Treatment of schizophrenia: Let's talk dollars and sense

American Journal of Managed Care

Volumn 4, Issue 3, 1998, Pages 369-383

  Buckley, Peter F ^a  

^a CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CLOZAPINE; OLANZAPINE; QUETIAPINE; RISPERIDONE; SERTINDOLE;

ARTICLE; COST EFFECTIVENESS ANALYSIS; DRUG COST; DRUG EFFICACY; ECONOMIC ASPECT; FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION; HUMAN; PATIENT COMPLIANCE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SCHIZOPHRENIA;

ANTIPSYCHOTIC AGENTS; COST OF ILLNESS; COST-BENEFIT ANALYSIS; HEALTH CARE COSTS; HUMANS; SCHIZOPHRENIA; TREATMENT OUTCOME; UNITED STATES;

EID: 0031856940     PISSN: 10880224     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (85)

1. Hafner H, Heiden W. Epidemiology of schizophrenia. Can J Psychiatry 1997;42:139-151.
2. Zito JM, Provenzano G. Pharmaceutical decisionmaking: Pharmacoepidemiology or pharmacoeconomics - who's in the driver's seat? Psychopharmacol Bull 1995;31:735-44.
3. Hargreaves WA, Shumway S. Pharmacoeconomics of antipsychotic drug therapy. J Clin Psychiatry 1996;57(suppl 9):66-76.
4. Essock SM, Hargreaves WA, Dohm F, et al. Clozapine eligibility among state hospital patients. Schizophr Bull 1996;22:580-593.
5. Glazer WM, Johnstone BM. Pharmacoeconomic evaluation of antipsychotic therapy for schizophrenia. J Clin Psychiatr 1997;58(suppl 10):50-54.
6. Wyatt RJ. Early intervention for schizophrenia: Can the course of the illness be altered? Biol Psychiatr 1995;38:1-3.
7. Pinals DA, Breier A. Schizophrenia. In: Tasman A, Kay J, Lieberman JA, eds. Psychiatry. Vol 2. Philadelphia, PA: WB Saunders;1997:927-965.
8. National Institute of Mental Health. Report of Schizophrenia. Bethesda, MD: NIMH; 1993.
9. Rupp A, Keith SJ. The costs of schizophrenia. In: Powchik P, Schulz SC, eds. Schizophrenia Update Psychiatric Clinics of North America. Philadelphia, PA: WB Saunders;1993;16:413-423.
10. Rice DP, Miller LS. The economic burden of schizophrenia: Conceptual and methodological issues, and cost estimates. In: Moscarelli M, Rupp A, Sartorius N, eds. Schizophrenia. Vol I. Handbook of Mental Health Economics and Health Policy. London, England: John Wiley & Sons; 1996:321-334.
11. Wyatt RJ. The cost of schizophrenia - productive person years: Making direct and indirect costs understanble. Neuropsychopharmacology 1994;10(suppl 3):5975.
12. Davies LM, Drummond MF. Economics and schizophrenia: The real cost. Br J Psychiatry 1994;165:18-21.
13. Knapp M. Costs of schizophrenia. Br J Psychiatry 1997;171:509-518.
14. Andrews G, Hall W, Goldstein G, et al. The economic costs of schizophrenia. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1985;42:537-543.
15. World Health Organization. The Global Burden of Disease. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO;1996.
16. Schulz SC, Buckley PF. Treatment-resistant schizophrenia. In: Hirsch SR, Weinberger DR, eds. Schizophrenia. Oxford: Blackwell Science;1995:469-484.
17. Davies LM, Drummond MF. Assessment of costs and benefits of drug therapy for treatment-resistant schizophrenia in the United Kingdom. Br J Psychiatry 1993;162:38-42.
18. Bartels SJ, Teague GB, Drake RE, Clark RE, Bush PW, Noordsy DL. Substance abuse in schizophrenia: Service utilization and costs. J Nerv Ment Dis 1993;181:227-232.
19. Penn DL, Mueser KT. Research update on the psychosocial treatment of schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry 1996; 153:607-617.
20. Tamminga CA. The promise of new drugs for schizophrenia treatment. Can J Psychiatry 1997;42:265-273.
21. Davis JM. Comparison of outcome from schizophrenia and other medical conditions. Presented at the Annual Meeting of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology; December 1995; San Juan, Puerto Rico.
22. Kane JM. Schizophrenia. N Engl J Med 1996;334:34-41.
23. Meyer JM, Simpson GM. From chlorpromazine to olanzapine: A brief history of antipsychotics. Psychiatr Serv 1997;48:1137-1140.
24. Buckley PF. New dimensions in the pharmacologic treatment of schizophrenia and related psychoses. J Clin Pharmacol 1997;37:363-378.
25. Meltzer HY, Okayli G. Reduction of suicidality during clozapine treatment of neuroleptic-resistant schizophrenia: Impact on risk-benefit assessment. Am J Psychiatry 1995; 152:183-190.
26. Kane J, Honigfeld G, Singer J, et al. Clozapine for the treatment-resistant schizophrenic: A double-blind comparison with chlorpromazine. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1988; 45:789-96.
