Hepatitis C-associated autoimmune disorders

Rheumatic Disease Clinics of North America

Volumn 24, Issue 2, 1998, Pages 353-374

  McMurray, R W ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MISSISSIPPI MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ALPHA INTERFERON;

ANTIPHOSPHOLIPID SYNDROME; AUTOIMMUNE DISEASE; AUTOIMMUNE HEPATITIS; CLINICAL FEATURE; CRYOGLOBULINEMIA; DERMATOMYOSITIS; GLOMERULONEPHRITIS; HASHIMOTO DISEASE; HEPATITIS C; HEPATITIS C VIRUS; HUMAN; POLYMYOSITIS; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS; SJOEGREN SYNDROME; SUBCUTANEOUS DRUG ADMINISTRATION; SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS; VASCULITIS; VEIN THROMBOSIS;

EID: 0031861045     PISSN: 0889857X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0889-857X(05)70013-2     Document Type: Article

References (177)

1. N. Abuaf F. Lunel P. Giral Non-organ specific autoantibodies associated with chronic C virus hepatitis J Hepatol 18 1993 359
2. M.D. Albero F. Rivera E. Merino Hepatitis C virus infection complicating lupus nephritis Nephrology, Dialysis, Transplantation 11 1996 1342
3. T. Allander A. Beyene S.H. Jacobson Patients infected with the same hepatitis C virus strain display different kinetics of the isolate specific antibody response J Infect Dis 175 1997 26
4. M.J. Alter H.S. Margolis K. Krawcynski The natural history of community acquired hepatitis C in the United States N Engl J Med 327 1992 1899
5. M.J. Alter Epidemiology of hepatitis C in the West Semin Liver Dis 15 1995 5
6. M.J. Alter To C or not to C: These are the questions Blood 85 1995 1681
7. P. Andreone A. Gramenzi C. Cursaro Hepatitis C virus infection and lymphoproliferative disorders [letter] Blood 86 1995 3610
8. H. Arai M. Tanaka K. Ohta Symptomatic myopathy associated with interferon therapy for chronic hepatitis C Lancet 345 1995 582
9. S.M. Arend E.C. Hagen A.C. Kroes Activation of chronic hepatitis C virus infection by cyclophosphamide in a patient with cANCA-positive vasculitis Nephrology, Dialysis, Transplantation 10 1995 884
10. N. Bach S.N. Thung F. Schaffner The histological features of chronic hepatitis C and autoimmune chronic hepatitis: A comparative analysis Hepatology 15 1992 572
11. J.H. Barrier G. Magadur-Joly M. Gassin Hepatitis C virus: An improbable etiological agent of Gougerot-Sjögren's syndrome [letter] Presse Medicale 22 1993 1108
12. S. Bellary T. Schiano G. Hartman Chronic hepatitis with combined features of autoimmune chronic hepatitis and chronic hepatitis C: Favorable response to prednisone and azathioprine Ann Intern Med 123 1995 32
13. C. Biron H. Andreani P. Blanc Antiphospholipid antibodies in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection or alcoholic liver disease: Preliminary results Annales de Medecine Interne 147 suppl 1996 48
14. J. Boadas J. Rodriguea-Espinosa J. Enriquez Prevalence of thyroid autoantibodies is not increased in blood donors with hepatitis C virus infection J Hepatol 22 1995 611
15. E. Bon A. Cantarel L. Moulinier Rheumatic manifestations of chronic hepatitis C and response to treatment with interferon alpha Revue du Rheumatisme 61 1994 497
16. V.V. Borisova P.E. Krel Systemic lupus erythematosus etiologically due to the hepatitis B and C viruses Terapevticheskii Arkhiv 64 1992 92
17. J.L. Boyer A. Reuben Chronic hepatitis Schiff L. Schiff E.R. Disease of the Liver ed 7 1993 JB Lippincott Philadelphia 612 618
18. W. Bronson R.W. McMurray Hepatitis C virus and systemic lupus erythematosus: A case report J Clin Rheumatol 3 1997 153
