Hyperhomocysteinemia and atherosclerotic vascular disease: Pathophysiology, screening, and treatment

Archives of Internal Medicine

Volumn 158, Issue 12, 1998, Pages 1301-1306

  Stein, James H ^a   McBride, Patrick E ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN SCHOOL OF MEDICINE AND PUBLIC HEALTH   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CARBAMAZEPINE; COLESTIPOL; CYANOCOBALAMIN; CYSTATHIONINE; FOLIC ACID; HOMOCYSTEINE; METHOTREXATE; MULTIVITAMIN; NICOTINIC ACID; NITROUS OXIDE; PHENYTOIN; PYRIDOXINE; THIAZIDE DIURETIC AGENT;

ATHEROSCLEROSIS; DOSE RESPONSE; EVIDENCE BASED MEDICINE; FEMALE; HUMAN; HUMAN TISSUE; HYPERHOMOCYSTEINEMIA; MALE; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; RISK FACTOR; SCREENING TEST; SECONDARY PREVENTION; TOBACCO;

ARTERIOSCLEROSIS; HOMOCYSTEINE; HUMANS; MASS SCREENING; RISK FACTORS;

EID: 0031862071     PISSN: 00039926     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1001/archinte.158.12.1301     Document Type: Review

References (47)

1. Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study Group. Randomised trial of cholesterol lowering in 4444 patients with coronary heart disease: the Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study (4S). Lancet. 1994;344:1383-1389.
2. Sacks FM, Pfeffer MA, Move LA, et al, for the Cholesterol and Recurrent Events Trial Investigators. The effect of pravastatin on coronary events after myocardial infarction in patients with average cholesterol levels. N Engl J Med. 1996;335: 1001-1009.
3. Shepherd J, Cobbe SM, Ford I, et al, for the West of Scotland Coronary Prevention Study Group. Prevention of coronary heart disease with pravastatin in men with hypercholesterolemia. N Engl J Med. 1995;333:1301-1307.
4. Superko HR. Beyond LDL cholesterol reduction. Circulation. 1996;94:2351-2354.
5. Clarke R, Daly L, Robinson K, et al. Hyperhomocysteinemia: an independent risk factor for vascular disease. N Engl J Med. 1991;324: 1149-1155.
6. Mayer EL, Jacobsen DW, Robinson K. Homocysteine and coronary atherosclerosis. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1996;27:517-527.
7. 12, and folate. Am J Epidemiol. 1996;143:845-859.
8. Rees MM, Rodgers GM. Homocysteinemia: association of a metabolic disorder with vascular disease and thrombosis. Thromb Res. 1993;71: 337-359.
9. Robinson K, Mayer E, Jacobsen DW. Homocysteine and coronary artery disease. Cleve Clin J Med. 1994:61:438-450.
10. Gallagher PM, Meleady R, Shields DC, et al. Homocysteine and risk of premature coronary heart disease: evidence for a common gene mutation. Circulation. 1996:94:2154-2158.
11. Kang S-S, Wong PWK, Malinow MR. Hyperhomocyst(e)inemia as a risk factor for occlusive vascular disease. Annu Rev Nutr. 1992;12:279-298.
12. Kang SS, Wong PWK, Susmano A, et al. Thermolabile methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase: an inherited risk factor for coronary artery disease. Am J Hum Genet. 1991;48:546-551.
13. Goyette P, Sumner JS, Milos R, et al. Human methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase: isolation of cDNA, mapping and mutation identification. Nat Genet. 1994;7:195.
14. Ma J, Stampfer MJ, Hennekens CH, et al. Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase polymorphism, plasma folate, homocysteine. and risk of myocardial infarction in US physicians. Circulation. 1996:94:2410-2416.
15. van Bockxmeer FM, Mamotte DS, Vasikaran CSD, Taylor RR. Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene and coronary artery disease. Circulation. 1997:95:21-23.
16. Deloughery TG, Evans A, Sadeghi A, et al. Common mutation in methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase: correlation with homocysteine metabolism and late-onset vascular disease. Circulation. 1996:94:3074-3078.
17. Robinson K, Mayer EL, Miller DP, et al. Hyperhomocysteinemia and low pyridoxal phosphate: common and independent reversible risk factors for coronary artery disease. Circulation. 1995;92: 2825-2830.
18. 12 deficiency than in heterozygosity for homocystinuria due to cystathionine β-synthase deficiency. Metabolism. 1988;37:175-178.
19. Selhub J, Jacques PF, Wilson PWF, Rush D, Rosenberg IH. Vitamin status and intake as primary determinants of homocysteinemia in an elderly population. JAMA. 1993:270:2693-2698.
20. Kang S-S, Wong PWK, Norusis M. Homocysteinemia due to folate deficiency. Metabolism. 1987; 36:458-462.
