How will European arctic ecosystems respond to projected global environmental change?

Ambio

Volumn 27, Issue 4, 1998, Pages 306-311

  Press, Malcolm C ^a   Callaghan, Terry V ^a,b,c   Lee, John A ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF SHEFFIELD   (United Kingdom)

^b Sheffield Centre for Arctic Ecology   (United Kingdom)

^c ABISKO SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH STATION   (Sweden)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ARCTIC ENVIRONMENT; COMMUNITY RESPONSE; ECOSYSTEM DYNAMICS; GLOBAL CHANGE;

(NORTH); EUROPE;

EID: 0031853027     PISSN: 00447447     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (38)

1. IPCC. 1995. Climate Change 1995 The Science of Climate Change. Summary for Policymakers and technical summary of the Working Group I report. Cambridge University Press, UK.
2. Cattle, H and Crossley. J. 1995. Modelling arctic climate change. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. A 352, 201-213
3. Maxwell, B. 1992. Arctic climate: potential for change under global warming In. Arctic Ecosystems in a Changing Climate. An Ecophysiological Perspective. Chapin III, F.S , Jefferies R.L., Reynolds, J.F , Shaver, G.R. and Svoboda, J. (eds). Academic Press, San Diego, USA, pp. 11-34.
4. Swift, M.J . Heal, O.W and Anderson, J.M. 1979 Decomposition in Terrestrial Ecosystems. Blackwell, Oxford, UK.
5. Woodin, S J. 1997. Effects of acid deposition on arctic vegetation. In. Ecology of Arctic Environment. Woodin, S.J. and Marquiss M. (eds) Blackwell Science, UK, pp. 219-239
6. Bliss, L.C. and Matveyeva, N.V. 1992. Circumpolar arctic vegetation. Arctic Ecosystems in a Changing Climate: An Ecophysiological Perspective. Chapin III, F.S., Jefferies R.L , Reynolds, J.F., Shaver, G.R. and Svoboda, J. (eds). Academic Press, San Diego, USA, pp. 59-89.
7. Henry, G H.R. and Molau, U. 1997 Tundra plants and climate change: the International Tundra Experiment (ITEX). Global Change Biol. 3 (Suppl 1), 1-9.
8. McKane, R.B., Rastetter, E.B., Shaver, G.R , Nadelhoffer, K.J , Giblin, A E , Laundre, J.A and Chapin, F.S. III 1997. Climatic effects on tundra carbon storage inferred from experimental data and a model. Ecology 78, 1170-1187.
9. McKane, R.B., Rastetter, E.B., Shaver, G R., Nadelhoffer, K.J., Giblin, A.E., Laundre, J.A. and Chapin, F.S. III 1997. Reconstruction and analysis of historical changes in carbon storage in arctic tundra. Ecology 78, 1188-1198.
10. Chapin, F.S. III and Shaver, G.R 1985 Individualistic growth responds of tundra plant species to environmental manipulations in the field. Ecology 66, 564-576.
11. Chapin, F S. III. Shaver, G.R., Giblin, A.E. Nadelhoffer, K.G. and Laundre, J.A. 1995. Responses of arctic tundra to experimental and observed changes in climate. Ecology 76, 694-711.
12. Callaghan, T. V. and Jonasson, S 1995. Arctic terrestrial ecosystems and environmental change. Phil Trans R Soc. Lond. A 352, 259-276.
13. Baddeley, J.A., Woodin, S.J. and Alexander, I.J. 1994. Effects of increased nitrogen and phosphorus availability on the photosynthesis and nutrient relations of three arctic dwarf shrubs from Svalbard. Funct. Ecol. 8, 676-685.
14. Strathdee, A T , Bale, J.S., Strathdee, F.C., Block, W.C., Coulson, S.J., Webb, N.R. and Hodkinson, I D. 1995 Climatic severity and the response to temperature elevation of arctic aphids. Global Change Biol. 1, 23-28.
15. Molau, U. 1997. Responses to natural climatic variation and experimental warning in two tundra plant species with contrasting life forms: Cassiope tetragona and Ranunculus nivalis. Global Change Biol 3 (Suppl. 1). 97-107.
16. 2 affects decomposition of Festuca vivipara (L ) Sm. litter and roots in experiments simulating environmental change in two contrasting arctic ecosystems. Global Change Biol. 3, 37-49.
17. Havström, M., Callaghan, T.V. and Jonasson, S 1993. Differential growth responses of Casstope tetragona. an arctic dwarf shrub, to environmental perturbations among three contrasting high- and sub-arctic sites. Oikos 66, 389-402
18. Wookey, P A., Parsons, A.N , Welker, J.M., Potter, J A., Callaghan, T V., Lee, J.A. and Press, M C 1993. Comparative responses of phenology and reproductive development to simulated environmental change in sub-arctic and high arctic plants. Oikos 67, 490-502.