19. T.V. Cacciarelli O.M. Martinez R.G. Gish Immunoregulatory cytokines in chronic hepatitis C virus infection: Pre- and post-treatment with interferon alfa Hepatology 24 1996 6
20. P. Cacoub F.L. Fabiani L. Musset Mixed cryoglobulinemia and hepatitis C virus Am J Med 96 1994 124
21. J.L. Calleja A. Albillos G. Cacho Interferon and prednisone therapy in chronic hepatitis C with non-organ specific antibodies J Hepatol 24 1996 308 312
22. C.W. Carson D.L. Conn A.J. Czaja Frequency and significance of anibodies to hepatitis C in polyarteritis nodosa J Rheumatol 20 1993 304
23. J. Castanet J.P. Lacour J.G. Fuzibet Adult Still's disease associated with hepatitis C virus infection J Am Acad Dermatol 31 1994 807
24. O. Chazouilleres M. Kim L. Ferrell Quantitation of hepatic C virus RNA in liver transplant recipients Gastroenterology 106 1994 994
25. B.D. Clifford D. Donahue L. Smith High prevalence of serological markers of autoimmunity in patients with chronic hepatitis C Hepatology 21 1995 613
26. A.J. Czaja H.A. Carpenter P.J. Santrach Evidence against hepatitis viruses as important causes of severe autoimmune hepatitis in the United States J Hepatol 18 1993 342
27. A.J. Czaja H.A. Carpenter P.J. Santrach Significance of human leukocyte antigens DR3 and DR4 in chronic viral hepatitis Dig Dis Sci 40 1995 2098
28. A.J. Czaja H.A. Carpenter Sensitivity, specificity, and predictability of biopsy interpretations in chronic hepatitis Gastroenterology 105 1993 1824
29. M.C. Dalavacs Polymyositis, dermatomyositis, and inclusion body myositis N Engl J Med 325 1991 1487
30. M.S. Daud L.E. Gibson S. Dauod Chronic hepatitis C and skin diseases: A review Mayo Clin Proc 70 1995 559
31. W.S. David C. Peine P. Schlesinger Nonsystemic vasculitic mononeuropathy multiplex, cyroglobulinemia, and hepatitis C Muscle and Nerve 19 1996 1596
32. De Medina M. E.R. Schiff Hepatitis C: diagnostic assays Semin Liv Dis 15 1995 33
33. S. DeVita D. Sansonno R. Dolcetti Hepatitis C virus within a malignant lymphoma lesion in the course of Type II mixed cryoglobulinemia Blood 86 1995 1887
34. R.C. Dickson M.J. Gaffey M.B. Ishitani The international autoimmune hepatitis score in chronic hepatitis C J Viral Hepatitis 4 1997 121 128
35. S.P. Dourakis M. Deutsch S.J. Hadziyannis Immune thrombocytopenia and alpha interferon therapy J Hepatol 24 1996 972 975
36. M.S. Doutre A. Baquey P. Bernard Appearance of antiphospholipid antibodies in patients with hepatitis C treated with interferon alpha Annales de Medicines Intern 148 1997 99
37. N. Dupin O. Chosidow F. Lunel Essential mixed cryoglobulinemia. A comparative study of dermatologic manifestations in patients infected or noninfected with hepatitis C virus Arch Dermatol 131 1995 1124
38. J.M. Durand G. Kaplanski M.A. Richard Cutaneous vasculitis in a patient infected with hepatitis C virus: Detection of hepatitis C virus RNA in the skin by polymerase chain reaction [letter] Br J Dermatol 128 1993 359
39. M. Funaoka K. Kato M. Komatsu Fulminant hepatitis caused by hepatitis C virus during treatment for multiple sclerosis J Gastroenterol 31 1996 119
40. C. Ferri F. Greco G. Longombardo Antibodies to hepatitis C in patients with mixed cryoglobulinemia Arthritis Rheum 34 1991 1606
41. Ferri C. La Civita L. P. Fazzi Polymyositis, lung fibrosis, and cranial neuropathy in a patient with hepatitis C virus infection Arthritis Rheum 39 1996 1074
42. Ferri C. La Civita L. P. Fazzi Interstitial lung fibrosis and rheumatic disorders in patients with hepatitis C virus infection Br J Rheumatol 36 1997 360
