Human placentation: Transplantation or tumour model?;Die plazentation beim menschen: Ein transplantations- oder tumormodell?

Zeitschrift fur Geburtshilfe und Neonatologie

Volumn 202, Issue 2, 1998, Pages 47-54

  Marzusch, Klaus ^a   Dietl, Johannes ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF WÜRZBURG   (Germany)

Author keywords

Human pregnancy; Metalloproteinases; NK cells; Preeclampsia; Trophoblast Decidua

Indexed keywords

HLA ANTIGEN; METALLOPROTEINASE;

CANCER INVASION; CELL INVASION; CHILDBIRTH; CHORION VILLUS; CYTOTROPHOBLAST; DECIDUA; IMMUNE RESPONSE; METASTASIS; NATURAL KILLER CELL; ORGAN TRANSPLANTATION; PLACENTA; PREECLAMPSIA; PREGNANCY; REPRODUCTION; REVIEW; TROPHOBLAST; UTERUS;

DECIDUA; FEMALE; HLA ANTIGENS; HUMANS; IMMUNE TOLERANCE; INFANT, NEWBORN; KILLER CELLS, NATURAL; METALLOENDOPEPTIDASES; NEOPLASM INVASIVENESS; PLACENTATION; PRE-ECLAMPSIA; PREGNANCY; TRANSPLANTATION; TRANSPLANTATION IMMUNOLOGY; TROPHOBLASTS;

EID: 0031841965     PISSN: 09482393     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Review

References (104)

