Tissue-air ratios for narrow 60Co gamma-ray beams

Medical Physics

Volumn 25, Issue 8, 1998, Pages 1458-1463

  Nizin, Paul S ^a   Mooij, Rob B ^b  

^a HOUSTON METHODIST HOSPITAL   (United States)

^b New York Presbyterian Hospital Columbia University Medical Center   (United States)

Author keywords

60Co gamma rays; Electronic equilibrium; Narrow beams; Tissue air ratio

Indexed keywords

TAR; TISSUE;

AIR RATIO; BROAD BEAMS; ELECTRONIC EQUILIBRIUM; NARROW BEAMS;

GAMMA RAYS;

COBALT 60;

AIR; ARTICLE; CALCULATION; GAMMA RADIATION; MATHEMATICAL ANALYSIS; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SYSTEM ANALYSIS; TISSUE;

EID: 0031870558     PISSN: 00942405     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1118/1.598319     Document Type: Article

References (19)

1. ICRU Report No 23, "Measurement of Absorbed Dose in a Phantom Irradiated by a Single Beam of X or Gamma Rays" (ICRU, Washington, DC, 1973).
2. M. K. Woo, J. R Cunningham, and J. J. Jezioranski, "Extending the concept of primary and scatter separation to the condition of electronic disequilibrium," Med. Phys. 17, 588-595 (1990).
3. J. E. Burns, "Definition of tissue-air ratio," Br. J. Radiol. Suppl. 25, 177-182 (1996).
4. A. L. McKenzie, "Cobalt-60 gamma-ray beams," Br. J. Radiol. Suppl. 25, 46-61 (1996).
5. M. J. Day and W. G. Pitchford, "The normalized peak scatter factor and normalized scatter functions for high energy photon beams," Br. J. Radiodl. Suppl. 25, 168-176 (1996).
6. P. S. Nizin and X. S. Chang, "Primary dose in photon beams with lateral electron disequilibrium," Med. Phys. 18, 744-748 (1991).
7. P. S. Nizin, "Electronic equilibrium and primary dose in collimated photon beams," Med Phys. 20, 1721-1729 (1993).
8. B E. Bjärngard, J. S. Tsai, and R. K. Rice, "Attenuation in very narrow photon beams," Radiat. Res. 188, 195-200 (1989).
9. B. E. Bjärngard and P. L Petti, "Description of the scatter component in photon-beam data," Phys. Med. Biol. 33, 21-32 (1988).
10. B. E. Bjärngard, H Rashid, and C. H. Obcemea, "Separation of primary and scatter components of measured photon beam data," Phys. Med. Biol. 34, 1939-1945 (1989).
11. P. S. Nizin, "Geometrical aspects of scatter-to-primary ratio and primary dose," Med. Phys 18, 153-160 (1991).
12. 60Co and other high-energy photon beams in water," Med. Phys. 20, 1353-1360 (1993).
13. B. E Bjärngard and P. Vadash, "Analysis of central-axis doses for high-energy x-rays," Med. Phys. 22, 1191-1195 (1995).
14. P. S. Nizin, D. M. Bellezza, and R. B. Mooij, "The elements of tissue-air ratio and systematic error," Med. Phys. 23, 1191-1197 (1996).
15. P. S. Nizin and R. B. Mooij, "An approximation of central-axis absorbed dose in narrow photon beams," Med. Phys. 24, 1775-1780 (1997).
16. B. E. Bjärngard and R. L. Siddon, "A note on equivalent circles, squares, and rectangles," Med. Phys. 9, 258-260 (1982).
17. T. J. Godden, "Gamma radiation from cobalt 60 teletherapy units," Br. J. Radiol. Suppl. 17, 45-59 (1983).
18. W. R. Nelson, A. Hirayama, and D. W. O. Rogers, "The EGS4 System," Stanford Linear Accelerator Report No. 265, Stanford, CA, 1985.
19. A. Bielajew and D. W. O. Rogers, "PRESTA: The parameter reduced electron-step transport algorithm for electron Monte Carlo transport," Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. B 18, 165-181 (1987).