27. Carpenter WT, Conley RR, Buchanan RW, et al. Patient response and resource management: Another view of clozapine treatment of schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry 1995; 152:827-832.
28. Meltzer HY. Clozapine: Is another view valid? Am J Psychiatry 1995;152:821-825.
29. Marder SR, Meibach RC. Risperidone in the treatment of schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry 1994;151:825-835.
30. Tollefson GD, Beasely CM, Tran PV, et al. Olanzapine versus haloperidol in the treatment of schizophrenia and schizoaffective and schizophreniform disorders: Results on an international collaborative trial. Am J Psychiatry 1997;154:457-465.
31. Tollefson GD, Beasely CM, Tran PV, et al. Olanzapine and negative symptoms: A path analysis. Am J Psychiatry 1997;154:466-472.
32. Tollefson GD, Beasley CM, Tamura RN, Tran PV, Potvin JH. Blind, controlled, long-term study of comparative incidence of treatment-emergent tardive dyskinesia with olanzapine of haloperidol. Am J Psychiatry 1997;154:1248-1254.
33. Small JG, Hirsch SR, Arvantis LA, et al. Quetiapine in patients with schizophrenia. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1997; 54:549-552.
34. Arvantis LA, Miller BG, the Seroquel Trial 13 Study Group. Multiple fixed doses of seroquel (quetiapine) in patients with acute exacerbation of schizophrenia: A comparison with haloperidol and placebo. Biol Psychiatry 1997;42:233-246.
35. Zimbroff DL, Kane JM, Tamminga CA, et al. Controlled, dose-response study of sertindole and haloperidol in the treatment of schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry 1997;154:782-791.
36. Tamminga CA, Mack RJ, Granneman GR, Silber CJ, Kashkin KB. Sertindole in the treatment of psychosis in schizophrenia: efficacy and safety. Int Clin Psychopharmacol 1997;12(suppl 1):S29-S35.
37. Pelonero AL. Pharmaceuticals and politics. Psychiatr Serv 1995;46:857.
38. Adityanjee, Pelonero AL. Prescribing risperidone. Psychiatr Serv 1995;46:291-292.
39. Klausner M, Bracher M. Risperidone guidelines. Psychiatr Serv 1995;46:950-951.
40. Bilsker D. Cost-benefits of risperidone. Psychiatr Serv 1996;47:309.
41. Zito JM. Pharmacoeconomics of the novel antipsychotics. In: Buckley PF, ed. Schizophrenia. Psychiatric Clin North Am. Philadephia, PA: W.B. Saunders, 1998;181-202.
42. Honigfeld G, Patin J. A two-year clinical and economic follow-up of patients on clozapine. Hosp Community Psychiatry 1990;41:882-885.
43. Revicki DA, Luce BR, Wechsler JM, et al. Cost-effectiveness of clozapine for treatment-resistant schizophrenic patients. Hosp Community Psychiatry 1990;41:850-854.
44. Frankenburg FR, Zanarini MC, Cole JO, et al. Hospitalization rates among clozapine-treated patients. A prospective cost-benefit analysis. Ann Clin Psychiatry 1992;4:247-250.
45. Meltzer HY, Cola P, Way L, Thompson PA, et al. Cost effectiveness of clozapine in neuroleptic-resistant schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry 1993;150:1630-1638.
46. Reid WH, Mason M, Toprac M. Savings in hospital bed days related to treatment with clozapine. Hosp Community Psychiatry 1994;45:261-264.
47. Aitchison KJ, Kerwin RW. Cost-effectiveness of clozapine. Br J Psychiatry 1997;171:125-130.
48. Albright PS, Livingstone S, Keegan D, et al. Reduction of healthcare resource utilization and costs following the use of risperidone for patients with schizophrenia previously treated with standard antipsychotic therapy; a retrospective analysis using the Saskatchewan Health linkable databases. Clin Drug Inv 1996;11:289-299.
49. Guest JF, Hart WM, Cookson RF, Lindstrom E. Pharmacoeconomic evaluation of long-term treatment with risperidone for patients with chronic schizophrenia. Br J Med Economics 1996;10:59-67.
50. Thompson D. Costs of treatment with risperidone and clozapine. Report submitted to the San Diego Department of Mental Health. San Diego, CA; 1996.
51. Viale G, Mechling L, Maislin G, Durkin M, Englehart L, Lawrence BJ. Impact of risperidone of the use of mental health care resources. Psychiatr Serv 1997;48:1153-1159.
52. Revicki DA, Luce BR, Weschler JM, et al. Clozapine's cost benefits. [In reply]. Hosp Community Psychiatry 1991;42:93-94.
53. Goldman H. Clozapine's cost benefits. Hosp Community Psychiatry 1991;42:92-93.
54. Schiller M, Hargreaves WA. Clozapine's cost effectiveness. Am J Psychiatry 1995;152:151-152.
55. Essock SM. Clozapine's cost-effectiveness. Am J Psychiatry 1995;152:152.
56. Robert G, Kennedy P. Establishing cost-effectiveness of atypical neuroleptics. Br J Psychiatry 1997;171:103-104.