1. Adamson, E. D.: Expression of proto-oncogenes in the placenta. Placenta 8 (1987) 449-466
2. Aplin, J., A. K. Charlton, S. Ayad: An immunohistochemical study of human endometrial extracellular matrix during the menstrual cycle and first trimester of pregnancy. Cell. tiss. Res. 253 (1988) 231-240
3. Aplin, J.: Implantation, trophoblast differentiation and haemochorial placentation: Mechanistic evidence in vivo and in vitro. J. Cell. Sci. 99 (1991) 681-692
4. Armant, D. R., H. A. Kaplan, H. Mover, W. J. Lennarz: The effect of hexapeptides on attachment and outgrowth of mouse blastocysts cultured in vitro: Evidence for the involvement of the cell recognition tripeptide Arg-Gly-Asp. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 83 (1986) 6751-6755
5. Autio-Harmainen, H., M. Sandberg, T. Pihlajaniemi, E. Vuorio: Synthesis of laminin and type IV collagen by trophoblastic cells and fibroblastic stromal cells in the early human placenta. Lab. Invest. 64 (1991) 483-491
6. Aznavoorian, S., A. N. Murphy, W. G. Stetler-Stevenson, L. A. Liotta: Molecular aspects of tumor cell invasion and metastasis. Cancer 71 (1993) 1368-1383
7. Behrendtsen, O., C. M. Alexander, Z. Werb: Metalloproteinases mediate extracellular matrix degradation by cells from mouse blastocyst outgrowths. Development 114 (1992) 447-456
8. Bell, S. C.: Decidualization and insulin-like growth factor (IGF) binding protein: Implications for its role in stromal cell differentiation and the decidual cell in haemochorial placentation. Hum. Reprod. 4 (1989) 125-130
9. Boyd, J. D., W. J. Hamilton:The Human Placenta. W. Heffer, Cambridge, 1970
10. Brenner, C. A., R. R. Adler, D. A. Rappolee, R. A. Pedersen, Z. Werb: Genes for extracellular matrix-degrading metalloproteinases and their inhibitor. TIMP, are expressed during early mammalian development. Genes & Development 3 (1989) 848-859
11. Bulmer, J. N., P. M. Johnson: The T-lymphocyte population in first trimester human decidua does not express the interleukin-2 receptor. Immunology 58 (1986) 685-687
12. Burrows, T. D., A. King, Y. W. Loke: Expression of integrins by human trophoblast and differential adhesion to laminin or fibronectin. Hum. Reprod. 8 (1993) 475-484
13. Burrows, T. D., A. King, Y. W. Lake: Expression of adhesion molecules by endovascular trophoblast and decidual endothelial cells: Implications for vascular invasion during placentation. Placenta 15 (1994) 21-33
14. Burrows, T. D., A. King, S. K. Smith, Y. W. Lake: Human trophoblast adhesion to matrix proteins: Inhibition and signal transduction. Hum. Reprod. 10 (1995) 2489-2500
15. Carosella, E. D., J. Dausset, M. Kirszenbaum: HLA-G revisited. Immunol. Today 17 (1996) 407-409
16. Charpin, C., F. Kopp, N. Pourreau-Schneider, J. C. Lissitzky, M. N. Lavant, P. M. Martin, M. Toga: Laminin distribution in human decidua and immature placenta. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 151 (1985) 822-826
17. Chernyshov, V. P., I. I. Slukvin, G. I. Bondarenko: Phenotypic characterization of CD7+, CD3+, and CD8+ lymphocytes from first trimester human decidua using two-color flow cytometry. Am. J. Reprod. Immunol. 29 (1993) 5-16
18. Chua, S., T. Wilkins, I. Sargent, C. Redman: Trophoblast deportation in pre-eclamptic pregnancy. Br. J. Obstet. Gynaecol. 98 (1991) 973-979
19. Damsky, C. H., M. L. Fitzgerald, S. J. Fisher: Distribution patterns of extracellular matrix components and adhesion receptors are intricately modulated during first timester cytotrophoblast differentiation along the invasive pathway in vitro. J. Clin. Invest. 89 (1992) 210-222
20. Damsky, C., A. Sutherland, S. Fisher: Extracellular matrix 5: Adhesive interactions in early mammalian embryogenesis, implantation, and placentation. FASEB J. 7 (1993) 1320-1329
