literature review. Inst. Freshw. Res., Drottningholm 62:36-56.
57. _. 1987. Effects of pulp and paper mill effluents on coastal fish communities in the Gulf of Bothnia, Baltic Sea. Ambio 16:344-348.
58. Heinonen, P., and Falck, P. 1971. The effect of waste water on fish. Aqua Fennica 11:105-110
59. Hoglund, J., and Thomas, K. 1992. The black goby Gobius niger as a potential paratenic host for the parasitic nematode Anguillicola crassus in a thermal effluent of the Baltic. Dis. Aquat. Org. 13:175-180.
60. Hokanson, K.E.F. 1977. Temperature requirements of some percids and adaptations to the seasonal temperature cycle. J. Fish. Res. Board Can. 34:1524-1550.
61. Holcik, J., and Hensel, K. 1974. A new species of Gymnocephalus (Pisces: Percidae) from the Danube, with remarks on the genus. Copeia 1974:471-486.
62. _, and Mihalik, J. 1968. Freshwater fishes. London: Spring Books.
63. Holker, F., and Hammer, C. 1994. Growth and food of ruffe Gymnocephalus cernuus (L.) in he Elbe Estuary. Arch. Fish. Mar. Res. 42:47-62.
64. Izyumova, N.A. 1958. Seasonal dynamics of the parasites of fish in the Rybinsk water reservoir. Trudy Biologicheskoj Stancii Borok (Moskva) 3:384-398. [In Russian]
65. Jakubowski 1967. Cutaneous sense organs of fishes. VII. The structure of the system of lateral-line canal organs in the Percidae. Acta Biol. Cracov., Ser. Zool. 10:69-81.
66. Jamet, J.L. 1994. Feeding activity of adult roach (Rutilus rutilus (L.)), perch (Perca fluviatilis L.) and ruffe (Gymnocephalus cernuus (L.)) in eutrophic Lake Aydat (France). Aquat. Sci. 56:376-386.
67. _, and Desmolles, F. 1994. Growth, reproduction, and condition of roach (Rutilus rutilus (L.)), perch (Perca fluviatilis, L.), and ruffe (Gymnocephalus cernuus (L.)) in eutrophic Lake Aydat (France). Int. Rev. der Gesamaten Hydrob. 78:305-322.
68. _, and Lair, N. 1991. An example of diel feeding cycle of two percids, perch (Perca fluviatilis) and ruffe (Gymnocephalus cernuus) in eutrophic Lake Aydat (France). Ann. Sci Naturelles, Zool., Paris 12:99-105.
69. Johnansson, L., and Persson, L. 1986. The fish community of temperate eutrophic lakes. In Carbon Dynamics in Eutrophic, Temperate Lakes, eds. B. Reimann and M. Sondergaard, pp. 237-266. Amsterdam: Elsevier Science Publications,.
70. Johnsen, P. 1965. Studies on the distribution and food of the ruffe (Acerina cernua L.) in Denmark, with notes on other aspects. Meddelelser fra Danmarks Fiskeri - og Havundersogelser. 4:137-156. [translated]
71. Kalas, S. 1995. The ecology of ruffe, Gymnocephalus cernuus (Pisces: Percidae) introduced to Mildevatn, western Norway. Env. Biol. Fish. 42:219-232.
72. Kangur, K., and Kangur, A. 1996. Feeding of ruffe (Gymnocephalus cernuus) in relation to the abundance of benthic organisms in Lake Vortsjarv (Estonia). Ann. Zool. Fennici 33:473-480.
73. Kawecka, B., and Szcesny, B. 1984. Dunajec. In Ecology of European Rivers, ed. B.A. Whitton, pp. 499-525. Oxford: Blackwell Scientific Publications.
74. Kiyashko, V.I., and Volodin, V.M. 1978. The influence on the embryoic development of the ruffe, Acerina cernua, of the active response of the environment. J. Ichthyol. 18:693-695.
75. Klinkhardt, M.B. 1990. Karyological studies in several species of freshwater fishes from brachish coastal waters of south western Baltic. I. The ruffe (Gymnocephalus cernua (L.)). Zool. Anz. 224:156-164.
76. Kolomin, Y.M. 1977. The Nadym River ruffe. Acerina cernua. J. Ichthyol. 17:345-349.
77. Koshelev, B.V. 1963. Morpho-ecological peculiarities of oogenesis in related species of percoid fishes. Tr. Inst. Morfol. Zhivotn. Acad. Nauk Severtsova. 38:189-231.