57. Rosenheck R, Cramer J, Xu W, et al. A comparison of clozapine and haloperidol in hospitalized patients with refractory schizophrenia. N Engl J Med 1997;337:809-815.
58. Nightengale BS, Garrett L, Waugh S, Lawrence BJ, Andrus J. Economic outcomes associated with the use of risperidone in a naturalistic group practice setting. Am J Man Care 1998;4:360-366.
59. Tollefson GD. Economics of schizophrenia. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Psychiatric Association; May 1997; San Diego, CA.
60. Matheson LA, Cook HM, McKenna P, et al. Value for money for patients with schizophrenia. Br J Med Economics 1994;7:25-34.
61. Chouinard G, Albright PS. Economic and health state utility determinations for schizophrenia patients treated with risperidone or haloperidol. J Clin Psychopharmacol 1997;17:298-307.
62. Palmer C, Haley C, Revicki D, et al. A cost-effectiveness clinical decision analysis model for schizophrenia. Am J Man Care 1998;4:345-355.
63. Glazer WM, Ereshefsky L. A pharmacoeconomic model of outpatient therapy in "revolving door" schizophrenic patients. J Clin Psychiatry 1996;57:337-345.
64. Weiden PJ, Olfson M. Cost of relapse in schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull 1995;21:419-429.
65. Sheldon T. Problems of using modelling in the economic evaluation of health care. Health Econ 1996;5:1-12.
66. Kopala LC, Good KP, Honer WG. Extrapyramidal signs and clinical symptoms in first-episode schizophrenia: Response to low-dose risperidone. J Clin Psychopharmacol 1997;17:308-313.
67. Frances A, Docherty JP, Kahn DA, et al. The expert consensus guideline series. Treatment of schizophrenia. J Clin Psychiatry 1996;57(suppl):1-59.
68. Herz MI, Liberman RP, Lieberman JA, et al. American Psychiatric Association practice guidelines for the treatment of patients with schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry 1997; 154(suppl):1-63.
69. Lehman AF, Steinwachs DM, and the PORT coinvestigators. Translating research into practice: The schizophrenia PORT treatment recommendations. Schizophr Bull 1998 (in press).
70. Zarin DA, Pincus HA, West JC, McIntyre JS. Practice-based research in psychiatry. Am J Psychiatry 1997;154: 199-208.
71. Fenton WS, McGlashan TH. Can we talk: Individual psychotherapy and schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry 1997;154:1493495.
72. Kuipers E, Garety P, Fowler D, et al. London-East Anglia randomised controlled trial of cognitive-behavioural therapy for psychosis. Br J Psychiatry 1997;171:319-327.
73. Santos AB, Henggeler SW, Burns BJ, et al. Research on field-based services: Models for reform in the delivery of mental health care to populations with complex clinical problems. Am J Psychiatry 1995;152:1111-1123.
74. Hogan MF. Organization and financing of mental health care. In: Tasman A, Kay J, Lieberman JA, eds. Psychiatry. Vol 2. Philadelphia, PA: WB Saunders; 1997:1781-1802.
75. Reid W. The treatment of psychosis: Resetting the drug-cost "thermostat." J Clin Psychiatry 1994;55(9 suppl B): 166-168.
76. Dixon L, McNary S, Lehman A. One-year follow-up of secondary versus primary mental disorder in persons with comorbid substance use disorders. Am J Psychiatry 1997;154:1610-1612.
77. Healy D. Psychopharmacology and the ethics of resource allocation. Br J Psychiatry 1993;162:23-29.
78. Stip E, Tourjman V, Lew V, Fabian J, Cormier H, Landry P, et al. "Awakenings" effect with risperidone. Am J Psychiatry 1995;152:1833.
79. Cruickshank JM, Thorp JM, Zacharias FJ. Benefits and potential harm of lowering high blood pressure. Lancet 1987;1:581-584.
80. Johnstone E, McMillan FJ, Frith ED, et al. Further investigation of the predictors of outcome following first schizophrenic episodes. Br J Psychiatry 1990;157:182-189.
81. Wyatt RJ. Neuroleptics and the natural course of schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull 1991;17:325-351.
82. Loebel AD, Lieberman JA, Alvir JMJ, et al. Duration of psychosis and outcome in first-episode schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry 1992;149:1183-1188.
83. Wyatt RJ, Green MF. Early treatment and outcome in schizophrenia: A reanalysis of the Camarillo State Hospital data. Psychol Med 1997;27:1263-1271.
84. Birchwood M, McGorry P, Jackson H. Early intervention in schizophrenia. Br J Psychiatry 1997;170:2-4.
85. Frese F. Advocacy, support, consumerism and the challenges in schizophrenia. In: Buckley PF, ed. Schizophrenia. Psychiatric Clinics of North America. Philadelphia, PA: W.B. Saunders, 1998;233-249.