21. Denker, H. W.: The role of trophoblast-dependent and of uterine proteases in initiation of implantation. In: Human Fertilization (hrsg. von Ludwig, H., P. F. Tauber). Georg Thieme, Stuttgart, 1978
22. Dietl, J., H.-P. Horny, P. Ruck, K. Marzusch, E. Kaiserling, H. Griesser, D. Kabelitz: Intradecidual T lymphocytes lack immunohistochemically detectable T cell receptors. Am. J. Reprod. Immunol. 24 (1990) 33-36
23. Dietl, J., P. Ruck, H.-P. Horny, R. Handgretinger, K. Marzusch, M. Ruck, E. Kaiserling, H. Griesser, D. Kabelitz: The decidua of early human pregnancy: Immunohistochemistry and function of immunocompetent cells. Gynecol. Obstet. Invest. 33 (1992) 197-204
24. Dietl, J., P. Ruck, K. Marzusch, H.-P. Horny, E. Kaiserling, R. Handgretinger: Uterine granular lymphocytes are activated natural killer cells. Immunol. Today 13 (1992) 236
25. Earl, U., D. P. Lunny, J. N. Bulmer: Leucocyte populations in ectopic tubal pregnancy. J. Clin. Pathol. 40 (1987) 901-905
26. Ellis, S. A., I. L. Sargent, C. W. G. Redman, A. J. McMichael: Evidence for a novel HLA antigen found on human extravillous trophoblast and a choriocarcinoma cell line. Immunology 59 (1986) 595-601
27. Ellis, S. A., M. S. Palmer, A. J. McMichael: Human trophoblast and the chorioncarcinoma cell line BeWo express a truncated HLA class I molecule. J. Immunol. 144 (1990) 731-735
28. Faber, M., U. M. Wewer, J. G. Berthelsen, L. A. Liotta, R. Albrechtsen: Laminin production by human endometrial stromal cells relates to the cyclic and pathological state of the endometrium. Am. J. Pathol. 124 (1986) 384-398
29. Feinberg, R. F., H. J. Kliman, C. J. Lockwood: Is oncofetal fibronectin a trophoblast glue for human implantation? Am. J. Pathol. 138 (1991) 537-543
30. Ferry, B. L., I. L. Sargent, P. M. Starkey, C. W. G. Redman: Cytotoxic activity against trophoblast and choriocarcinoma cells of large granular lymphocytes from early human pregnancy decidua. Cell. Immunol. 132 (1991) 140-149
31. Fisher, S. J., T.-Y. Cui, L. Zhang, L. Hartman, K. Grahl, G.-Y. Zhang, Y. Tarpey, C. H. Damsky: Adhesive and degradative properties of human placental cytotrophoblast cells in vitro. J. Cell. Biol. 109 (1989) 891-902
32. Geiselhart, A., J. Dietl, K. Marzusch, P. Ruck, M. Ruck, H.-P. Horny, E. Kaiserling, D. Niethammer, R. Handgretinger: Comparative analysis of the phenotypes of decidual and peripheral blood large granular lymphocytes and T cells during early human pregnancy. Am. J. Reprod. Immunol. 33 (1995) 315-322
33. Glass, R. H., J. Aggeler, A. Spindle, K. A. Pedersen, Z. Werb: Degradation of extracellular matrix by mouse trophoblast outgrowths. J. Cell. Biol. 96 (1983) 1108-1116
34. Graham, C. H., P. K. Lala: Mechanism of control of trophoblast invasion in situ. J. Cell. Physiol. 148 (1991) 228-234
35. Graham, C. H., L. Conelly, J. R. MacDougall, R. S. Kerbel, W. G. Stetler-Stevenson, P. K. Lala: Resistance of malignant trophoblast cells to both the anti-proliferative and anti-invasive effects of transforming growth factor beta. Exp. Cell. Res. 24 (1994) 93-99
36. Griffin, J. D., T. Hercend, R. Beveridge, S. F. Schlossmann: Characterization of an antigen expressed by human natural killer cells. J. Immunol. 130 (1983) 2947-2951
37. Haidacher, S., A. Blaschitz, G. Desoye, G. Dohr: Immunohistochemical evidence of p53 protein in human placenta and choriocarcinoma cell lines. Hum. Reprod. 10 (1995) 983-988
38. Hamperl, H.: Über die endometrialen Granulozyten (endometriale Körnchenzellen). Klin. Wschr. 32 (1954) 665-668
39. Harris, J. W. S., E. M. Ramsey: The morphology of human uteroplacental vasculature. Contributions to Embryology 38 (1966) 43-58