78. Kovac, V. 1994. Early ontogeny of three Gymnocephalus species (Pisces: Percidae): reflections on the evolution of the genus. Env. Biol. Fish. 40:241-253.
79. Kovalev, P.J. 1973. Natural reproductive conditions of the pike-perch (Lucioperca lucioperca L.), perch (Perca fluviatilis), and ruffe (Acerina cernua L.) of Lake Ilmen. J. Ichthyol. 13:943-946.
80. Kozlova, M.F., and Panasenko, V.A. 1977. Annual food consumption of bream (Abramis brama) and ruffe (Acerina cernua) population in the Courland Lagoon (Kurshskiy Zaliv). J. Ichthyol. 17:382-388.
81. Kranz, H., and Peters, N. 1984. Melano-macrophage centres in liver and spleen of ruffe (Gymnocephalus cernua) form the Elbe estuary. Helgolander Meeresunters 7:415-424.
82. Kuiper, J.W. 1967. Frequency characteristics and functional significance of the leteral line organ. In Lateral Line Detectors, ed. P. Cahn, pp. 105-121. Indiana University Press.
83. Lammens, E.H.R.R., van Densen, W.L.T., and Knijn, R. 1990. The fish community structure in Tjeukemeer in relation to fishery and habitat utilization. J. Fish. Biol. 36:933-945.
84. Leach, J.H., Johnson, M.G., Kelso, J.R.M., Hartmann, J., Numann, W., and Entz, B. 1977. Responses of percid fishes and their habitats to eutrophication. J. Fish. Res. Board Can. 34:1964-1971.
85. Lelek, A. 1987. The freswater fishes of Europe: Threatened fishes of Europe, vol. 9. Wiesbaden: AULA-Verlag.
86. Leopold, M., Bninska, M., and Nowak, W. 1986. Commercial fish cathes as an index of lake eutrophication. Archiv fur Hydrobiol. 106:513-524.
87. Leszczynski, L. 1963. Characteristics of the feeding habits of ruffe - Acerina cernua (L.) in Kortowskei Lake. Roczniki Nauk Rolniczych 82B2:251-271 [In Polish with English and Russian summaries.]
88. Lind, E.A. 1977. A review of pikeperch (Stizostedion lucioperca), Eurasian perch (Perca fluviatilis), and ruff (Gymnocephalus cernua) in Finland. J. Fish. Res. Board Can. 34:1684-1695.
89. Lindesjoo, E., and Thulin, J. 1990. Fin erosion of perch Perca fluviatilis and ruffe Gymnocephalus cernua in a pulp mill effluent area. Dis. Aquat. Org. 8:119-126.
90. Logvinenko, B.M., Kodolova, O.P., and Polyanskaya, I.B. 1983. Polymorphism of nonspecific esterases of ruffe. Gymnocephalus cernua (Percidae). J. Ichthyol. 23:165-168.
91. Maitland, P.S. 1977. The Hamlyn Guide to Freshwater Fishes of Britain and Europe. London: Hamlyn Publ. Group Ltd.
92. _, East, K., and Morris, K.H. 1983. Ruffe Gymnocephalus cernua, new to Scotland, in Loch Lomond Scottish Naturalist 1983:7-9.
93. Marshall, T.R. 1977. Morphological, physiological, and ethological differences between walleye (Stizostedion vitreum vitreum) and pikeperch (S. lucioperca). J. Fish. Res. Board Can. 34:1515-1523.
94. Mattila, J., and Bonsdorff, E. 1989. The impact of fish predation on shallow soft bottoms in brackish waters (SW Finland): An experiments study. Neth. J. Sea Res. 23:69-81.
95. Mathovskiy, A.K. 1987. On the method of anlaysis of data on feeding of predatory fishes: Regression analysis between fragments of prey organisms and their body length (for the fishes of the Middle Ob'). J. Ichthyol. 27:113-117.
96. Mayr, B., Kalat, M., and Lambrou, M. 1987. Band karyotypes and specific type of heterochromatins in several species of European percid fishes. Genetica 75:199-205.
