Tumor-related dysmotility: Gastrointestinal dysmotility syndromes associated with tumors

Digestive Diseases and Sciences

Volumn 43, Issue 7, 1998, Pages 1369-1401

  DiBaise, John K ^a   Quigley, Eamonn M M ^a,b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF NEBRASKA MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

^b Department of Internal Medicine ^*  (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AMYLOID; ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENT; BARIUM; CALMODULIN; CANNABINOID; CHOLINERGIC RECEPTOR BLOCKING AGENT; CORTICOSTEROID; CYTARABINE; IMMUNOGLOBULIN G ANTIBODY; METOCLOPRAMIDE; MORPHINE; NALOXONE; NARCOTIC ANALGESIC AGENT; OCTREOTIDE; OPIATE; OPIATE RECEPTOR; PHENOTHIAZINE DERIVATIVE; TETRAHYDROCANNABINOL; TRICYCLIC ANTIDEPRESSANT AGENT; VINCA ALKALOID;

AMYLOIDOSIS; CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM TUMOR; DERMATOMYOSITIS; DYSPEPSIA; DYSPHAGIA; ENDOCRINE DISEASE; ENTEROCOLITIS; ESOPHAGUS ACHALASIA; ESOPHAGUS SPASM; GANGLIONEUROMA; GASTROINTESTINAL MOTILITY; GRAFT VERSUS HOST REACTION; HUMAN; ILEUS; INFECTION; INTESTINE PSEUDOOBSTRUCTION; MEGACOLON; NEUROFIBROMATOSIS; NONHUMAN; PARANEOPLASTIC SYNDROME; PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA; POLYMYOSITIS; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RADIATION ENTEROPATHY; RETROPERITONEAL CANCER; REVIEW; TUMOR;

CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM NEOPLASMS; DEGLUTITION DISORDERS; DYSPEPSIA; ESOPHAGEAL ACHALASIA; ESOPHAGEAL MOTILITY DISORDERS; GASTROINTESTINAL DISEASES; GASTROINTESTINAL MOTILITY; HUMANS; INTESTINAL PSEUDO-OBSTRUCTION; NEOPLASMS; PERISTALSIS;

EID: 0031848008     PISSN: 01632116     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1023/A:1018853106696     Document Type: Review

References (200)

1. Anuras S: Classification of neuromuscular disease of the gastrointestinal tract and the spectrum of clinical manifestations. In Motility Disorders of the Gastrointestinal Tract. S Anuras (ed). New York, Raven Press, 1992, pp 157-166
2. Collins PJ, Houghton LA, Read NW, Horowitz M, Chatterton BE, Heddle R, Dent J: Role of the proximal and distal stomach in mixed solid and liquid meal emptying. Gut 32:615-619, 1991
3. Quigley EMM: Gastric and small intestinal motility in health and disease. Gastroenterol Clin North Am 25:113-145, 1996
4. Wood JD: Enteric neurophysiology. Am J Physiol 247:G585-G598, 1984
5. Roman C, Gonella J: Extrinsic control of digestive tract motility. In Physiology of the Gastrointestinal Tract, 2nd ed., Vol 1. LR Johnson, J Christenson, MJ Jackson, ED Jacobson, JD Walsh (eds). New York, Raven Press, 1987, pp 507-553
6. Szurszewski JH: Electrical basis for gastrointestinal motility. In Physiology of the Gastrointestinal Tract, 2nd ed., Vol 1. LR Johnson, J Christenson, MJ Jackson, ED Jacobson, JD Walsh (eds). New York, Raven Press, 1987, pp 383-422
7. Fox JA: Control of gastrointestinal motility by peptides: Old peptides, new tricks - new peptides, old tricks. Gastroenterol Clin North Am 18:163-177, 1989
8. Goyal RK, Hirano I: The enteric nervous system. N Engl J Med 334:1106-1115, 1996
9. Donnelly S, Walsh D: The symptoms of advanced cancer. Semin Oncol 22:67-72, 1995
10. Castell DO: Approach to the patient with dysphagia. In Textbook of Gastroenterology, 2nd ed., Vol 1. T Yamada, DH Alpers, C Owyang, DW Powell, FE Silverstein (eds). JB Lippincott, Philadelphia, 1995, pp 638-647
11. Dalton CB, Castell DO, Hewson EG, Wu WC, Richter JE: Diffuse esophageal spasm. A rare motility disorder not characterized by high amplitude contractions. Dig Dis Sci 36:1025-1028, 1991
12. Murray J, Ledlow A, Launspach J, Evans D, Loveday M, Conklin JL: The effects of recombinant human hemoglobin on esophageal motor function in humans. Gastroenterology 109:1241-1248, 1995
13. Kahrilas PJ, Kishik SM, Helm JF, Dodds WJ, Harry JM, Hogan WJ: Comparison of pseudoachalasia and achalasia. Am J Med 82:439-446, 1987