43. C. Ferri M. Monti La Civita L. Hepatitis C virus infection in non-Hodgkin's B cell lymphoma complicating mixed cryoglobulinemia Eur J Clin Invest 24 1994 781
44. B. Frankum C.H. Katelaris Hepatitis C infection and Henoch-Schönlein purpura Aust N Z J Med 25 1995 176
45. F. Franzin D.G. Efremov G. Pozzato Clonal B-cell expansions in peripheral blood of HCV-infected patients Br J Hematol 90 1995 548
46. M.A. Freni D. Artuso G. Gerken Focal lymphocytic aggregates in chronic hepatitis C: occurrence, immunohistochemical characterization, and relations to markers of autoimmunity Hepatology 22 1995 389
47. M.W. Fried J.O. Dragueku M. Shindo Clinical and serological differentiation of autoimmune and hepatitis C virus related chronic hepatitis Dig Dis Sci 38 1993 631
48. M.W. Fried J.H. Hoofnagle Therapy of hepatitis C Semin Liv Dis 15 1995 82
49. L.S. Friedman K.P. Patel S.J. Munoz Hepatitis C virus and autoimmune chronic active hepatitis: Closing the ring Gastroenterology 102 1992 1436
50. M. Garcia-Carrasco M. Ramos R. Cervera Hepatitis C virus infection in primary Sjogren's syndrome: Prevalence and clinical significnce in a series of 90 patients Ann Rheum Dis 56 1997 173
51. J. Garcia-Valdecasas C. Bernal F. Garcia Epidemiology of hepatitis C virus infection in patients with renal disease J Am Soc Nephrol 5 1994 186
52. A. Gomez R. Solans C.P. Simeon Dermatomyositis, hepatocarcinoma, and hepatitis C: Comment on the article by Weidensaul et al [letter] Arthritis Rheum 40 1997 394
53. P.D. Gorevic H.Y. Kassab Y. Levo Mixed cryoglobulinemia: Clinical aspects and long term follow-up of 40 patients Am J Med 69 1980 287
54. S. Gorg C. Niederstadt M. Klouche Intestinal vasculitis and glomerulonephritis in hepatitis C associated cryoglobulinemia Immunitat und Infektion 23 1995 29
55. M. Gotoh J. Matsuda Human immunodeficiecncy virus rather than hepatitis C virus infection is relevant to the development of an anti-cardiolipin antibody Am J Hematol 50 1995 220
56. P. Goubau M. Reynders K. Beuselinck Confirmatory strategy of hepatitis C serology based on two screening assays in a diagnostic setting Acta Clinica Belgica 52 1997 31
57. L. Guillevin F. Lhote Classification and management of necrotising vascultides Drugs 52 1997 805
58. S.C. Gumber S. Chopra Hepatitis C: A multifaceted disease—Review of extrahepatic manifestations Ann Intern Med 123 1995 615
59. J. Haddad P. Deny C. Munz-Gotheil Lymphocytic sialoadenitis of Sjögren's syndrome associated with chronic hepatitis C virus liver disease Lancet 339 1992 321
60. P. Halfon M. Levy San Marco M. Myasthenia gravis and hepatitis C virus infection J Viral Hepatitis 3 1996 329
61. V. Hamuuryudan A. Sonsuz S. Yurdakul More on hepatitis C virus and Behçet's syndrome N Engl J Med 333 1995 322
62. J.R. Harle P. Disdier J. Pelletier Dramatic worsening of hepatic C virus–related cryoglobulinemia subsequent to treatment with interferon alfa [letter] JAMA 274 1995 126
63. M. Hearth-Holmes S.L. Zahradka B.A. Baethga Leukocytoclastic vasculitis associated with hepatitis C [letter] Am J Med 90 1992 765
64. T. Heintges C. Niederau Differentiation between autoimmune hepatitis and hepatitis C virus related liver disease Zeitschrift fur Gastroenterologie 31 1993 285
65. S. Hirohata T. Inoue K. Ito Development of rheumatoid arhtritis after chronic hepatitis caused by hepatitis C virus infection Intern Med 31 1992 493
66. S. Hirohata T. Inoue K. Ito Hepatitis C virus infection and rheumatoid arthritis: Differential expression of anti-c100 and anti GOR antibodies [letter] J Rheumatol 20 1993 204