97. Mikkola, H., Oksman, H., and Shemeikka, P. 1979. Experimental study of mortality in vendace and whitefish eggs through predation by bottom fauna and fish. Aqua Fennica 9:68-72
98. Mills, C.A., and Eloranta, A. 1985. The biology of Phoxinus phoxinus and other littoral zone fishes in Lake Konnevesi, central Finland. Ann. Zool. Fennici 22-1-12.
99. Negiec, M. 1977. Pikeperch (Stizostedion lucioperca) in its natural habitats in Poland. J. Fish. Res. Board Can. 34:1581-1585.
100. Nagy, S. 1986. The food preference of ruffe species (Gymnocephalus cernuus, Gymnocephalus schraetser, and Gymnocephalus baloni) in the Baciansky Branch System of the Danube. Zivocisna Vyroba 31:937-943.
101. _. 1988. Summer diet of dominat fish species in the Zofin Branch of the Danube. Prace Ustavu Rybarstva a Hydrobiologie 6:59-79.
102. Nedelkova, I., and Zaveta, J. 1991. Morphological variability of ruffe, Accerina cernua, in the Orlik and Slapy Valley water reservoirs. Acta Soc. Zool. Bohemoslov. 55:29-44
103. Neja, Z. 1988. On some problems of reproduction of ruffe, Gymnocephalus cernuus (L., 1758) in the Lake Dabie. Acta Ichtyol. Pisc. 18:33-50.
104. _. 1989. The growth rate of ruffe, Gymnocephalus cernuus (L., 1758) in the Szczecin Lagoon, the Odra mouth on Lake Dabie. Acta Ichthyol. Pisc. 19:3-19.
105. Neuman, E., and Karas, P. 1988. Effects of pulp mill effluent on a Baltic coastal fish community. Water Sci. Tech. 20(2):95-106.
106. Nilsson, N. 1979. Food and habitat of the fish community of the offshore region of Lake Venern, Sweden. Inst. Freswater Res., Drottningholm 58:126-139.
107. _. 1985. The niche concept and the introduction of exotics. Inst. Freswater Res., Drottningholm 62:128-135.
108. Nygren, A., Edlund, P., Hirsch, U., and Ahsgren, L. 1968. Cytological studies in perch (Perca fluviatilis L.), pike (Esox lucius L.), pike-perch (Lucioperca lucioperca L.), and ruffe (Acerina cernua L.). Hereditas 59:518-525.
109. Nyman, O.L. 1969. Polymorphic serum esterases in two species of freswater fishes. J. Fish. Res. Board Can. 26:2532-2534.
110. Ogle, D.H. 1992. Trophic relations of ruffe (Gymno- cephalus cernuus (L.)) in the St. Louis River Harbor, Lake Superior, M.S. theisis, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN.
111. _. 1995. Ruffe (Gymnocephalus cernuus): A review of published literature. Administrative Report 38. Wiscosin Department of Natural Resources, Medison, WI.
112. _, Selgeby, J.H., Newman, R.M., and Henry, M.G. 1995. Diet and freeding periodicity of ruffe in the St. Louis River Estuary, Lake Superior. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 124:356-369.
113. _, Selgeby, J.H., Savino, J.F., Newman, R.M., and Henry, M.G. 1996. Predation on ruffe by native fishes of the St. Louis River Estuary, Lake Superior, 1989-1991. N. Am. J. Fish. Man. 16:115-123.
114. Page, L.M. 1985. Evolution and reproductive behaviors in percid fishes. Ill. Nat. Hist. Surv. Bull. 3:275-295.
115. Pavlovskiy, S.L., and Sterligova, O.P. 1996. Predation of ruffe, Gymnocephalus cernuus, and benthic invertebrate on the eggs of Lake Syam whitefish, Coregonus lavaretus palassi. J. Ichthyol. 26:80-86.
116. Peirson, G., Cryer, M., Winfield, I.J., and Townsend, C.R. 1986. The impact of reduced nutrient loadind on the fish community of a small isolated lake, Alderfen Broad. Proc. 4th British Freshw. Fish. Conf. 4:167-175.
117. Persson, L., Diehl, S., Johansson, L., Anderson, L., Anderson, G., and Hamrin, S.F. 1991. Shift in fish communities along the productivity gradient of temperate lakes - patterns and the importance of size-structured interaction. J. Fish Biol. 38:281-293.