14. Manela FD, Quigley EMM, Paustian FF, Taylor RJ: Achalasia of the esophagus in association with renal cell carcinoma. Am J Gastroenterol 86:1812-1816, 1991
15. Schulze KS, Goresky CA, Jabbari M, Lough JO: Esophageal achalasia associated with gastric carcinoma: Lack of evidence for wide-spread plexus destruction. Can Med Assoc J 112:857-864, 1975
16. Kolodny M, Schrader ZR, Rubin W, Hochman R, Sleisenger MH: Esophageal achalasia probably due to gastric carcinoma. Ann Intern Med 69:569-573, 1968
17. Fredens K, Tottrup A, Kristensen IB, Dahl R, Jacobsen ND, Funch-Jensen P, Thommesen P: Severe destruction of esophageal nerves in a patient with achalasia secondary to gastric cancer. A possible role of eosinophil neurotoxic proteins. Dig Dis Sci 34:297-303, 1989
18. Tucker HJ, Snape WJ, Cohen S: Achalasia secondary to carcinoma. Manometric and clinical features. Ann Intern Med 89:315-318, 1978
19. Deviere J, Dunham F, Rickaert F, Bourgeouis N, Cremer M: Endoscopic ultrasonography in achalasia. Gastroenterology 96:1210-1213, 1989
20. Serebro HA, Venkatachalam B, Prentice RSA, Neuman AW, Beck IT: Possible pathogenesis of motility changes in diffuse esophageal spasm associated with gastric carcinoma. Can Med Assoc J 102:1257-1259, 1970
21. McCashland TM, Bashir R, Tempero MA, Quigley EMM: Dysphagia and diffuse esophageal spasm as the presenting manifestation of the glucagonoma-neuropathy syndrome. Dis Esoph 8:74-77, 1995
22. Riceardi VM: Von Recklinghausen's neurofibromatosis. N Engl J Med 305:1617-1627, 1981
23. Feinstat T, Tesluk H, Schuffler MD, Krishnamurthy S, Verlenden L, Gilles W, Prey C, Trudeau W: Megacolon and neurofibromatosis: a neuronal intestinal dysplasia. Case report and review of the literature. Gastroenterology 86:1573-1579, 1984
24. Peterson JM, Ferguson R: Gastrointestinal neurofibromatosis. J Clin Gastroenterol 61:529-534, 1984
25. Foster PN, Stewart M, Lowe JS, Atkinson M: Achalasia-like disorder of the esophagus in von Recklinghausen's neurofibromatosis. Gut 28:1522-1526, 1987
26. Carney JA, Hayles AB: Alimentary tract manifestations of MEN, type 2b. Mayo Clin Proc 52:543, 1977
27. Hofstra RM, Landsvater RM, Ceccherini I, Stulp RP, Stelwagen T, Luo Y, Posini B, Hoppener JW, van Amstel HK, Romeo G: A mutation in the RET proto-oncogene associated with MEN type 2B and sporadic medullary thyroid carcinoma. Nature 367:375-376, 1994
28. Schuchardt A, D'Agati V, Larsson-Blomberg L, Constantini F, Pachnis V: Defects in the kidney and enteric nervous system of mice lacking the tyrosine kinase receptor Ret. Nature 367:380-383, 1994
29. Ghosh P. Linder J, Gallagher TF, Quigley EMM: Achalasia of the cardia and MEN 2B. Am J Gastroenterol 89:1880-1883, 1994
30. Cuthbert JA, Gallagher ND, Tuttle JR: Colonic and esophageal disturbances in a patient with MEN 2b. Aust NZ J Med 8:518-520, 1978
31. Gilat T, Revach M, Sohar E: Deposition of amyloid in gastrointestinal tract. Gut 10:98-104, 1968
32. Legge D, Wollaeger E, Carlson H: Intestinal pseudoobstruction in systemic amyloidosis. Gut 11:764-767, 1970
33. Ikeda SI, Makishita H, Oguchi K, Yanagisawa N, Nagata T: Gastrointestinal amyloid deposition in familial amyloid polyneuropathy. Neurology 32:1364-1368, 1982
34. Battle WM, Rubin MR, Cohen S, Snape WJ Jr: Gastrointestinal motility dysfunction in amyloidosis. N Engl J Med 301:24-25, 1979
35. Costigan DJ, Clouse RE: Achalasia-like esophagus from amyloidosis. Dig Dis Sci 28:763-765, 1983
36. Gilat T, Spiro H: Amyloidosis and the gut. Am J Dig Dis 13:619-633, 1968
37. Rubinow A, Burakoff R, Cohen AS, Harris LD: Esophageal manometry in systemic amyloidosis. Am J Med 75:951-956, 1983
38. Lakhanpal S, Bunch TW, Ilstrup DM, Melton LJ III: Polymyositis-dermatomyositis and malignant lesions: Does an association exist? Mayo Clin Proc 61:645-653, 1986
39. Kleckner FS: Dermatomyositis and its manifestation in the gastrointestinal tract. Am J Gastroenterol 53:141-146, 1970
