Simultaneous confocal lifetime imaging of multiple fluorophores using the intensity-modulated multiple-wavelength scanning (IMS) technique

Journal of Microscopy

Volumn 191, Issue 2, 1998, Pages 119-127

  Carlsson, K ^a   Liljeborg, A ^a,b  

^a ROYAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY   (Sweden)

^b KAROLINSKA INSTITUTE   (Sweden)

Author keywords

Confocal microscopy; Fluorescence lifetime imaging; Signal to noise ratio

Indexed keywords

FLUORESCENCE IMAGING; SIGNAL TO NOISE RATIO;

CONFOCAL MICROSCOPES; FLUORESCENCE LIFETIME IMAGING; INTENSITY-MODULATED; LASER ILLUMINATION; LIFETIME IMAGING; LOCK-IN DETECTION; MODULATED LASERS; MULTIPLE WAVELENGTHS; SIMULTANEOUS RECORDING; WAVELENGTH SCANNING TECHNIQUE;

FLUOROPHORES;

AMPLITUDE MODULATION; ARTICLE; CONFOCAL MICROSCOPY; FREQUENCY MODULATION; ILLUMINATION; IMAGE QUALITY; IMAGING SYSTEM; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SIGNAL NOISE RATIO;

EID: 0031847936     PISSN: 00222720     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2818.1998.00362.x     Document Type: Article

References (17)

1. Åslund, N. & Carlsson, K. (1993) Confocal scanning microfluorometry of dual-labelled specimens using two excitation wavelengths and lock-in detection technique. Micron. 24, 603-609.
2. Buurman, E.P., Sanders, R., Draaijer, A., Gerritsen, H.C., van Veen, J.J.F., Houpt, P.M. & Levine, Y.K. (1992) Fluorescence lifetime imaging using a confocal laser scanning microscope. Scanning, 14, 155-159.
3. Carlsson, K., Wallén, P. & Brodin, L. (1989) Three-dimensional imaging of neurons by confocal fluorescence microscopy. J. Microsc. 155, 15-26.
4. Carlsson, K., Åslund, N., Mossberg, K. & Philip, J. (1994) Simultaneous confocal recording of multiple fluorescent labels with improved channel separation. J. Microsc. 176, 287-299.
5. Carlsson, K. (1995) Signal-to-noise ratio for confocal microscopy when using the Intensity-modulated Multiple-beam Scanning (IMS) technique. Micron. 26, 317-322.
6. Carlsson, K. & Liljeborg, A. (1997) Confocal fluorescence microscopy using spectral and lifetime information to simultaneously record four fluorophores with high channel separation. J. Microsc. 185, 37-46.
7. Gadella, T.W.J., Clegg, R.M. & Jovin, T.M. (1994) Fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy: pixel-by-pixel analysis of phase-modulation data. Bioimaging, 2, 139-159.
8. Lakowicz, J.R. & Berndt, K.W. (1991) Lifetime-selective fluorescence imaging using an rf phase-sensitive camera. Rev. Sci. Instrum. 62, 1727-1734.
9. Lakowicz, J.R., Szmacinski, H., Nowaczyk, K., Berndt, K.W. & Johnson, M. (1992a) Fluorescence lifetime imaging. Anal. Biochem. 202, 316-330.
10. Lakowicz, J.R., Szmacinski, H., Nowaczyk, K. & Johnson, M.L. (1992b) Fluorescence lifetime imaging of calcium using Quin-2. Cell Calcium, 13, 131-147.
11. + and glucose. Sens. Act. B, 11, 133-143.
12. Morgan, C.G., Mitchell, A.C. & Murray, J.G. (1990) Nanosecond time-resolved fluorescence microscopy: principles and practice. Trans. R. Microsc. Soc. Vol. 1 (ed. by H. Y. Elder), pp. 463-466.
13. Müller, M., Ghauharali, R., Visscher, K. & Brakenhoff, G.J. (1995) Double-pulse fluorescence lifetime imaging in confocal microscopy. J. Microsc. 177, 171-179.
14. Oida, T., Sako, Y. & Kusumi, A. (1993) Fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (flimscopy). Biophys. J. 64, 676-685.
15. Patwardhan, A. & Manders, E.M.M. (1996) Three-colour confocal microscopy with improved colocalization capability and cross-talk suppression. Bioimaging, 4, 17-24.
16. So, P.T.C., French, T., Yu, W.M., Berland, K.M., Dong, C.Y. & Gratton, E. (1995) Time-resolved fluorescence microscopy using two-photon excitation. Bioimaging, 3, 49-63.
17. Spencer, R.D. & Weber, G. (1969) Measurements of subnanosecond fluorescence lifetimes with a cross-correlation phase fluorometer. Ann. NY Acad. Sci. 158, 361-376.