21. Lindenbaum J, Rosenberg IH, Wilson PWF, Stabler S, Allen RH. Prevalence of cobalamin deficiency in the Framingham elderly population. Am J Clin Nutr. 1994;60:2-11.
22. Ubbink JB, Vermaak WJH, van der Merwe A, Becker PJ. Vitamin B-12, vitamin B-6, and folate nutritional status in men with hyperhomocysteinemia. Am J Clin Nutr. 1993;57:47-53.
23. Pancharuniti N, Lewis CA, Sauberlich HE, et al. Plasma homocyst(e)ine, folate, and vitamin B-12 concentrations and risk for early-onset coronary artery disease. Am J Clin Nutr. 1994;59:940-948.
24. Miller JW, Ribaya-MercadoJD, Russell RM, et al. Effect of vitamin B-6 deficiency on fasting plasma homocysteine concentrations. Am J Clin Nutr. 1992;55:1154-1160.
25. Kang S-S, Wong PWK, Cook HY, Norusis M, Messer JV. Protein-bound homocyst(e)ine: a possible risk factor for coronary artery disease. J Clin Invest. 1986;77:1482-1486.
26. Nygård O, Vollset SE, Refsum H, et al. Total plasma homocysteine and cardiovascular risk profile: the Hordaland Homocysteine Study. JAMA. 1995; 274:1526-1533.
27. Glueck CJ, Shaw P, Lang JE, Tracy T, Sieve-Smith L, Wang Y. Evidence that homocysteine is an independent risk factor for atherosclerosis in hyperlipidemic patients. Am J Cardiol. 1995;75:132-136.
28. Ueland PM, Refsum H. Plasma homocysteine, a risk factor for vascular disease: plasma levels in health, disease, and drug therapy. J Lab Clin Med. 1989;114:473-501.
29. Wilcken DEL, Gupta VJ. Sulphur containing amino acids in chronic renal failure with particular ref- risk of myocardial infarction in US physicians, JAMA. 1992;268:877-881.
30. Arneson E, Refsum H, Bonaa KH, Ueland PM, Forde OH, Nordrehaug JE. Serum total homocysteine and coronary heart disease. Int J Epidemiol. 1995;24:704-709.
31. Wu LL, Wu J, Hunt SC, et al. Plasma homocyst(e)ine as a risk factor for early familial coronary artery disease. Clin Chem. 1994;40:552-561.
32. 6. pyridoxal phosphate, and folate. Am J Cardiol. 1995;75:1107-1111.
33. Graham I, Daly LE, Refsum HM, et al. Plasma homocysteine as a risk factor for vascular disease: the European Concerted Action Project. JAMA. 1997;277:1775-1781.
34. Selhub J, Jacques PF. Bostom AG, et al. Association between plasma homocysteine concentrations and extracranial carotid-artery stenosis. N Engl J Med. 1995;332:286-291.
35. Perry IJ, Refsum H, Morris RW, Ebrahim SB, Ueland PM, Shaper AG. Prospective study of serum total homocysteine concentration and risk of stroke in middle-aged British men. Lancet 1995; 346:1395-1398.
36. Brattström L, Israelsson B, Norrving B, et al. Impaired homocysteine metabolism in early-onset cerebral and peripheral occlusive arterial disease: effects of pyridoxine and folic acid treatment. Atherosclerosis. 1990;81:51-60.
37. Omenn GS, Beresford SAA, Motulsky AG. Preventing coronary heart disease: B vitamins and homocysteine. Circulation. 1998;97:421-424.
38. 6 from diet and supplements in relation to risk of coronary heart disease among women. JAMA. 1998;279:359-364.
39. Ubbink JB, Vermaak WJH, van der Merwe A, Becker PJ, Delport R, Potgieter HC. Vitamin requirements for the treatment of hyperhomocysteinemia in humans. J Nutr. 1994;124:1927-1933.
40. Robinson K. Data presented at: 69th Scientific Sessions of the American Heart Association; November 12, 1996; New Orleans, La.
41. 6 supplements in elderly people with normal serum vitamin concentrations. Lancet. 1995;346:85-89.
42. Tucker KL, Mahnken B, Wilson PWF, Jacques P, Selhub J. Folic acid fortification of the food supply: potential benefits and risks for the elderly population. JAMA. 1996;276:1879-1885.
43. Campbell NRC. How safe are folic acid supplements? Arch Intern Med. 1996;156:1638-1644.
44. Peterson JC, Spence JD. Vitamins and progression of atherosclerosis in hyperhomocyst(e)inaemia. Lancet. 1998;351:263.
45. van der Mooren MJ, Wouters MGAJ, Blom HJ, Schellekens TKAB, Rolland R. Hormone replacement therapy may reduce high serum homocysteine in postmenopausal women. Bur J Clin Invest. 1994;24:733-736.
46. Wilcken DE, Wilcken B, Dudman NP, Tyrrell PA. Homocysteinemia: the effects of betaine in the treatment of patients not responsive to pyridoxine. N Engl J Med. 1983;309:448-453.
47. Wilcken DE, Wilcken B. The natural history of vascular disease in homocystinuria and the effects of treatment. J Inherit Metab Dis. 1997;20: 295-300.