40. O'Hara M, Szemes G, Lowman R: The esophageal lesions in dermatomyositis. Radiology 89:27-31, 1967
41. DeMerieux P, Verity A, Clements PJ, Paulus HE: Esophageal abnormalities and dysphagia in polymyositis and dermatomyositis. Clinical, radiographic and pathologic features. Arthritis Rheum 20:9612-9618, 1983
42. Horowitz M, McNeil JD, Maddern GJ, Collins PJ, Shearman DJC: Abnormalities of gastric and esophageal emptying in polymyositis and dermatomyositis. Gastroenterology 90:434-439, 1986
43. Jacob H, Berkowitz D, McDonald E, Bernstein LH, Beneventano T: The esophageal motility disorder of polymyositis. A prospective study. Arch Intern Med 143:2262-2264, 1983
44. Stolinsky C: Paraneoplastic syndromes. West J Med 132:189-198, 1980
45. Lhermitte F, Gray F, Lyon-Caen O, Pertuiset BF: Paralysis of the digestive tract with lesions of the myenteric plexus: A new paraneoplastic syndrome. Rev Neurol (Paris) 136:825-836, 1980
46. Chinn JS, Schuffler MD: Paraneoplastic visceral neuropathy as a cause of severe gastrointestinal motor dysfunction. Gastroenterology 95:1279-1285, 1988
47. Berghmans T, Musch W, Brenez D, Malarme M: Paraneoplastic gastroparesis. Rev Med Brux 14:275-278, 1993
48. Gerl A, Storck M, Schalhorn A, Muller-Hocker J, Jauch KW, Schildberg FW, Wilmanns W: Paraneoplastic chronic intestinal pseudoobstruction as a rare complication of bronchial carcinoid. Gut 33:1000-1003, 1992
49. Schuffler MD, Baird W, Fleming R, Boulden TW, Malagaleda J-R, McGill DB, LeBauer SM, Abrams M, Love J: Intestinal pseudo-obstruction as the presenting manifestation of small-cell carcinoma of the lung. A paraneoplastic neuropathy of the gastrointestinal tract. Ann Intern Med 98:129-134, 1983
50. Lennon VA, Sas DF, Busk MF, Scheithauer B, Malagaleda J-R, Camilleri M, Miller LJ: Enteric neuronal antibodies in pseudoobstruction with small-cell lung cancer. Gastroenterology 100:137-142, 1991
51. Condom E, Vidal A, Rota R, Graus F, Dalman J, Ferrer I: Paraneoplastic intestinal pseudo-obstruction associated with high titer of Hu autoantibodies. Virchows Arch A Pathol Anat 423:507-511, 1993
52. Sodhi N, Camilleri M, Camoriano JK, Low PA, Fealey RD, Perry MC: Autonomic function and motility in intestinal pseudoobstruction caused by paraneoplastic syndrome. Dig Dis Sci 34:1937-1942, 1989
53. Krishnamurthy S, Schuffler M: Pathology of neuromuscular disorders of the small intestine and colon. Gastroenterology 93:610-639, 1987
54. Zaloga GP, Chernow B: Endocrine and metabolic problems in the critically ill immunocompromised patient. In The Critically Ill Immunosuppressed Patient. Diagnosis and Management. JE Parillo, H Masur (eds). Rockville, Maryland, Aspen, 1987, p 155
55. Faulk D, Anuras S, Christensen J: Chronic intestinal pseudoobstruction. Gastroenterology 74:422-431, 1978
56. Middleton W: Thyroid hormones and the gut. Gut 12:172-177, 1971
57. Christensen J, Clifton J: Esophageal manometry in myxedema. Gastroenterology 52:1130, 1967
58. Wright RA, Penner DB: Myxedema and upper esophageal dysmotility. Dig Dis Sci 26:376-377, 1981
59. Eastwood GL, Braverman LE, White EM, Vandersalm TJ: Reversal of lower esophageal sphincter hypotension and esophageal aperistalsis after treatment for hypothyroidism. J Clin Gastroenterol 4:307-310, 1982
60. Stinneford J, Koshavarzian A, Sweeney C, Nemchansky B: Abnormal esophageal motility in spinal cord injured patients. Gastroenterology 99:A1218, 1990
61. Wood JR, Camilleri M, Low PA, Malagelada J-R: Brainstem tumor presenting as an upper gut motility disorder. Gastroenterology 89:1411-1414, 1985
62. Kilman WJ, Goyal RK: Disorders of pharyngeal and upper esophageal sphincter motor function. Arch Intern Med 136:592-601, 1976
63. Pagani FD, Norman WP, Kasbekar DK, Gillis RA: Effects of stimulation of nucleus ambiguus complex on gastroduodenal function. Am J Physiol 246:G253-G262, 1984
