S- and G2-phase cell cycle arrests and apoptosis induced by ganciclovir in murine melanoma cells transduced with herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase

Experimental Cell Research

Volumn 241, Issue 1, 1998, Pages 66-75

  Wei, Sung Jen ^a,b   Chao, Yee ^d   Hung, Yi Mei ^c   Lin, Wen Chang ^b   Yang, Den Mei ^c   Shih, Yung Luen ^c   Ch'ang, Lan Yang ^b   Whang Peng, Jacqueline ^b,c   Yang, Wen K ^b,c  

^a NATIONAL DEFENSE MEDICAL CENTER   (Taiwan)

^b INSTITUTE OF BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES   (Taiwan)

^c TAIPEI VETERANS GENERAL HOSPITAL   (Taiwan)

^d NATIONAL YANG MING UNIVERSITY   (Taiwan)

Author keywords

Apoptosis; Bystander effect; Cell cycle; GCV; HSVtk; Melanoma cells

Indexed keywords

GANCICLOVIR; THYMIDINE KINASE;

ANIMAL CELL; APOPTOSIS; ARTICLE; CATALYSIS; CELL CYCLE G2 PHASE; CELL CYCLE S PHASE; CELL KILLING; CYTOTOXICITY; DNA CONTENT; ENZYME PHOSPHORYLATION; GENE THERAPY; GENETIC TRANSDUCTION; HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS; MELANOMA CELL; MOUSE; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; VIRUS INDUCTION;

ANIMALIA; HERPES; HUMAN HERPESVIRUS 1; MURINAE; SIMPLEXVIRUS;

EID: 0031867647     PISSN: 00144827     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1006/excr.1998.4005     Document Type: Article

References (42)

