Belowground effects of canopy gaps in a tropical wet forest

Ecology

Volumn 79, Issue 4, 1998, Pages 1294-1304

  Ostertag, Rebecca ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA   (United States)

Author keywords

Canopy gaps; Disturbance; Environmental heterogeneity; Forest dynamics; Nutrients; Root competition; Root gaps; Root proliferation index; Trenching

Indexed keywords

BELOWGROUND BIOMASS; CANOPY GAP; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; REGENERATION; ROOT;

COSTA RICA;

HAMPEA APPENDICULATA;

EID: 0031847976     PISSN: 00129658     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1890/0012-9658(1998)079[1294:BEOCGI]2.0.CO;2     Document Type: Article

References (75)

1. Alvarez-Buylla, E. R., and R. García-Barrios. 1991. Seed and forest dynamics: a theoretical framework and an ex- ample from the neotropics. American Naturalist 137:133-154.
2. Anderson, J. M., and J. S. I. Ingram. 1993. Tropical soil biology and fertility: a handbook of methods. Second edition. CAB International, Wallingford, UK.
3. Becker, P., P. E. Rabenold, J. R. Idol, and A. P. Smith. 1988. Water potential gradients for gaps and slopes in a Panamanian tropical moist forest dry season. Journal of Tropical Ecology 4:173-184.
4. Bilbrough, C. J., and M. M. Caldwell. 1995. The effects of shading and N status on root proliferation in nutrient patches by the perennial grass Agropyron desertorum in the field. Oecologia 103:10-16.
5. Braker, H. E., and R. L. Chazdon. 1992. Ecological, behavioral, and nutritional factors influencing use of palms as host plains by a Neotropical forest grasshopper. Journal of Tropical Ecology 9:181-195.
6. Brandani, A., G. S. Hartshorn, and G. H. Orians. 1988. Internal heterogeneity of gaps and species richness in Costa Rican tropical wet forest. Journal of Tropical Ecology 4:99-119.
7. Brokaw, N. V. L. 1982. The definition of a treefall gap and its effect on measures of forest dynamics. Biotropica 14:158-160.
8. _. 1985. Treefalls, regrowth, and community structure in tropical forests. Pages 53-69 in S. T. A. Pickett and P. S. White, editors. The ecology of natural disturbance and patch dynamics. Academic Press, San Diego, California, USA.
9. Campbell, B. D., and J. P. Grime. 1989. A comparative study of plant responsiveness to the duration of episodes of mineral enrichment. New Phytologist 112:261-267.
10. Cavelier, J., J. Estevez, and B. Arjona. 1996. Fine root biomass in three successional stages of an Andean cloud forest in Colombia. Biotropica 28:728-736.
11. Chazdon, R. L., and N. Fetcher, 1984. Photosynthetic light environments in a lowland tropical rain forest in Costa Rica. Journal of Ecology 72:553-564.
12. Chazdon, R. L., and C. B. Field. 1987. Photographic estimation of photosynthetically active radiation: evaluation of a computerized technique. Oecologia 73:525-532.
13. Clark, D. A., D. B. Clark, R. Sandoval, and M. V. Castro. 1995. Landscape-scale variation in community structure of neotropical rain forest palms: edaphic and human effects. Ecology 76:2581-2594.
14. Connell, J. H. 1989. Some processes affecting the species composition in forest gaps. Ecology 70:560-562.
15. Crick, J. C., and J. P. Grime. 1987. Morphological plasticity and mineral nutrient capture in two herbaceous species of contrasted ecology. New Phytologist 107:403-414.
16. Croat, T. B. 1978. Flora of Barro Colorado Island. Stanford University Press. Stanford. California, USA.
17. Cuevas, E., and E. Medina. 1988. Nutrient dynamics within Amazonian forests. II. Fine root growth, nutrient availability, and leaf litter decomposition. Oecologia 76:222-235.
18. Denslow, J. S. 1980. Gap partitioning among tropical rainforest trees. Biotropica 12(Supplement):47-55.
19. _. 1987. Tropical rainforest gaps and tree species diversity. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 18: 431-451.
20. Denslow, J. S., and G. S. Hartshorn. 1994. Tree-fall gap environments and forest dynamic processes. Pages 120-127 in L. A. McDade, K. S. Bawa, H. A. Hespenhide, and G. S. Hartshorn, editors. La Selva: ecology and natural history of a neotropical rain forest. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
21. Denslow, J. S., E. Newell, and A. M. Ellison. 1991. The effect of understory palms and cyclanths on the growth and survival of Inga seedlings. Biotropica 23:225-234.
22. Denslow, J. S., J. C. Schultz, P. M. Vitousek, and B. R. Strain. 1990. Growth responses of tropical shrubs to treefall gap environments. Ecology 71:165-179.