64. Kalia M, Mesulam MM: Brainstem projections of sensory and motor components of the vagus complex in the cat. II. Laryngeal, tracheobronchial, pulmonary, cardiac and gastrointestinal branches. J Comp Neurol 193:467-508, 1980
65. Vassallo M, Camilleri M, Caron BL, Low PA: Gastrointestinal motor dysfunction in acquired selective cholinergic dysautonomia associated with infectious mononucleosis. Gastroenterology 100:252-258, 1991
66. Robertson CS, Martin BA, Atkinson M: Varicella-zoster virus DNA in the oesophageal myenteric plexus in achalasia. Gut 34:299-302, 1993
67. Khilnani MT, Keller RJ: Roentgen and pathological changes in the gastrointestinal tract in herpes zoster generaliza. Mt Sinai J Med NY 38:303-310, 1971
68. Kebede D, Barthell JS, Singh A: Transient gastroparesis associated with cutaneous herpes zoster. Dig Dis Sci 32:318-321, 1987
69. Chisholm RC, Curry SB: Vincristine-induced dysphagia. South Med J 71:1364-1365, 1978
70. Smith B: The myenteric plexus in drug-induced neuropathy. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 30:506-510, 1967
71. Mittal RK, Frank EB, Lange RC, McCallum RW: Effects of morphine and naloxone on esophageal motility and gastric emptying in man. Dig Dis Sci 31:936-942, 1986
72. Walsh D: Deep tissue traumatism from roentgen ray exposure. Br Med J 2:272-273, 1897
73. Dietel M, To TB: Major intestinal complication of radiotherapy management and nutrition. Arch Surg 122:1421-1424, 1987
74. Sher ME, Bauer J: Radiation induced enteropathy. Am J Gastroenterol 85:121-128, 1990
75. Novak JM, Collins JT, Donowitz M, Farman J, Sheahan DG, Spiro HM: Effects of radiation on the human gastrointestinal tract. J Clin Gastroenterol 1:9-39, 1979
76. Yeoh E, Holloway RH, Russo A, Tippett M, Bermingham H, Chatterton B, Horowitz M: Effects of mediastinal irradiation on oesophageal function. Gut 38:166-170, 1996
77. Novak JM, Chowdan NM: Injurious effects of radiation on the esophagus. Am J Gastroenterol 85:115-120, 1990
78. McDonald GB, Sullivan KM, Schuffler MD, Shulman HM, Thomas ED: Esophageal abnormalities in chronic graftversus-host disease in humans. Gastroenterology 80:914-921, 1981
79. Nelson KA, Walsh D: Metoclopramide in anorexia caused by cancer-associated dyspepsia syndrome. J Palliat Care 9:14-18, 1993
80. Nelson KA, Walsh D, Sheehan FG, O'Donovan PB, Falk GW: Assessment of upper gastrointestinal motility in the cancer-associated dyspepsia syndrome. J Palliat Care 9:27-31, 1993
81. Bruera E, Chadwick S, Fox R, Hanon J, Mae Donald N: Study of cardiovascular autonomic insufficiency in advanced cancer patients. Cancer Treat Rep 70:1383-1387, 1986
82. Hirsh E, Brandcnherg D, Hersh T, Scott-Brakj W: Chronic intestinal pseudoobstruction. J Clin Gastroenterol 3:247-254, 1981
83. Columbel JF, Parent M, Lescut D, Cortot A, Guillemot F, Plane C, Bonniere P, Lecomte-Honcke M, Paris JC: Paraneoplastic intestinal pseudo-obstruction as the presenting feature of small cell lung cancer. Gastroenterol Clin Biol 12:394-396. 1988
84. Borison HL, Borison R, McCarthy CE: Role of the area postrema in vomiting and related functions. Fed Proc 43:2955, 1984
85. Dubois A, Borison HL: Emesis, upper gut dysmotility, and brainstem tumors. Gastroenterology 91:265-266, 1986
86. Fealey RD, Szurszewski JH, Merritt JL, DiMagno EP: Effects of traumatic spinal cord transection on human upper gastrointestinal motility and gastric emptying. Gastroenterology 87:69-75, 1984
87. Oh JJ, Kim CH: Gastroparesis after a presumed viral illness. Clinical and laboratory features and natural history. Mayo Clin Proc 65:636-642, 1990
88. Van Thiel DH, Gavaler JS, Schade RR, Chien M-C, Starzl TE: Cytomegalovirus infection and gastric emptying. Transplantation 54:70-73, 1992
89. Meeroff JC, Schrieber DS, Trier JS, Blacklow NR: Abnormal gastric motor function in viral gastroenteritis. Ann Intern Med 92:370-373, 1980
90. Kent TH, Cannon B, Reynolds J, Osborne JW: Gastric emptying and small intestinal mucosal injury in rats. Gastroenterology 69:1246-1253, 1975.