67. S. Horikoshi T. Okada I. Shirato Diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis with hepatitis C virus-like particles in paramesangial dense deposits in a patient with chronic hepatitis C virus hepatitis Nephron 64 1993 462
68. Y. Horsmans A.P. Geubel Symptomatic myopathy in hepatitis C infection without interferon therapy [letter, comment] Lancet 345 1995 1236
69. H. Iguchi M. Kishi T. Fukioka Polymyositis after interferon beta treatment of chronic hepatitis type C Rinsho Shinkeigaku (Clinical Neurology) 26 1996 22 24
70. A. Imagawa N. Itoh T. Hanafusa Autoimmune endocrine diseased induced by recombinant interferon alpha therapy for chronic active type C hepatitis J Clin Endocrinol Metab 80 1995 922 926
71. R.J. Johnson D.R. Gretch W.G. Couser Hepatitis-C virus–associated glomerulonephritis: Effect of alpha interferon Kidney Int 46 1994 1700
72. R.J. Johnson D.R. Gretch H. Yamabe Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis associated with hepatitis C virus infection N Engl J Med 328 1993 465
73. R.J. Johnson R. Willson H. Yamabe Renal manifestations of hepatitis C virus infection Kidney Int 46 1994 1255 1263
74. C. Jorgensen M.C. Legouffe P. Perney Sicca syndrome associated with hepatitis C virus infection Arthritis Rheum 39 1996 1166
75. P.L. Karlsberg W.M. Lee D.L. Casey Cutaneous vasculitis and rheumatoid factor positivity as presenting signs of hepatitis C virus induced mixed cryoglobulinemia Arch Dermatol 131 1995 1119
76. K. Kawaguchi J. Okuwaki S. Takami A case of HCV-RNA positive liver cirrhosis with hypergammaglobulinemia and high titers of ANA, accompanied by hypothyroidism Nippon Shokakibyo Gakkai Zasshi (Japanese J Gastroenterol) 92 1995 909
77. H. Kawamoto K. Sakaguchi A. Takaki Autoimmune responses as assessed by hypergammaglobulinemia and the presence of autoantibodies in patients with chronic hepatitis C Acta Medica Okayama 47 1993 305
78. S.L. Khella S. Frost G.A. Hermann Hepatitis C infection, cryoglobulinemia, and vasculitic neuropathy: Treatment with interferon alfa: case report and literature review Neurology 45 1995 407
79. Y. Kimura K. Kajiyama H. Nomura Severe thrombocytopenia during interferon-alpha therapy for chronic active hepatitis C associated with systemic lupus erythematosus Fukuoka Igaku Zasshi (Fukuoka Acta Medica) 85 1994 329
80. P.D. King R.W. McMurray P.R. Becherer Sjögren's syndrome without mixed cryoglobulinemia is not associated with hepatitis C virus infection Am J Gastroenterol 89 1994 1047
81. M. Kobayashi E. Tanaka A. Matsumotot Antibody response to E2/NS1 hepatitis C virus protein in patients with acute hepatitis C J Gastroenterol Hepatol 12 1997 73
82. K. Koike K. Moriya K. Ishibashi Sialadenitis histologically resembling Sjogren syndrome in mice transgenic for hepatitis C virus envelope genes Proc Nat Acad Sci U S A 94 1997 233
83. T. Konishi A case of myasthenia gravis which developed myasthenic crisis after alpha-interferon therapy for chronic hepatitis C Rinsho Shinkeigaku (Clinical Neurology) 26 1996 980
84. M.J. Koziel Immunology of viral hepatitis Am J Med 100 1996 98
85. W.M. Lee Where is the dividing line between autoimmune hepatitis and hepatitis C? Gastroenterology 102 1992 1814
86. M. Lenzi Autoimmune hepatitis and hepatitis C virus infection FEMS Microbiology Reviews 14 1994 247
87. J.M. Levey B. Bjornsson B. Banner Mixed cryoglobulinemia in chronic hepatitis C infection: A clinicopathologic analysis of 10 cases and review of recent literature Medicine 73 1994 53
88. M.R. Lovy G. Starkebaum S. Uberoi Hepatitis C infection presenting with rheumatic manifestations: A mimic of rheumatoid arthritis J Rheumatol 23 1996 979