118. Pervozvanskiy, V.Y., and Bugayev, V.F. 1992. Notes on the ecology of the northern pike, Esox lucius, from the Keret' River (White Sea Basin). J. Ichthyol. 32:116-126
119. Peters, H., Kohler, A., and Kranz, H. 1987. Liver pathology in fishes the lower Elbe as a consequence of pollution. Dis. Aquat. Org. 2:87-97.
120. Pihu, E.R. 1982. Reorganization of the fishing industry and ichthyocoenosis succession in Lake Vyrts'yarv (Estonian SSR). J. Ichthyol. 22:39-44.
121. _, and Maemets, A. 1982. The management of fisheries in Lake Vortsjarv. Hydrobiologia 86:207-210.
122. Pokrovskii, V.V. 1961. Basic environmental factors determining the abundance of whitefish. Trudy Soveshchanii 13:228-234. [In Russian]
123. Polivannaya, M.F. 1974. Feeding of perch and ruff in the zone of effluent from the Kurakhovka power plant. Hydrobiol. J. 10:70-71.
124. Popova, O.A., and Sytina, L.A. 1977. Food and feeding relations of Eurasian perch (Perca fluviatilis) and pikeperch (Stizostedion lucioperca) in various waters of the USSR. J. Fish. Res. Board Can. 34:1559-1570.
125. Pratt, D.M., Blust, W.H., and Selgeby, J.H. 1992. Ruffe, Gymnocephalus cernuus: Newly introduced in north America. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 49:1616-1618.
126. Rab, P., Roth P., and Mayr, B. 1987. Karyotype study of eight species of European percid fishes (Pisces, Percidae). Caryologica 40:307-318.
127. Rosch, R., and Schmid, W. 1996. Ruffe (Gymnocephalus cernuus L.), newly introducing into Lake Constance: preliminary date on population biology and possible effects on whitefish (Coregonus lavaretus L.). Ann. Zoll. Fennici 33:467-471.
128. _, Kangur, A., Kangur, K., Kramer, A., Rab, P., Schlechta, V., Tapaninen, M., Treasurer, J. 1966. Minutes of the Percis II working group: Ruffe (Gym- nocephalus cernuus). Ann. Zool. Fennici 33:305-308.
129. Rundberg, H. 1977. Trends in harvests of pikeperch (Stizostedion lucioperca). Eurasian perch (Perca fluviatilis), and northern pike (Esox lucius) and associated environmental changes in Lakes Malaren and Hjalmaren 1914-1974. J. Fish. Res. Board Can. 34:1720-1724.
130. Saat, T., and Veersalu, A. 1996. The rate of early development in perch Perca fluviatilis L. and ruffe Gymnocephalus cernuus (L.) at different temperatures. Ann. Zool. Fennici 33:693-698.
131. Sandlund, O.T., Naesje, T.F., Klyke, L., and Lindern, T. 1985. The vertical distribution of fish species in Lake Jmosa, Norway as shown by gillnet catches and echo sounder. Inst. Freshw. Res., Drottningholm 62:136-149.
132. Sanjose, B.S. 1984. Further contribution to the growth of the ruffe, Acerina cernua (Pisces:Perciformes). Vestn. cs. Spolec. Zool. 48:215-222.
133. Sierszen, M.E., Keough, J.R., and Hagley, C.A. 1996. Torphic anaysis of ruffe (Gymnocephalus cernuus) and white perch (Morone americana) in a Lake Superior rior coastal food web, using stable isotope techniques. J. Great Lakes Res. 22:436-443.
134. Simon, T.P., and Vondruska, J.T. 1991. Larval identification of the ruffe, Gymnocephalus cernuus (Lin- naeus) in the St. Louis River Estuary, Lake Superior drainage basin, Minnesota with comments on disper- sal and early life history. Can J. Zool. 69:436-442.
135. Sokolov, L.E., and Vasil'ev, V.P. 1989. Acipenser ruthens Linnaeus, 1758. In The freshwater fishes of Europe, Vol. 1(part 2), in ed. J. Holcik, pp. 227-262. Wiesbaden: AULA-Verlag.
136. Sroczynski, S. 1981. Optical system of the eye of the ruff (Acerina cernua L.). Zool. Jb. Physiol. 85:316-342.
137. Sterligova, O.P., and Pavlovsky, S.A. 1984. Consumption of whitefish, Coregonus lavaretus, eggs by ruffe, Gymnocephalus cernua, and invertebrates. J. Ichthyol. 25:166-169.