91. Burks TF, Galligan J, Porreca F: Gastrointestinal drug receptors. J Clin Gastroenterol 5(suppl 1):29-34, 1983
92. Yukioka H, Rosen M, Evans KT, Leach KG, Hayward MWJ, Saggen GS: Gastric emptying and small bowel transit times in volunteers after intravenous morphine and nalbuphine. Anaesthesia 42:704-710, 1987
93. Shook JE, Burns TF: Psychoactive cannabinoids reduce gastrointestinal propulsion and motility in rodents. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 188:444-449, 1989
94. Sridar K, Ricci D, Lange R, McCallum RN: Effects of tetrahydrocannabinol on gastric emptying in humans. Gastroenterology 86:A1265, 1984
95. Johansson B, Jonsson D, Ljung B: Supraspinal control of the intestino-intestinal inhibitory reflex. Acta Physiol Scand 63:442-449, 1965
96. Christensen JH, Schedl H, Clifton J: The basic electrical rhythm of the duodenum in normal human subjects and in patients with thyroid disease. J Clin Invest 43:1659-1667, 1964
97. Kowalewski K, Kolodej A: Myoelectric and mechanical activity of stomach and intestines in hypothyroid dogs. Am J Dig Dis 22:235-240, 1977
98. Gue M, Jansen JL, Bueno L: The κ agonist fedotozine modulates colonic distension-induced inhibition of gastric motility and emptying in dogs. Gastroenterology 107:1327-1334, 1994
99. Youle M, Read NW: Effect of painless rectal distension on gastrointestinal transit of solid meal. Dig Dis Sci 29:902-906, 1984
100. Van Wijk HJ, Smout AJPM, Akkermans LMA, Roelofs JM, ten Thije OJ: Gastric emptying and dyspeptic symptoms in the irritable bowel syndrome. Scand J Gastroenterol 27:99-102, 1992
101. Azpiroz F, Malagelada J-R: Perception and reflex relaxation of the stomach in response to gut distension. Gastroenterology 98:1193-1198, 1990
102. Shivshunker K, Bennet RW, Haynie TF: Tumor-associated gastroparesis: Correction with metoclopramide. Am J Surg 145:221-225, 1983
103. Feng M: Motilin concentration and intragastric pressure in patients with gastric cancer. Chin J Med 15:365-367, 1993
104. Verne GN, Snisky CA: Chronic intestinal pseudoobstruction. Dig Dis 13:163-181, 1995
105. Wald A, Kiehler J. Mendelow H: Amyloidosis and chronic intestinal pseudoobstruction. Dig Dis Sci 26:462-465, 1981
106. Fraser AG, Arthur JF, Hamilton I: Intestinal pseudoobstruction secondary to amyloidosis responsive to cisapride. Dig Dis Sci 36:532-535, 1991
107. Korelitz BI, Spindell LN: Gastrointestinal amyloidosis: report of a case and review of the clinical and radiological aspects. J Mt Sinai Hosp 23:683-696, 1956
108. Camilleri M, Malagelada J-R, Stanghellini V, Fealey RD, Sheps SG: Gastrointestinal motility disturbances in patients with orthostatic hypotension. Gastroenterology 88:1852-1859, 1985
109. Malkinson FD, Rothman FS: Changes in gastrointestinal tract in scleroderma and other diffuse connective tissue diseases. Am J Gastroenterol 26:414-432, 1956
110. Ahmed MN, Carpenter S: Autonomic neuropathy and carcinoma of the lung. Can Med Assoc J 113:410-412, 1975
111. Salerno N, Grey N: Myxedema pseudoobstruction. AJR 130:175-176, 1978
112. Abbasi AA, Douglass RC, Bissell GW, Chen Y: Myxedema ileus. A form of intestinal pseudoobstruction. JAMA 23:181-185, 1975
113. Taybi H, Keele D: Hypoparathyroidism: a review of the literature and report of two cases in sisters, one with steatorrhea and intestinal pseudoobstruction. AJR Radium Ther Nucl Med 88:432-442, 1962
114. Shafer RB, Prentiss RF, Bond JH: Gastrointestinal transit in thyroid disease. Gastroenterology 86:852-855, 1984
115. Tobin MV, Fisken RA, Diggory RT, Morris AI: Orocecal transit time in health and in thyroid disease. Gut 30:26-29, 1989
116. Duret RL, Bastenie MD: Intestinal disorders in hypothyroidism. Clinical and manometric study. Am J Dig Dis 16:723-727, 1971
117. Mullen JP, Cartwright RC, Tisherman SE, Misage JR, Shapiro AP: Case report: Pathogenesis and pharmacologic management of pseudoobstruction of the bowel in pheochromocytoma. Am J Med Sci 290:155-158, 1985
118. Turner CE: Gastrointestinal pseudoobstruction due to pheochromocytoma. Am J Gastroenterol 78:214-217, 1983
119. Hashimoto Y, Motoyoshi S, Maruyama H, Sakakida M, Yano T, Yamaguchi K, Goto K, Sugihara S, Takano S, Kambara T: The treatment of pheochromocytoma associated with pseudoobstruction and perforation of colon, hepatic failure and disseminated intravascular coagulation. Jpn J Med 29:341-346, 1990