89. I.R. MacKay Hepatic disease and systemic lupus erythematosus Lahita R.G. Systemic Lupus Erythematosus 1992 Churchill Livingstone New York 761 765
90. S.D. Malnick Y. Abend E. Evron HCV hepatitis associated with anticardiolipin antibody and a cerebrovascular accident. Response to interferon therapy J Clin Gastroenterol 24 1997 40
91. R. Manna L. Odaro M. Latteri Leucocytoclastic vasculitis associated with hepatitis C virus antibodies Br J Rheumatol 36 1997 124
92. P. Marcellin V. Descamps M. Martinot-Peignoux Cryoglobulinemia with vasculitis associated with hepatitis C virus infection Gastroenterology 104 1993 272
93. A. Marchesoni N. Battafarano M. Podico Hepatitis C virus antibodies and systemic lupus erythematosus [letter] Clin Exp Rheumatol 13 1995 267
94. X. Mariette M. Zerbib A. Jaccard Hepatitis C virus and Sjögren's syndrome Arthritis Rheum 36 1993 280
95. A. Marrone A.M. DiBisceglie P. Fox Absence of hepatitis C viral infections among patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome [letter] J Hepatol 22 1995 599
96. P. Martin Hepatitis C genotypes: The key to pathogenicity? Ann Intern Med 122 1995 227
97. J. Matsuda N. Saitoh M. Gotoh High prevalence of antiphosopholipid antibodies and anti-thyroglobulin antibody in patients with hepatitis C virus infection treated with interferon alpha Am J Gastroenterol 90 1995 1138
98. Meyer zum Buschenfelde K.H. A.W. Lohse G. Gerken The role of autoimmunity in hepatitis C infection J Hepatol 22 suppl 1995 93
99. R. Misiani P. Bellavita D. Fenili Hepatitis C virus infection in patients with essential mixed cryoglobulinemia Ann Intern Med 117 1992 573
100. R. Misiani P. Bellavita D. Fenili Interferon alfa 2a therapy in cryoglobulinemia associated with hepatitis C virus N Engl J Med 330 1994 751
101. R. Misiani O. Vicari P. Bellavita Hepatitis C virus in renal tissue of patients with glomerulonephritis [letter] Nephron 68 1994 400
102. L.S. Mitchel H. Cheinquer L.J. Jeffers Detection of hepatitis C virus antibody by first and second generation assays in patients with autoimmune chronic active hepatitis types I, II, and III Am J Gastroenterol 88 1993 1027
103. A. Monteverde G. Airoldi M. Ballare Reliability of immunoassays for anti-HCV antibodies (ELISA and RIBA 2) in patients with essential mixed cryoglobulinemia Clin Exp Rheumatol 11 1993 609 613
104. L. Mouthon P. Deblois F. Sauvaget Hepatitis B virus-related polyarteritis nodosa and membranous nephropathy Am J Nephrol 15 1995 266 269
105. H. Munke F. Stockmann G. Ramadon Possible association between Behçet's syndrome and chronic hepatitis C virus infection N Engl J Med 332 1995 400 401
106. L. Muratori M. Lenzi Y. Ma Heterogeneity of liver /kidney microsomal antibody type 1 in autoimmune hepatitis and hepatitis C virus related liver disease Gut 37 1995 406 412
107. C. Mussini M. Ghini M.T. Mascia Monoclonal gammopathies and hepatitis C virus infection [letter] Blood 85 1995 1144
108. A. Nadir J.W. Smith B. Matter Type 2 cryoglobulinemia and hepatits C virus: Its recognition and treatment J Okla State Med Assoc 87 1994 449 453
109. Y. Nagayama K. Ohta M. Tsuruta Exacerbation of thyroid autoimmunity by interferon alpha treatment in patients with chronic viral hepatitis: Our studies and review of the literature Endocrine J 41 1994 565 572
110. K. Nepveu B. Libman Hepatitis C and another possible cause of porphyria cutanea tarda and systemic lupus erythematosus: Comment on the article by Kutz and Bridges [letter] Arthritis Rheum 39 1996 352