23. Denslow, J. S., P. M. Vitousek, and J. C. Schultz. 1987. Bioassays of nutrient limitation in a tropical rain forest soil. Oecologia 74:370-376.
24. Drew, M. C. 1975. Comparison of the effects of a localized supply of phosphate, nitrate, ammonium, and potassium in the growth of the seminal root system, and the shoot, in barley. New Phytologist 75:479-490.
25. Ehrenfeld, J. G., W. Zhu, and W. F. J. Parsons. 1995. Above-and below-ground characteristics of persistent forest openings in the New Jersey Pinelands. Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club 122:298-305.
26. Eissenstat, D. M., and M. M. Caldwell. 1989. Seasonal timing of root growth into favorable microsites. Ecology 69: 870-873.
27. Friend, A. L., M. R. Eide, and T. M. Hinckley. 1990. Nitrogen stress alters root proliferation in Douglas-fir seedlings. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 20:1524-1529.
28. Gerwing, J. J. 1995. Competitive effects of three tropical tree species on two species of Piper. Biotropica 27:47-56.
29. Hartshorn, G. S. 1980. Neotropical forest dynamics. Biotropica 12 (supplement):23-30.
30. _. 1983. Plants: introduction. Pages 118-183 in D. H. Janzen, editor. Costa Rican natural history. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
31. Huston, M. A. 1982. The effect of soil nutrients and light on tree growth and interactions during tropical forest succession: experiments in Costa Rica. Dissertation. University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
32. Jackson, R. B., and M. M. Caldwell. 1989. The timing and degree of root proliferation in fertile-soil microsites for three cold-desert perennials. Oecologia 81:149-153.
33. Jackson, R. B., J. H. Manwaring, and M. M. Caldwell. 1990. Rapid physiological adjustment of roots to localized soil enrichment. Nature 344:58-60.
34. Lemon, P. E. 1956. A spherical densiometer for estimating forest overstory density. Forest Science 2:313-320.
35. Levey, D. J. 1988. Treefall gaps in a tropical wet forest and the distribution of understory birds and plants. Ecology 69: 1076-1089.
36. Lieberman, D., M. Lieberman, R. Peralta, and G. S. Hartshorn. 1985. Mortality patterns and stand turnover rates in a wet tropical forest in Costa Rica. Journal of Ecology 73:915-924.
37. Lodge, D. J., W. H. McDowell, and C. P. McSwiney. 1994. The importance of nutrient pulses in tropical forests. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 9:384-387.
38. Matson, P. A., and R. D. Boone. 1984. Natural disturbance and nitrogen mineralization: wave-form dieback of mountain hemlock in the Oregon Cascades. Ecology 65:1511-1516.
39. Mladenoff, D. 1987. Dynamics of nitrogen mineralization and nitrification in hemlock and hardwood treefall gaps. Ecology 68:1171-1180.
40. Montgomery, D. C. 1991. Design and analysis of experiments. Third edition. John Wiley and Sons, New York, New York, USA.
41. Murray, K. G. 1988. Avian seed dispersal of three neotropical gap-dependent plants. Ecological Monographs 58:271-298.
42. Newman, E. I. 1966. A method of estimating the total length of root in a sample. Journal of Applied Ecology 3:139-145.
43. Nye, P. H., and P. B. Tinker. 1977. Solute movement in the soil-root system. University of California Press. Berkeley, California, USA.
44. Orians, G. H. 1982. The influence of tree-falls in tropical forests on tree species richness. Tropical Ecology 23:255-279.
45. Parker, G. G. 1994. Soil fertility, nutrient acquisition, and nutrient cycling. Pages 54-63 in L. A. McDade, K. S. Bawa, H. A. Hespenhide, and G. S. Hartshorn, editors. La Selva: ecology and natural history of a neotropical rain forest. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
46. Parrotta, J. A., and D. J. Lodge. 1991. Fine root dynamics in a subtropical wet forest following hurricane disturbance in Puerto Rico. Biotropica 23:343-347.
47. Parsons, W. F. J., S. L. Miller, and D. H. Knight. 1994a. Root-gap dynamics in a lodgepole pine forest: nitrogen transformations in gaps of different size. Ecological Applications 4:354-362.
48. Parsons, W. F. J., S. L. Miller, and D. H. Knight. 1994b. Root-gap dynamics in a lodgepole pine forest: ectomycorrhizal and nonmycorrhizal fine root activity after experimental gap formation. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 24:1531-1538.
49. Potvin, C., and D. A. Roff. 1993. Distribution-free and robust statistical methods: viable alternatives to parametric statistics? Ecology 74:1617-1628.