120. Grossman E, Krecht A, Holtzman E, Nussinovich N, Rosenthal T: Uncommon presentation of pheochromocytoma: case studies. Angiology 36:759-765, 1985
121. Watken DFL: Spinal ileus. Br J Surg 57:142-148, 1970
122. Fujii N, Tabira T, Shibasaki H, Kuroiwa Y, Ohnishi A, Nagaki J: Acute autonomic and sensory neuropathy associated with elevated EBV antibody titer. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 45:656-658, 1982
123. Sonsino E, Mouy R, Foucaud P, Cezard JP, Aigrain Y, Bocquet L, Navarro J: Intestinal pseudoobstruction related to CMV infection of myenteric plexus. N Engl J Med 311:196-197, 1984
124. Mathias JR, Baskin GS, Reeves-Darby VG, Clench MH, Smith LL, Calhoon JH: Chronic intestinal pseudoobstruction in a patient with heart-lung transplant. Therapeutic effect of leuprolide acetate. Dig Dis Sci 37:1761-1768, 1992
125. Chang AE, Young NA, Reddick RL, Orenstein JM, Hosea SW, Katz P, Brennan MF: Small bowel obstruction as a complication of varicella-zoster infection. Surgery 83:371-374, 1978
126. Wyburn-Mason R: Visceral lesions in herpes zoster. Br J Med 1:578-581, 1957
127. Gesser RM, Valyi-Nagy T, Fraser NW, Altschuler SM: Oral inoculation of SCID mice with an attenuated HIV-1 strain causes persistent enteric nervous system infection and gastric ulcers without direct mucosal infection. Lab Invest 73:880-889, 1995
128. Gesser RM, Valyi-Nagy T, Altschuler SM, Fraser NW: Oralesophageal inoculation of mice with HSV type 1 causes latent infection of the vagal sensory ganglia (nodose ganglia). J Gen Virol 75:2379-2386, 1994
129. Milner G: Gastro-intestinal side effects and psychotropic drugs. Med J Aust 2:153-155, 1969
130. Sninsky CA: Vincristine alters myoelectric activity and transit of the small intestine in rats. Gastroenterology 92:472-478, 1987
131. Rogers M, Cerda J: The narcotic bowel syndrome. J Clin Gastroenterol 11:132-135, 1989
132. Trier JS, Browning TH: Morphologic response of the mucosa of human small intestine to x-ray exposure. J Clin Invest 45:194-204, 1966
133. Fernandez-Banares F, Villa S, Esteve M, Roca M, Cabre E, Abad-Lacruz A, Martin-Comin J, Gassull MA: Acute effects of abdominopelvic irradiation on the orocecal transit time: its relation to clinical symptoms and bile salt and lactose metabolism. Am J Gastroenterol 86:1771-1777, 1991
134. Summers RW, Flatt AJ, Prihoda MJ, Mitros FA: Effect of irradiation on morphology and motility in canine small intestine. Dig Dis Sci 32:1402-1410, 1987
135. Gallund RB, Spencer J: The natural history of clinically established radiation enteritis. Lancet 1:1257-1258, 1985
136. Husebye E, Hauer-Jensen M, Kjorstad K, Skar V: Severe late radiation enteropathy is characterized by impaired motility of the proximal small intestine. Dig Dis Sci 39:2341-2349, 1995
137. Husebye E, Skar V, Hovekstad T, Iversen T, Melby K: Abnormal intestinal motor patterns explain colonization with gram-negative bacilli in late radiation enteropathy. Gastroenterology 109:1078-1089, 1995
138. Conklin JL, Anuras S: Radiation-induced recurrent intestinal pseudo-obstruction. Am J Gastroenterol 75:440-444, 1981
139. Perino LE, Schuffler MD, Mehta SJ, Everson GT: Radiation-induced intestinal pseudoobstruction. Gastroenterology 91:994-998, 1986
140. Dawson DJ, Sciberral CM, Whitwell H: Coeliac disease presenting with intestinal pseudo-obstruction. Gut 25:1003-1008, 1984
141. Cluysenaer DJ, van Tongenen JH: Coeliac disease presenting with intestinal pseudo-obstruction. Gut 26:538, 1985
142. Eck SL, Morse JH, Janssen DA, Emerson SG, Markovitz DM: Angioedema presenting as chronic gastrointestinal symptoms. Am J Gastroenterol 88:436-439, 1993
143. Camilleri M, Brown ML, Malagelada J-R: Impaired transit of chyme in chronic intestinal pseudoobstruction. Correction with cisapride. Gastroenterology 91:619-626, 1986
144. McDonald GB, Schuffler MD, Kadin ME, Tytgat GNJ: Intestinal pseudoobstruction caused by diffuse lymphoid infiltration of the small intestine. Gastroenterology 89:882-889, 1985
145. Selby WS, Gallagher ND: Malignancy in a 19-year experience of adult celiac disease. Dig Dis Sci 24:684-688, 1979