111. M. Nishikai M. Miyairi S. Kosaka Dermatomyositis following infection with hepatitis C virus [letter] J Rheumatol 21 1994 1584
112. K. Noda N. Enomoto K. Arai Induction of antinuclear antibody after interferon therapy in patients with type-C chronic hepatitis: Its relation to the efficacy of therapy Scand J Gastroenterol 31 1996 716
113. K. Okada Y. Tokashita H. Shimomura Detections of hepatitis C virus core protein in the glomeruli of patients with membranous glomerulonephritis Clin Nephrol 45 1996 71
114. M.H. Ornstein R. Phelps L.D. Kerr Correlation of liver and skin histopathology with serology in a patient with cutaneous vasculitis and hepatitis C infection South Med J 87 1994 1174
115. D. Pateron O. Fain J. Sehonnou J.C. Trinchet Severe necrotizing vasculitis in a patient with hepatitis C virus infection treated by interferon Clin Exp Rheum 14 1996 79
116. J.M. Pawlotsky M. Bouvier P. Fromont Hepatitis C virus infection and autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura J Hepatol 23 1995 635
117. J.M. Pawlotsky L. Deforges S. Bretagne Hepatitis C virus infection can mimic type 1 (antinuclear antibody positive) autoimmune chronic active hepatitis Gut 34 suppl 1993 66
118. J.M. Pawlotsky F. Roudot-Thoraval P. Simmonds Extrahepatic immunologic manifestations in chronic hepatitis C virus serotypes Ann Intern Med 122 1995 169
119. M. Pirisi C. Scott C. Fabris Mild sialoadenitis: A common finding in patients with hepatitis C virus infection Scand J Gastroenterol 29 1994 940
120. S. Pivetti A. Novrino F. Merico High prevalence of autoimmune phenomena in hepatitis C virus antibody positive patients with lymphoproliferative and connective tissue disorders Br J Hematol 95 1996 204
121. J.L. Poet I. Torolli-Serabian P.P. Garnier Chronic hepatitis C and Sjögren's syndrome [letter] J Rheumatol 21 1994 1376
122. G. Pozzato C. Mazzaro M. Crovatto Low grade malignant lymphoma, hepatitis C virus infection, and mixed cryoglobulinemia Blood 84 1994 3047
123. D. Preziati L. LaRosa G. Covini Autoimmunity and thyroid function in patients with chronic active hepatitis treated with recombinant interferon-alpha 2a Eur J Endocrinol 132 1995 587
124. J. Prieto J.R. Yuste O. Beloqui Anticardiolipin antibodies in chronic hepatitis C: Implication of hepatitis C virus as the cause of th antiphospholipid syndrome Hepatology 23 1996 199
125. J.F. Quaranta A. Tran D. Regnier High prevalence of antibodies to hepatitis C virus in patients with anti-thyroid autoantibodies [letter] J Hepatol 18 1993 136
126. R.J. Quigg M. Brathwaite D.F. Gardner Successful cyclophosphamide treatment of cryoglobulinemic membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis associated with hepatitis C virus infection Am J Kidney Dis 25 1995 798
127. B. Remond P. Reygagne S. Aractingi [Cutaneous vasculitis with mixed cryoglobulinemia during chronic hepatitis C] Annales de Dermatologie et de Venereologie 119 1992 827
128. A.F. Revenga D.R. Diaz D.L. Iglesias Cryoglobulinemic vasculitis associated with hepatitis virus infection: A report of eight cases Acta Dermato-Venereologica 75 1995 234
129. C. Rocino D. Roccaguo O. Gianino Hepatitis C virus and membranous glomerulonephritis Nephron 59 1991 319
130. F.X. Roithinger S. Allinger A. Kirchgatterer A lethal course of chronic hepatitis C, glomerulonephritis, and pulmonary vasculitis unresponsive to interferon treatment Am J Gastroenterol 90 1995 1006
131. J. Romani L. Puig de Moragas J.M. Detection of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies in patients with hepatitis C virus-induced cutaneous vasculitis with mixed cryoglobulinemia Arch Dermatol 132 1996 974