1. Deonarain, M. P., Spooner, R. A., and Epenetos, A. A. (1995). Genetic delivery of enzymes for cancer therapy. Gene Ther. 2, 235-244.
2. Miller, W. H., and Miller, R. L. (1980). Phosphorylation of acyclovir (acycloguanosine) monophosphate by GMP kinase. J. Biol. Chem. 255, 7204-7207.
3. Mar, E., Chiou, J., Cheng, Y., and Huang, E. (1985). Inhibition of cellular DNA polymerase alpha and human cytomegalovirus-induced DNA polymerase by the triphosphates of 9-(2-hydroxy-ethoxymethyl) guanine and 9-(1,3-dihydroxy-2-propoxymethyl) guanine. J. Virol. 53, 776-780.
4. Moolten, F. L. (1986). Tumor chemosensitivity conferred by inserted herpes thymidine kinase gene: Paradigm for a prospective cancer control strategy. Cancer Res. 46, 5276-5281.
5. Moolten, F. L., Wells, J. M., Heyman, R. A., and Evans, R. M. (1990). Lymphoma regression induced by ganciclovir in mice bearing a herpes thymidine kinase transgene. Human Gene Ther. 1, 125-134.
6. Huber, B. E., Richard, C. A., and Krenitsky, T. A. (1991). Retroviral-mediated gene therapy for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma: An innovative approach for cancer therapy. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 88, 8039-8043.
7. Ido, A., Nakata, K., Kato, Y., Nakao, K., Murata, K., Fujita, M., Ishii, N., Tamaoki, T., Shiku, H., and Nagataki, S. (1995). Gene therapy for hepatoma cells using a retrovirus vector carrying herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase gene under the control of human α-fetoprotein gene promoter. Cancer Res. 55, 3105-3109.
8. Wills, K. N., Huang, W. M., Harris, M. P., Machemer, T., Maneval, D. C., and Gregory, R. J. (1995). Gene therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma: Chemosensitivity confered by adenovirus-mediated transfer of the HSV-1 thymidine kinase gene. Cancer Gene Ther. 3, 191-197.
9. Culver, K. W., Ram, Z., Wallbridge, S., Ishii, H., Oldfield, E. H., and Blaese, R. M. (1992). In vivo gene transfer with retroviral vector-producer cells for treatment of experimental brain tumors. Science 256, 1550-1552.
10. Takamiya, Y., Short, M. P., Ezzeddine, Z. D., Moolten, F. L., Breakefield, X. O., and Martuza, R. L. (1992). Gene therapy of maligant brain tumors: A rat glioma line bearing the herpes simplex virus type 1-thymidine kinase gene and wild type retrovirus kills other tumor cells. J. Neurosci. Res. 33, 493-503.
11. Barba, D., Hardin, J., Sadelain, M., and Gage, F. H. (1994). Development of anti-tumor immunity following thymidine kinase-mediated killing of experimental brain tumors. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 91, 4348-4352.
12. Rainov, N. G., Kramm, C. M., Guterman, K. A., Chase, M., Ueki, K., Louis, D. N., Harsh, G. R. I. V., Chiocca, E. A., and Breakefield, X. O. (1996). Retrovirus-mediated gene therapy of experimental brain neoplasms using the herpes simplex virus-thymidine kinase/ganciclovir paradigm. Cancer Gene Ther. 3, 99-106.
13. Freeman, S. M., McCune, C., Robinson, W., Abboud, C. N., Abraham, G. N., Angel, C., and Marrogi, A. (1995). The treatment of ovarian cancer with a gene modified cancer vaccine: A phase I study. Human Gene Ther. 6, 927-939.
14. Manome, Y., Abe, M., Hagen, M. F., Fine, H. A., and Kufe, D. W. (1994). Enhancer sequences of the DF3 gene regulate expression of the herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase gene and confer sensitivity of human breast cancer cells to ganciclovir. Cancer Res. 54, 5408-5413.
15. Plautz, G., Nabel, E. G., and Nabel, G. J. (1991). Selective elimination of recombinant genes in vivo with a suicide retroviral vector. New Biol. 3, 709-715.
16. Vile, R. G., and Hart, I. R. (1993). Use of tissue-specific expression of herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase gene to inhibit growth of established murine melanoma following direct intratumoral injection of DNA. Cancer Res. 53, 3860-3864.
17. Vile, R. G., Nelson, J. A., Castleden, S., Chong, H., and Hart, I. R. (1994). Systemic gene therapy of murine melanoma using tissue specific expression of the HSVtk gene involves an immune component. Cancer Res. 54, 6228-6234.
18. Borrelli, E., Heyman, R., His, M., and Evans, R. M. (1988). Targeting of an inducible toxic phenotype in animal cells. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 85, 7572-7576.
19. Kolberg, R. (1992). Gene therapists test puzzling "bystander effect". [New] NIH Res. 4, 68-74.