146. Holmes GK, Prior P, Lane MR, Pope D, Allan RN: Malignancy in coeliac disease - effect of gluten free diet. Gut 30:333-338, 1989
147. Khojasteh A, Haghsherass M, Haghighi P: Immunoproliferative small intestinal disease: A "third-world" lesion. N Engl J Med 308:1401-1405, 1983
148. Bollinger SA, Quigley EMM: Disorders of gastrointestinal motility. In The Gastrointestinal Surgical Patient. Preoperative and Postoperative Care. EMM Quigley, MF Sorrell (eds). Baltimore, Williams & Wilkins, 1994, pp 157-174
149. Anuras S, Shirazi S: Colonic pseudoobstruction. Am J Gastroenterol 79:525-532, 1984
150. Baker DA, Morin ME, Tan F, Sue HK: Colonic ileus, indication for prompt decompression. JAMA 241:2633-2634, 1979
151. DiBaise JK, Quigley EMM: Fatal diffuse invasive gastrointestinal candidiasis masking as ileus after bone marrow transplantation. Case report and review of the literature. J Clin Gastroenterol 24:165-168, 1997
152. Schiller GJ, Nimer SO, Gajewski JL, Golde DW: Abdominal presentation of varicella-zoster infection in recipients of allogeneic-bone marrow transplantation. Bone Marrow Transplant 7:489-491, 1991
153. Pai NB, Murthy RS, Kumar HT, Gerst PH: Association of acute colonic pseudo-obstruction (Ogilvie's syndrome) with herpes zoster. Am Surg 56:691-694, 1990
154. Nomdedeu JF, Nomdedeu J, Martino R, Bordes R, Portorreal R, Sureda A, Domingo-Albos A, Rutllant M, Soler J: Ogilvie's syndrome from disseminated varicella-zoster infection and infarcted celiac ganglia. J Clin Gastroenterol 20:157-159, 1995
155. Anand A, Glatt AE: Clostridium difficile infection associated with antineoplastic medication. Clin Infect Dis 17:109-113, 1993
156. Goldmeier D, Bateman JRM, Rodin P: Urinary retention and intestinal obstruction associated with ano-rectal herpes simplex virus infection. Br J Med 2:425, 1975
157. Nalesnik MA: Involvement of the gastrointestinal tract by EBV-associated posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder. Am J Surg Pathol 14(suppl 1):92-100, 1990
158. Zutter MM, Martin PJ, Sale GE, Shulman HM, Fisher L, Thomas D, Durnam DM: Epstein-barr virus lymphoproliferation after bone marrow transplantation. Blood 72:520-529, 1988
159. Spira IA, Rodrigues R, Wolff WI: Pseudo-obstruction of the colon. Am J Gastroenterol 126:7-12, 1976
160. Melamed M, Rabushka SE, Melamed JL: Colon ileus associated with low spine disease. Clin Radiol 20:47-51, 1969
161. Watkin DFL: Spinal ileus. Br J Surg 57:142-148, 1970
162. Ogilvie H: Large-intestine colic due to sympathetic deprivation: A new clinical syndrome. Br Med J 2:671-673, 1948
163. Rex DK: Acute colonic pseudo-obstruction (Ogilvie's syndrome). Gastroenterologist 2:233-238, 1994
164. Nanni G, Garbini A, Luchetti P, Nanni G, Rononi P. Castagneto M: Ogilvie's syndrome (acute colonic pseudo-obstruction). Dis Colon Rectum 25:157-166, 1982
165. Chaimoff CH, Dintsman M: The pseudo-obstruction of bowel syndrome. A suggestion of a simple surgical remedy. Am J Proctol 25:39-47, 1974
166. Drew H: Ileus in retroperitoneal haematoma. Med J Aust 1:246-248, 1973
167. Mowat AM, Ferguson A: Hypersensitivity reactions in the small intestine. 6. Pathogenesis of the graft-versus-host reaction in the small intestinal mucosa of the mouse. Transplantation 32:238-243, 1981
168. Stellato TA, Shenk RR: Gastrointestinal emergencies in the oncology patient. Semin Oncol 16:521-531, 1989
169. Thaler SJ, Compton CC: A 39-year-old man with diarrhea and abdominal pain after chemotherapy for acute leukemia (case presentation). N Engl J Med 336:277-284, 1997
170. Warnes H, Lehman HE, Ban TA: Adynamic ileus during psychoactive medication: A report of 3 fatal and 5 severe cases. Can Med Assoc J 96:1112-1113, 1967
171. Liebmann J, Friedman K: Adynamic ileus in a patient with non-small-cell lung cancer after treatment with vinorelbine. Am J Med 101:658-659, 1996
172. Slavin RE, Dias MA, Saral R: Cytosine arabinoside induced gastrointestinal toxic alterations in sequential chemotherapeutic protocols. A clinical pathologic study of 33 patients. Cancer 42:1747-1754, 1978
173. Ely P, Dunitz J, Rogosheske J, Weisdorf D: Use of a somatostatin analogue, octreotide acetate, in the management of acute graft-versus-host disease. Ann Intern Med 40:707-710, 1991