132. L.E. Ronnblom G.V. Alm K.E. Oberg Autoimmunity after alpha-interferon therapy for malignant carcinoid tumors Ann Intern Med 115 1991 178
133. D. Sansonno V. Cornacchiulo A.R. Iacobelli Localization of hepatitis C virus antigens in liver and skin tissues of chronic hepatitis C virus-infected patients with mixed cryoglobulinemia Hepatology 21 1995 305
134. K. Savage A.P. Dhillon H. Schmilovitz-Weiss Detection of HCV-RNA in paraffin embedded liver biopsies from patients with autoimmune hepatitis J Hepatol 22 1995 27
135. T. Sawada S. Hirohata T. Inoue Development of rheumatoid arthritis after hepatitis C virus infection Arthritis Rheum 34 1991 1620
136. G.D. Schapiro L.S. Friedman Autoimmune hepatitis and/or hepatitis C: How to decide Hepatology 23 1996 647
137. C.A. Schirren R. Zachoval C.G. Schirren A role for chronic hepatitis C virus infection in a patient with cutaneous vasculitis, cryoglobulinemia, and chronic liver disease: Effective therapy with interferon-alpha Dig Dis Sci 40 1995 1221
138. I. Scotiniotis C.A. Brass P.F. Malet Hepatitis C: Diagnosis and treatment J Gen Intern Med 10 1995 273
139. C.A. Scott C. Avellini L. Desman Chronic lymphocytic sialoadenitis in HCV-related chronic liver disease: Comparison of Sjögren's syndrome Histopathology 30 1997 41
140. N.T. Sepp F. Umlauft B. Illersperger Necrotizing vascultis associated with hepatitis C virus infection: Successful treatment of vascultiis with interferon-alpha despite persistence of mixed cryoglobulinemia Dermatology 191 1995 43
141. Shakil A.O. Di Bisceglie A.M. “Images in clinical medicine”: Vasculitis and cryoglobulinemia related to hepatitis C N Engl J Med 331 1994 1624
142. L.B. Siegel L. Cohn D. Nashel Rheumatic manifestations of hepatitis C infection Sem Arthritis Rheum 23 1993 149
143. E. Sikuler A. Shnaider D. Zilberman Hepatitis C virus infection and extrahepatic malignancies J Clin Gastroenterol 24 1997 87 89
144. P. Simmonds Clinical relevance of hepatitis C virus genotypes Gut 40 1997 291
145. R.A. Sinico C.G. Winerals E. Sabadini Identification of glomerular immune deposits in cryoglobulinemic glomerulonephritis Kidney Int 34 1988 109
146. M. Soresi S. Tripi A. Cartabellotta Factors predicting the response to alpha interferon therapy in patients with chronic hepatitis C Recenti Progressi in Medicina 87 1996 154
147. M.F. Sorrell Clinical crossroads: A 47-year-old man with asymptomatic Hepatitis C infection JAMA 275 1995 1023 1028
148. C.P. Strassburg M.P. Manns Autoimmune hepatitis versus hepatitis C Liver 15 1995 225
149. C. Stehman-Breen C.E. Alpers W.G. Couser Hepatitis C virus associated membranous glomerulonephritis Clin Nephrol 44 1995 141
150. C. Stehman-Breen R. Willson C.E. Alpers Hepatitis C associated glomerulonephritis Curr Opin Nephrol Hyper 4 1995 287 294
151. I.O. Szymanski J.M. Pullman J.M. Underwood Electron microscopic and immunochemical studies in a patient with hepatitis C virus infection and mixed cryoglobulinemia type II Am J Clin Pathol 102 1994 278
152. A. Tran S. Benzaken H.B. Braun Anti-GOR and anti-thyroid autoantibodies in patients with chronic hepatitis C Clinical Immunol Immunopathol 77 1995 127
153. A. Tran S. Benzaken G. Yang Chronic hepatitis C and autoimmunity: Good response to immunosuppressive treatment Dig Dis Sci 42 1997 778
154. A. Tran J.F. Quaranta C. Beusnel Hepatitis C virus and Hashimoto's thyroiditis Eur J Med 1 1992 116
155. A. Tran J.F. Quaranta S. Banzaken High prevalence of thyroid autoantibodies in a prospective series of patients with chronic hepatitis C before interferon therapy Hepatology 18 1993 253