138. Swennen, C., Heessen, H.J.L., and Hocker, A.W.M. 1979. Occurrence and biology of the trematodes Cotylurus (Ichthyocotylurus) erraticuc, C. (I.) variegatus and C. (I.) platycephalus (Digenea: Strigeidae) in the Netherlands. Neth. J. Sea Res. 13:61-191.
139. Szabo, A., Nemcsok, J., Kasa, P., and Budai, D. 1991. Comparative study of acetylcholine synthesis in organs of freshwater teleosts. Fish Phys. Biochem. 9:93-99.
140. Thomas, K., and Ollevier, F. 1992. Paratenic hosts of the swimbladder nematode Anguillicola crassus. Dis. Aquat. Org. 13:165-174
141. Thorpe, J.E. 1977. Morophology, physiology, behavior, and ecology of Perca fluviatilis L. and P. flavescens Mitchill. J. fish. Res. Board Can. 34:1504-1514.
142. Thulin, J., Hoglund, J., and Lindesjoo, E. 1988. Diseases and parasites of fish in a bleached kraft mill effluent. Water Sci. Tech. 20:179-180.
143. Valtonen, E.T., Prost, M., and Rahkonen, R. 1990. Seasonality of two gill monogeneans from two freshwater fish from an oligotrophic lake in Northeast Finland. Int. J. Parasit. 20:101-107.
144. Van Densen, W.L.T. 1985. Feeding behaviour of major 0+ fish species in a shallow, eutrophic lake (Tjeuke- meer, the Netherlands). Z. Angnew. Ichthyol. 2:49-70.
145. _, and Hadderingh, R.H. 1982. Effects of entrepment and cooling water discharge by the Bergum Power Station on0+ fish in the Bergumemeer. Hydrobiologia 95:351-368.
146. Van Dobben, W.H. 1952. The Food of the cormorant in the Netherlands. Ardea 40:1-63.
147. Van Netten, S.M. 1991. Hydrodynamics of the excitation of the cupula in the fish canal lateral line. J. Acoust. Soc. Amer. 89:310-319
148. Vollestad, L.A. 1986. Habitat use, growth, and feeding of pike (Esox Lucius L.) in four Norwegian lakes. Arch. Hydrobiol. 108:107-117.
149. Webb, P.W., and Skadsen, J.M. 1980. Strike tectise of Esox. Can. J. Zool. 58:1462-1469.
150. Weissenberg, R. 1965. Fifty years of research on the lymphocystis virus disease of fishes (1914-1964). Ann, New York Acad. Sci. 126:362-374.
151. Westin, L., and Aneer, G. 1987. Locomotor activity pat- tern of nineteen fish and five crustacean species from the Baltic Sea. Env. Bio. Fish. 20:49-65.
152. Wiley, E.O. 1992. Phylogenetic relationship of the Percidae (Teleostei:Perciformes): A preliminary hypothe- sis. In Systematics, historical ecology, and North American freshwater fishes, ed. R.L. Mayden, pp. 247-267. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
153. Willemsen, J. 1977. Population dynamics of percids in Lake IJssel and some smaller lakes in the Netherlands. J. Fish. Res. Board Can. 34: 1710-1719.
154. Winfield, I.J. 1992. Threats to the lake fish communities of the U.K. arising from eutrophication and species introductions. Neth. J. Zool. 42:233-242.
155. _, Adams, C.E., and Fletcher, J.M. 1996. Recent introduction of the ruffe ?(Gymnocephalus cernuus) to three United Kingdom lakes containg Coregonus species. Ann. Zool. Fennici 33:459-466.
156. Witkowski, A., and Kolacz, M. 1990. Geographic and ecological variability of Gymnocephalus cernuus from Poland, Fragmenta Faunistica (Warsaw) 33:149-178. [Polish, with English and Russian summaries]
157. Wubbels, R.J. 1991. Phase reversal in the lateral line of the ruffe (Acerina cernua) as cure for directional sensitivity. Comp. Biochem. Phys. A 100:571-573.
158. Zadorozhnaya, Y.A. 1978. The seasonal and diurnal dynamics of the feeding of the white bream, Blicca bjoerkna, from Mozhaysk Reservoir. J. Ichthyol. 18:765-775.
159. Zyznar, E.S., and Ali, M.A. 1975. An interpretive study of the organization of the visual cells and tepetum lucidum of Stizostedion. Can. J. Zool. 53:180-196.