20. Freeman, S. M., Abboud, C. N., Whartenby, K. A., Packman, C. H., Koeplin, D. S., Moolten, F. L., and Abraham, G. N. (1993). The "bystander effect": Tumor regression when a fraction of the tumor mass is genetically modified. Cancer Res. 53, 5274-5283.
21. Colombo, B. M., Benedetti, S., Ottolenghi, S., Mora, M., Pollo, B., Poli, G., and Finocchiaro, G. (1995). The "bystander effect": Association of U-87 cell death with ganciclovir-mediated apoptosis of nearby cells and lack of effect in athymic mice. Human Gene Ther. 6, 763-772.
22. Samejima, Y., and Meruelo, D. (1995). "Bystander killing" induces apoptosis and is inhibited by forskolin. Gene Ther. 2, 50-58.
23. Kaneko, Y., and Tsukamoto, A. (1995). Gene therapy of hepatoma: Bystander effects and non-apoptotic cell death induced by thymidine kinase and ganciclovir. Cancer Lett. 96, 105-110.
24. Fadok, V. A., Voelker, D. R., Campbell, P. A., Cohen, J. J., Bratton, D. L., and Henson, P. M. (1992). Exposure of phosphatidylserine on the surface of apoptotic lymphocytes triggers specific recognition and removal by macrophages. J. Immunol. 148, 2207-2216.
25. Miller, A. D., and Buttimore, C. (1986). Redesign of retrovirus packaging cell lines to avoid recombination leading to helper virus production. Mol. Cell Biol. 6, 2895-2902.
26. Mann, R., Mulligan, R. C., and Baltimore, D. (1983). Construction of a retrovirus packaging mutant and its use to produce helper-free defective retrovirus. Cell 33, 153-159.
27. Boone, L. R., Myer, F. E., Yang, D. M., Kiggans, J. O., Koh, C. K., Tennant, R. W., and Yang, W. K. (1983). Analysis of recombinant DNA clones of the endogenous Balb/c murine leukaemia virus WN1802N: Variation in long terminal repeat length. J. Virol. 45, 484-488.
28. Mcknight, S. L. (1980). The nucleotide sequence and transcript map of the herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase gene. Nucleic Acids Res. 8, 5949-5964.
29. Miller, A. D., and Rosman, G. J. (1989). Improved retroviral vectors for gene transfer and expression. BioTechniques 7, 980-990.
30. Green, L. M., Reade, J. L., and Ware, C. F. (1984). Rapid colormetric assay for cell viability: Application to the quantitation of cytotoxic and growth inhibitory lymphokines. J. Immunol. Meth. 70, 257-268.
31. Birch, D. E. (1996). Simplified hot start PCR. Nature 381, 445-446.
32. Gong, J.-P., Traganos, F., and Darzynkiewicz, Z. (1993). Simultaneous analysis of cell cycle kinetics at two different DNA ploidy levels based on DNA content and cyclin B measurements. Cancer Res. 53, 5096-5099.
33. Vermes, I., Haanen, C., Steffens-Nakken, H., and Reutelingsperger, C. (1995). A novel assay for apoptosis: Flow cytometric detection of phosphatidylserine expression on early apoptotic cells using fluorescein labelled annexin V. J. Immunol. Methods 184, 39-51.
34. Herrmann, M., Lorenz, H. M., Voll, R., Grunke, M., Woith, W., and Kalden, J. R. (1994). A rapid and simple method for the isolation of apoptotic DNA fragments. Nucleic Acids Res. 22, 5506-5507.
35. Gorczyca, W., Gong, J.-P., and Darzynkiewicz, Z. (1993). Detection of DNA strand breaks in individual apoptotic cells by the in situ terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase and nick translation assays. Cancer Res. 53, 1945-1951.
36. Hamel, W., Magnelli, L., Chiarugi, V. P., and Israel, M. A. (1996). Herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase/ganciclovir-mediated apoptotic death of bystander cells. Cancer Res. 56, 2697-2702.
37. Oberhammer, F., Wilson, J. W., Dive, C., Morris, I. D., Hickman, J. A., Wakeling, A. E., Walker, P. R, and Sikorska, M. (1993). Apototic death in epithelial cells: Cleavage of DNA to 300 and/or 50 kb fragments prior to or in the abscence of internucleosomal fragmentation. EMBO J. 12, 3679-3688.
38. Fick, J., Barker, F. G. II., Dazin, P., Westphale, E. M., Beyer, E. C., and Israel, M. A. (1995). The extent of heterocellular communication mediated by gap junctions is predictive of bystander tumor cytotoxicity in vitro. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 92, 11071-11075.
39. Selby, C. P., and Sancar, A. (1993). Molecular mechanism of transcription-repair coupling. Science 260, 53-58.
40. Sancar, A. (1994). Mechanisms of DNA excision repair. Science 266, 1954-1956.
41. Kazantsev, A., and Sancar, A. (1995). Does the p53 up-regulated Gadd45 protein have a role in excision repair? Science 270, 1003-1006.
42. Enoch, T., and Norbury, C. (1995). Cellular responses to DNA damage: Cell-cycle checkpoints, apoptosis and the roles of p53 and ATM. Trends Biochem. Sci. 20, 426-431.