40. Huang, J. R., L. Tseng, P. Bischof, O. A. Jänne: Regulation of prolactin production by progestin, estrogen, and relaxin in human endometrial stromal cells. Endocrinology 121 (1987) 2011-2017
41. Hynes, R. O.: Integrins: Versatility, modulation, and signaling in cell adhesion. Cell 69 (1992) 11-25
42. Jokhi, P. P., G. Chumbley, A. King, L. Gardner, Y. W. Loke: Expression of the colony stimulating factor-1 receptor (c-fms product) by cells at the human uteroplacental interface. Lab. Invest. 68 (1993) 308-320
43. Jokhi, P. P., A. King, P. T. Jubinsky, Y. W. Loke: Demonstration of the low affinity a subunit of the granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor receptor (GM-CSF-Rα) on human trophoblast and uterine cells. J. Reprod. Immunol. 26 (1994) 147-164
44. Kao, L. C., S. Caltabiano, S. Wu, J. F. Strauss, H. J. Kliman: The human villous cytotrophoblast: Interactions with extracellular matrix proteins, endocrine function, and cytoplasmatic differentiation in the absence of syncytium formation. Development (Camb.) 130 (1988) 693-702
45. Khan, H., O. Ishihara, M. H. F. Sullivan, M. G. Elder: Changes in decidual stromal cell function associated with labour. Br. J. Obstet. Gynaecol. 99 (1992) 10-12
46. Khong T. Y., F. De Wolf, W. B. Robertson, I. Brosens: Inadequate maternal vascular response to placentation in pregnancies complicated by pre-eclampsia and by small-for-gestational age infants. Br. J. Obstet. Gynaecol. 93 (1986) 1049-1059
47. Khong, T. Y., W. B. Robertson: Placenta creta and Placenta praevia creta. Placenta 8 (1987) 399-109
48. King, A., V. Wellings, L. Gardner, Y. W. Loke: Immunocytochemical characterization of the unusual large granular lymphocytes in human endometrium throughout the menstrual cycle. Hum. Immunol. 25 (1989) 195-205
49. King, A., C. Birkby, Y. W. Loke: Early human decidual cells exhibit NK activity against the K562 cell line but not against first trimester trophoblast. Cell. Immunol. 118 (1989) 337-344
50. King, A., Y. W. Loke: Human trophoblast and JEG choriocarcinoma cells are sensitive to lysis by IL-2 stimulated decidual cells. Cell. Immunol. 129 (1990) 435-448
51. King, A., P. P. Jokhi, S. K. Smith, A. M. Charkey, Y. W. Loke: Screening for cytokine mRNA in human villous and extravillous trophoblasts using the reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Cytokine 7 (1995) 364-371
52. King, A., C. Boocock, A. M. Sharkey, L. Gardner, A. Beretta, A. C. Siccardi, Y. W. Loke: Evidence for the expression of HLA-C Class I mRNA and protein by first trimester trophoblast. J. Immunol. 156 (1996) 2068-2076
53. Kovats, S., E K. Main, C. Librach, M. Stubblebine, S. J. Fisher, R. A. DeMars: A class I antigen, HLA-G, expressed in human trophoblast. Science 248 (1990) 220-223
54. Lanier, L. L., A. M. Le, C. J. Civin, M. R. Loken, J. H. Phillips: The relationship of CD16 (Leu-11) and Leu-19 (NKH-1) antigen expression on human peripheral blood NK cells and cytotoxic T lymphocytes. J. Immunol. 136 (1986) 4480-4486
55. Librach, C. L., Z. Werb, M. L. Fitzgerald, K. Chiu, N. M. Corwin, R. A. Esteves, D. Grobelny, R. Galardy, C. H. Damsky, S. J. Fisher. 92-kDa type IV collagenase mediates invasion of human cytotrophohlasts. J. Cell. Biol. 113 (1991) 437-449
56. Librach, C. L., S. L. Feigenbaum, K. E. Bass, T. Cui, N. Versatas, Y. Sadovsky, J. P. Quigley, D. L. French, S. J. Fisher: Interleukin-1β regulates human cytotrophoblast metalloproteinase activity and invasion in vitro. J. Biol. Chem. 269 (1994) 17125-17131
57. Liotta, L. A., P. S. Steeg, W. G. Stetler-Stevenson: Cancer metastasis and angiogenesis: An imbalance of positive and negative regulation. Cell 64 (1991) 327-336