19. Jonasson, S., Lee, J.A., Callaghan, T.V . Havstrorn, M. and Parsons, A N. 1996. Direct and indirect effects of increasing temperatures on subarctic ecosystems. Ecol Bull. 45, 180-191
20. Brooker, R W. and Callaghan, T V. 1997 The balance between positive and negative plant interactions and its relationship to environmental gradients: a model Oikos 81, 196-206.
21. Wookey, P.A , Robinson, C.H , Parsons, A N., Welker, J.M , Press, M.C., Callaghan, T.V. and Lee, J.A. 1995. Environmental constraints on the growth, photosynthesis and reproductive development of Dryas octopetala al a high Arctic polar semi-desert, Svalbard. Oecologia 102, 478-489.
22. Wookey, P.A., Welker, J.M., Parsons, A.N., Press, M.C., Callaghan, T.V. and Lee, J.A 1994 Differential growth, allocation and photo synthetic responses of Polygonum viviparum to simulated environmental change at a high arctic polar semi-desert. Oikos 70, 131-139
23. Andrews, M J 1994 The Effects of Simulated Global Climate Change Perturbations on Arctic Dwarf Shrub Phenology. M.Sc. Thesis. University of Manchester, UK.
24. Parsons, A.N., Welker, J M , Wookey, P.A . Press, M.C., Callaghan, T V. and Lee, J.A 1994 Growth responses of four sub-arctic dwarf shrubs to simulated environmental change J. Ecol. 82, 307-318
25. Parsons, A.N., Press, M.C., Wookey, P.A , Welker, J.M., Robinson, C.H , Callaghan, T.V. and Lee, J.A. 1995. Growth responses of Calamagrostis lapponica to simulated environmental change in the sub-arctic. Oikos 72, 61-66.
26. Press, M.C., Potter, J.A , Burke, M.J.W , Callaghan, T.V. and Lee, J.A. 1998 Responses of a subarctic dwarf shrub heath community to simulated environmental change. J. Ecol 86, 315-327.
27. Potter, J.A , Press, M.C., Callaghan, TV. and Lee, J.A. 1995 Growth responses of Polytrichum commune and Hylocomium splendens to simulated environmental change in the sub-arctic. New Phytol. 131, 533-541.
28. Chapin III, F.S., Jefferies, R.L., Reynolds, J.F., Shaver, G.R. and Svoboda, J. 1992 Arctic plant physiological ecology in an ecosystem context. In: Arctic Ecosystems in a Changing Climate. An Ecophysiological Perspective. Chapin III, F.S , Jefferies, R.L., Reynolds, J.F., Shaver, G R. and Svoboda, J (eds). Academic Press Ltd, London, UK, pp. 441-451.
29. Potter, J.A. 1995. Ecological Aspects of Bryophyte-Angiosperm Associations in the High Arctic. PhD Thesis. University of Manchester, UK.
30. Robinson, C H , Borisova, O.H., Callaghan, T.V. and Lee, J.A. 1996. Fungal hyphal length in litter of Dry as octopetala in a high-Arctic polar semi-desert, Svalbard. Polar Biol. 16, 71-74.
31. Robinson, C.H , Wookey, P.A., Parsons, A.N., Potter, J.A., Callaghan, T.V., Lee, J.A., Press, M.C. and Welker, J.M 1995. Responses of plant litter decomposition and nitrogen mineralisation to simulated environmental change in a high Arctic polar semi-desert and a sub-arctic dwarf shrub heath. Oikos 74, 503-512.
32. Jonasson, S., Havström, M , Jensen, M. and Callaghan, T.V. 1993. In situ mineralization of nitrogen and phosphorus of arctic soils after perturbations simulating climate change. Oecologia 95, 179-186.
33. Robinson, C.H , Wookey, P A., Lee, J.A., Callaghan, T.V. and Press, M.C. 1998. Plant community responses to simulated environmental change at a high arctic polar semidesert, Svalbard (79°N). Ecology 79, 856-866.
34. Robinson, D. 1997. Directional Preferences in Arctic Plant Movement. MSc Thesis, University of Sheffield, UK.
35. 2 on a subarctic heathland. In: Carbon Dioxide, Populations and Communities. Körner, C. and Bazzaz, F.A. (eds). Academic Press, London, UK, pp. 197-207.
36. 2 and temperature in the Alaskan tussock tundra. Ecology 68, 401-410.
37. Gwynn-Jones, D., Lee, J.A. and Callaghan, T.V 1997. Effects of enhanced UV-B radiation and elevated carbon dioxide concentrations on a sub-arctic forest heath ecosystem. Plant Ecol. 128, 242-249.
38. We thank the U.K. Natural Environment Research Council for financial support (grant number GST/02/531), staff at the Abisko Scientific Research Station, the Norsk Polarinstitutt and the Kings Bay Kull Company for allowing us access to facilities, and past and present members of the Sheffield Centre for Arctic Ecology for their invaluable contributions.