50. Pregitzer, K. S., R. L. Hendrick, and R. Fogel. 1993. The demography of fine roots in response to patches of water and nitrogen. New Phytologist 125:575-580.
51. Putz, F. E. 1983. Treefall pits and mounds, buried seeds, and the importance of soil disturbance to pioneer trees on Barro Colorado Island, Panama. Ecology 64:1069-1074.
52. Raich, J. W., R. H. Riley, and P. M. Vitousek. 1994. Use of root-ingrowth cores to assess nutrient limitation in forest ecosystems. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 24:2135-2138.
53. Ricklefs, R. E. 1977. Environmental heterogeneity and plant species diversity, a hypothesis. American Naturalist 111: 376-381.
54. Riley, R. H., and P. M. Vitousek. 1994. Nutrient dynamics and nitrogen trace gas flux during ecosystem development in montane rain forest. Ecology 76:292-304.
55. Sanford, R. E., Jr. 1989. Fine root biomass under a tropical forest light gap opening in Costa Rica. Journal of Tropical Ecology 5:251-256.
56. _. 1990. Fine root biomass under light gap openings in an Amazon rain forest. Oecologia 83:541-545.
57. Sanford, R. L., Jr., H. E. Braker, and G. S. Hartshorn. 1986. Canopy openings in a primary neotropical lowland forest. Journal of Tropical Ecology 2:277-282.
58. Sanford, R. L., Jr., P. Paaby, J. C. Luvall, and E. Phillips. 1994. Climate, geomorphology, and aquatic systems. Pages 19-33 in L. A. McDade, K. S. Bawa, H. A. Hespenhide, and G. S. Hartshorn, editors. La Selva: ecology and natural history of a neotropical rain forest. University of Chicago Press, Chicago. Illinois, USA.
59. SAS Institute. 1988. SAS/STAT user's guide. Release 6.03 edition. SAS Institute Incorporated. Gary, North Carolina. USA.
60. Silver, W. L., and K. A. Vogt. 1993. Fine root dynamics following single and multiple disturbances in a subtropical wet forest ecosystem. Journal of Ecology 81:729-738.
61. Smucker, A. J. M., S. L. McBurney, and A. K. Srivastava. 1982. Quantitative separation of roots from compacted soil profiles by the hydropneumatic elutriation system. Agronomy Journal 74:500-503.
62. Sollins, P., F. Sancho M., R. Mata Ch., and R. L. Sanford. Jr. 1994. Soils and soil process research. Pages 34-53 in L. A. McDade, K. S. Bawa, H. A. Hespenhide, and G. S. Hartshorn, editors. La Selva: ecology and natural history of a neotropical rain forest. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
63. St. John, T. V. 1983. Response of tree roots to decomposing organic matter in two lowland Amazonian rain forests. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 13:346-349.
64. Tanner, E. V. J., V. Kapos, and W. Franco. 1992. Nitrogen and phosphorus fertilization effects on Venezuelan montane forest trunk growth and litterfall. Ecology 73:78-86.
65. Tanner, E. V. J., V. Kapos, S. Freskos, J. R. Healey, and A. M. Theobald. 1990. Nitrogen and phosphorus fertilization of Jamaican montane forest trees. Journal of Tropical Ecology 6:231-238.
66. Tennant, D. 1975. A test of a modified line intercept method of estimating root length. Journal of Ecology 63:995-1001.
67. Topp, G. C., J. L. Davis, and A. P. Annan. 1980. Electromagnetic determination of soil water content: measurements in coaxial transmission lines. Water Resources Research 16:574-582.
68. Topp, G. C., J. L. Davis, and A. P. Annan. 1982. Electromagnetic determination of soil water content using TDR: II. Evaluation of installation and configuration of parallel transmission lines. Soil Science Society of America Journal 46:678-684.
69. Turner, I. M., N. D. Brown, and A. C. Newton. 1993. The effect of fertilizer application on dipterocarp seedling growth and mycorrhizal infection. Forest Ecology and Management 57:329-337.
70. Uhl, C., K. Clark, N. Dezzeo, and P. Maquirrino. 1988. Vegetation dynamics in Amazonian treefall gaps. Ecology 69: 751-763.
71. Vitousek, P. M., and J. S. Denslow. 1986. Nitrogen and phosphorous availability in treefall gaps of a lowland tropical forest. Journal of Ecology 74:1167-1178.
72. Vitousek, P. M., and J. S. Denslow. 1987. Differences in extractable phosphorus among soils of La Selva Biological Station, Costa Rica. Biotropica 19:167-170.
73. 3 extracts from soil. Soil Science Society of America Proceedings 29:677-678.
74. Wilczynski, C. J., and S. T. A. Pickett. 1993. Fine root bio- mass within experimental canopy gaps: evidence for a belowground gap. Journal of Vegetation Science 4:571-574.
75. Wilson, S. D., and D. Tilman. 1993. Plant competition and resource availability in response to disturbance and fertilization. Ecology 74:599-611.