58. Loke, Y. W., L. Gardner, K. Burland, A. King: Laminin in human trophoblast-decidua interaction. Hum. Reprod. 4 (1989) 457-463
59. Loke, Y. W.: Does HLA-G influence trophoblast susceptibility to lysis by decidual large granular lymphocytes? Vortrag: 5th International Congress of Reproductive Immunology, Rome, 1992
60. Lysiak, J. J., J. Hunt, G. A. Pringle, P. K. Lala: Localization of transforming growth factor β and its natural inhibitor decorin in the human placenta and deeidua throughout gestation. Placenta 16 (1995) 221-231
61. Manaseki, S., R. F. Searle: Natural Killer (NK) cell activity of first trimester human decidua. Cell. Immunol. 121 (1989) 166-173
62. Marzusch, K., J. Dietl, H.-P. Horny, P. Ruck, E. Kaiserling, H. Griesser, D. Kabelitz: Tolerance and the fetal graft. Lancet 337 (1991) 52
63. Marzusch, K., P. Ruck, A. Geiselhart, R. Handgretinger, J. Dietl, E. Kaiserling, H.-P. Horny, G. Vince, C. W. G. Redman: Distribution of cell adhesion molecules on CD56++, CD3-, CD16-large granular lymphocytes and endothelial cells in first trimester human decidua. Hum. Reprod. 8 (1993) 1203-1208
64. Marzusch, K., P. Ruck, H.-P Horny, J. Dietl, E. Kaiserling: Expression of the p53 tumour suppressor gene in human placenta: An immunohistochemical study. Placenta 16 (1995) 101-104
65. Marzusch, K., P. Ruck, R. Handgretinger, J. Dietl, H.-P. Horny, E. Kaiserling: Zur funktionellen Bedeutung der CD56++ large granular lymphocytes (LGL) in der Dezidua der Frühschwangerschaft beim Menschen. Gynäkol. Geburtsh. Rundsch. 35 (1995) 88-92
66. Marzusch, K., P. Ruck, J. A. Dietl, H.-P. Horny, E. Kaiserling: Immunohistochemical localization of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-2 (TIMP-2) in first trimester human placental decidua. Eur. J. Obstet. Gynecol. Reprod. Biol. 68 (1996) 105-107
67. Marzusch, K., F. Buchholz, P. Ruck, R. Handgretinger, A. Geiselhart, L. Engelmann, J. Dietl: IL-12-and IL-2-stimulated release of IFN-gamma by uterine CD56++ large granular lymphocytes is amplified by decidual macrophages. Hum. Reprod. (1997) im Druck
68. Mazur, M. T., R. J. Kurman: Gestational trophoblastic disease. In: Blaustein's Pathology of the Female Genital Tract, 4th Edition (hrsg. von Kurman, R. J.). Springer-Verlag, New York, Berlin, Heidelberg, 1994
69. McMaster, M. T., C. L. Librach, Y. Zhou, K.-H. Lim, M. J. Janatpour, R. DeMars, S. Kovats, C. Damsky, S. J. Fisher: Human placental HLA-G expression is restricted to differentiated cytotrophoblasts. J. Immunol. 154 (1995) 3771-3778
70. Meekins, J. W., R. Pijnenborg, M. Hanssens, I. R. McFadyen, A. Van Asshe: A study of placental bed spiral arteries and trophoblast invasion in normal and severe pre-eclamptic pregnancies. Br. J. Obstet. Gynaecol. 101 (1994) 669-674
71. Morii, T., K. Nishikawa, S. Saito, M. Enomoto, A. Ito, N. Kurai, T. Shimoyama, M. Ichijo, N. Narita: T-cell receptors are expressed but down-regulated on intradecidual T lymphocytes. Am. J. Reprod. Immunol. 29 (1993) 1-4
72. Mosmann, T. R., S. Sad: The expanding universe of T-cell subsets: Th1, Th2 and more. Immunol. Today 17 (1996) 138-146
73. Mühlhauser, J., C. Crescimanno, P. Kaufmann, H. Höfler, D. Zaccheo, M. Castellucci: Differentiation and proliferation patterns in human trophoblast revealed by c-erbB-2 oncogene product and EGF-R. J. Histochem. Cytochem. 41 (1993) 165-173
74. Ohlsson, R., S. B. Pfeiffer-Ohlsson: Cancer genes, proto-oncogenes, and development. Exp. Cell. Res. 173 (1987) 1-16
75. Ohlsson, R.: Growth factors, protooncogenes and human placental development. Cell. Differ. Dev. 28 (1989) 1-15