156. D.L. Thiele L. DuCharme M.R. Cunningham Steroid therapy of chronic hepatitis: Characteristics associated with response in anti-hepatitis C virus positive and negative patients Am J Gastroenterol 91 1996 300
157. U. Treichel E. Wandel G. Gerken HCV-associated cryoglobulinemia presenting with vasculitis, hepatitis, and glomerulonephritis: A therapeutic dilemma Nephrology, Dialysis, Transplantation 11 1996 1168
158. A.G. Tziofas H.M. Moutsopoulous N. Talal Lymphoid malignancy and monoclonal proteins Talal N. Moutsopoulous H.M. Kassan S.S. Sjögren's Syndrome: Clinical and Immunological Aspects 1987 Springer-Verlag New York 129 136
159. Y. Ueno R. Kinoshita I. Kishimoto Polyarthritis associated with hepatitis C virus infection Br J Rheumatol 33 1994 289
160. Y. Ueno R. Kinoshita H. Tsujinoue A case of hepatitis C virus (HCV)-associated arthritis: Quantitative analysis of HCV RNA of the synovial fluid and the serum [letter] Br J Rheumatol 34 1995 691
161. Y. Ueno K. Kondo N. Kidodoro Hepatitis C infection and polymyositis [letter, comment] Lancet 346 1995 319
162. H. Unoki A. Moriyama A. Tabaru Development of Sjögren's syndrome during treatment with recombinant interferon alpha 2b for chronic hepatitis C J Gastroenterol 31 1996 723
163. E. Uyama N. Fujiki M. Uchino Exacerbation of myasthenia gravis during interferon alpha treatment J Neurol Sci 144 1996 221
164. S. Vento L. Guella E. Concia Discordant manifestations of hepatitis C in monozygotic twin [letter] N Engl J Med 333 1995 1224
165. F. Violi D. Ferro S. Basili Hepatitis C virus, antiphospholipid antibodies, and thrombosis [letter] Hepatology 25 1997 782
166. F. Violi D. Ferro S. Basili Increased rate of thrombin generation in hepatitis C virus cirrrhotic patients. Relationships to venous thrombosis J Invest Med 43 1995 550
167. C. Vitali M. Sciuto R. Neri Anti-hepatitis C virus antibodies in primary Sjögren's syndrome: False-positive results are related to hypergammaglobulinemia [letter] Clin Exp Rheumatol 10 1992 102
168. U. Watanabe E. Hashimoto T. Hisamitsu The risk factor for development of thyroid disease during interferon alpha therapy for chronic hepatitis C Am J Gastroenterol 89 1994 399
169. M.J. Wattiaux Gougerot Sjögren syndrome and hepatitis C virus: What relation? Presse Medicale 26 1997 652
170. M.J. Wattiaux C. Jouan-Flahault P. Youinou Association of Gougerot-Sjögren syndrome and viral hepatitis C: Apropos of 6 cases Annales de Medecine Interne 146 1995 247 250
171. D. Weidensaul T. Imam M.M. Holyst Polymyositis, pulmonary fibrosis, and hepatitis C Arthritis Rheum 38 1995 437
172. M. Willems L. Sheng T. Roskams Hepatitis C virus and its genotypes in patients suffering from chronic hepatitis C with or without a cryoglobulinemia related syndrome J Med Virol 44 1994 266
173. S. Wong A.E. Mehta C. Faiman Absence of serologic evidence for hepatitis C virus infection in patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis Hepato-Gastroenterology 43 1996 420
174. T. Wright N. Terrault Interferon and hepatitis C N Engl J Med 332 1995 1509 1511
175. H. Yamabe R.J. Johnson D.R. Gretch Hepatitis C virus infection and membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis in Japan J Am Soc Nephrol 6 1995 220 223
176. T. Yamamoto A. Yokoyama Hypergammaglobulinemic purpura associated with Sjögren's syndrome and chronic C type hepatitis J Dermatol 24 1997 7
177. A. Zibert H. Meisel W. Kraas Early antibody response against hypervariable region 1 is associated with acute self-limiting infections of hepatatis C virus Hepatology 25 1997 1245