174. Lopez MJ, Memula N, Dass LL, Johnson WD: Pseudo-obstruction of the colon during pelvic radiotherapy. Dis Colon Rectum 24:201-204, 1981
175. McDonald GB, Tirumali N: Intestinal and liver toxicity of anti-neoplastic drugs. West J Med 140:250-259, 1984
176. Phat VN, Sezeur A, Danne M, Dupuis D, dela Vaissiere G, Camilleri JP: Primary myenteric plexus alterations as a cause of megacolon in von Recklinghausen's disease. Pathol Biol (Paris) 18:585-588, 1980
177. Griffiths AM, Mack DR, Byard RW, Stringer DA, Shandling B: Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2b: An unusual cause of chronic constipation. J Pediatr 116:285-288, 1990
178. DeSchyver-Kecskemeti K, Clouse RE, Goldstein MN, Gersell D, O'Neal L: Intestinal ganglioneuromatosis. A manifestation of overproduction of a nerve growth factor? N Engl J Med 308:635-639, 1983
179. Dunzendorfer T, Lee VW. Levine S, Morenos AD, Beazley RM, Chipkin S: Refractory constipation and megacolon in MEN 2b. Dig Dis Sci 116:285-288, 1996
180. Gifford RW, Kvale WF, Maher FT, Roth GM, Priestley JT: Clinical features, diagnosis and treatment of pheochromocytoma: A review of 76 cases. Mayo Clin Proc 39:281-302, 1964
181. Duffy TJ, Erickson EE, Jordan GL, Bennett HD: Megacolon and bilateral pheochromocytoma. Am J Gastroenterol 38:555-563, 1962
182. Dunlap JA: Ogilvie's syndrome of false colonic obstruction. Br Med J 1:890-892, 1949
183. Reynolds BJ, Eliasson SG Colonic pseudoobstruction in patients with stroke. Ann Neurol 1:305, 1977
184. Weber J, Denis Ph, Mihout B, Muller JM, Blanquart F, Galmiche JP, Simon P, Pasquis P: Effects of brain-stem lesion on colonic and anorectal motility. Study of three patients. Dig Dis Sci 30:419-425, 1985
185. deGroat WC: Central control of the lower urinary tract. In Neurobiology of Incontinence. G Bock, J Whelan (eds). Chichester, John Wiley & Sons, 1990, pp 27-44
186. Camilleri M: Disorders of gastrointestinal motility in neurologic diseases. Mayo Clin Proc 65:825-846, 1990
187. Solano FX, Starling RC, Levey GS: Myxedema megacolon. Arch Intern Med 145:231, 1985
188. Mahon SM: Signs and symptoms associated with malignancy-induced hypercalcemia. Cancer Nurs 12:153-160, 1989
189. Ralston SH, Gallacher SJ, Patel U, Campbell J, Boyle IT: Cancer-associated hypercalcemia: morbidity and mortality. Clinical experience in 126 treated patients. Ann Intern Med 112:499-504, 1989
190. Mundy GR, Ibbotson KJ, D'Souza SM, Simpson EL, Jacobs JW, Martin TJ: The hypercalcemia of cancer. Clinical implications and pathogenic mechanisms. N Engl J Med 310:1718-1727, 1984
191. Van Ness MM, Cattan EL: Fulminant colitis complicating antibiotic-associated pseudomembranous colitis: Case report and review of the clinical manifestations and treatment. Am J Gastroenterol 82:374-377, 1987
192. Kelly CP, Pothoulakis C, Lamont JT: Clostridium difficile colitis. N Engl J Med 330:257-262, 1994
193. Velanovich V, LaPorta AJ, Garrett WL, Richards TB, Cornett PA: Pseudomembranous colitis leading to toxic megacolon associated with antineoplastic chemotherapy: Report of a case and review of the literature. Dis Colon Rectum 35:369-372, 1992
194. Pothoulakis C, Lamont JT: Clostridium difficile colitis and diarrhea. Gastroenterol Clin North Am 22:623-637, 1993
195. Kesner KM, Bar-Maer JA: Herpes zoster causing apparent low colonic obstruction. Dis Colon Rectum 22:503-504, 1979
196. Figiel SJ, Figiel LS: Herpes zoster with ileus simulating intestinal obstruction. Am J Med 23:999-1002, 1957
197. Anuras S: Role of calmodulin in slow wave generation of the cat colon. Clin Res 29:A758, 1981
198. Talley NJ, Phillips SF, Haddad A, Miller LJ, Twomey C, Zinsmeister AR, MacCarty RL, Ciociola A: GR38032F (ondansetron), a selective 5-HT, receptor antagonist, slows colonic transit in healthy man. Dig Dis Sci 35:477-480, 1990
199. Gore S, Gilmore IT, Haigh CG, Brownless SM, Stockdale H, Morris AI: Colonic transit in man is slowed by ondansetron (GR38032F) a selective 5-hydroxytrytamine receptor (type 3) antagonist. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 4:139-144, 1990
200. Quigley EMM: Enteric neuropathology: Recent advances and implications for clinical practice. Gastroenterologist 5:233-241, 1997