76. Pauerstein, C. J., H. R. Croxatto, C. A. Eddy, I. Ramzy, M. D. Walters: Anatomy and pathology of tubal pregnancy. Obstet. Gynecol. 67 (1986) 301-308
77. Pijnenborg, R., G. Dixon, W. B. Robertson, I. Brosens: Trophohlastic invasion of human decidua from 8 to 18 weeks of pregnancy. Placenta 1 (1980) 1-19
78. Pijnenborg, R.: Trophoblast invasion and placentation in the human: Morphological aspects. In: Trophoblast invasion and endometrial receptivity (hrsg. von Denker, II. W., J. D. Aplin), Trophoblast Res., vol. 4, Plenum Medical, New York, London, 1990
79. Pijnenborg, R., C. Luyten, L. Vercruysse, F. A. Van Assche: Attachment and differentiation in vitro of trophoblast from normal and preeclamptic human placentas. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 175 (1996) 30-36
80. Redman, C. W. G.: The fetal allograft. Fet. Med. Rev. 2 (1990) 21-43
81. Robertson, S. A., R. F. Seamark, L. J. Guilbert, T. G. Wegmann: The role of cytokines in gestation. Crit. Rev. Immunol. 14 (1994) 239-292
82. Robertson, W. B., B. Warner: The ultrastructure of the human placental bed. J. Pathol. 112 (1974) 202-211
83. Robertson, W. B., I. Brosens, G. Dixon: Uteroplacental vascular pathology. Eur. J. Obstet. Gynecol. Reprod. Biol. 5/1-2 (1975) 47-65
84. Robertson W. B., I. Brosens, W. N. Landells: Abnormal placentation. In: Obstetrics and Gynecology Annual (hrsg. von Wynn, R. M.). Appleton-Century-Crofts, Norwalk, CN, 1985
85. Roncalli, M., G. Bulfamante, G. Viale, D. R. Springall, R. Alfano, A. Comi, M. Maggioni, J. M. Polak, G. Cocci: C-myc and tumour suppressor gene product expression in developing and term human trophoblast. Placenta 15 (1994) 399-409
86. Ruck, P., K. Marzusch, E. Kaiserling, H.-P. Horny, J. Dietl, A. Geiselhart, R. Handgretinger, C. W. G. Redman: Distribution of cell adhesion molecules in decidua of early human pregnancy. Lab. Invest. 71 (1994) 94-101
87. Ruck, P., K. Marzusch, H.-P. Horny, J. Dietl, E. Kaiserling: The distribution of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-2 (TIMP-2) in the human placenta. Placenta 17 (1996) 263-266
88. Saito, S., K. Nishikawa, T. Morii, M. Enomoto, N. Narita, K. Motoyoshit, M. Ichijo: Cytokine production by CD16-CD56+ bright natural killer cells in the human early pregnancy decidua. Int. Immunol. 5 (1993) 559-563
89. Scoazec, J.-Y., G. Feldmann: Protéines d'adhésion et foie. De la biologie cellulaire a la pathophysiologie. Gastroenterol. Clin. Biol. 16 (1992) 264-277
90. Shimonovitz, S., A. Hurwitz, M. Dushnik, E. Anteby, T. Geva-Eldar, S, Yagel: Developmental regulation of the expression of 72 and 92 kd type IV collagenases in human trophoblasts: A possible mechanism for control of trophoblast invasion. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 171 (1994) 832-838
91. Starkey, P. M., I. L. Sargent, C. W. G. Redman: Cell populations in early pregnancy decidua: Characterization and isolation of large granular lymphocytes by flow cytometry. Immunology 65 (1988) 129-134
92. Starkey, P. M., L M. Clover, M. C. P. Rees: Variation during the menstrual cycle of immune cell populations in human endometrium. Eur. J. Obstet. Gynecol. Reprod. Biol. 39 (1991) 203-207
93. Starkey, P. M.: The decidua and placentation. In: The Human Placenta (hrsg. von Redman, C. W. G., I. L. Sargent, P. M. Starkey), Blackwell, London, Edinburgh, Boston, 1993
94. Strickland, S., W. G. Richards: Invasion of the trophoblasts. Cell 71 (1992) 355-357
95. Triozzi, P. L. D. M. Eicher, J. J. Rinehart: Modulation of adhesion molecules on human large granular lymphocytes in vitro. Cell. Immunol. 140 (1992) 295-303
96. Turner, M. L.: Cell adhesion molecules: A unifying approach to topographic biology. Biol. Rev. 67 (1992) 359-377
97. van den Ven, K., C. