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An earlier version of this paper was presented at the Seminar on Research for Mountain Area Development: Europe, held at Abisko, September 1997. JEG is grateful to Anders Rapp and the Royal Swedish Academy for the invitation to attend the Seminar, to the Royal Swedish Academy for financial support and to the participants for helpful discussion. We also thank the referees for constructive comments. It is also a pleasure to record our debt to the following who have influenced our thinking about the Cairngorms: Colin Ballantyne, Rikck Battarbee, Neil Bayfield, John Birks, Charles Gimmingham, Ian Gneve, Derek Ratcliffe, David Sugden and Adam Watson.
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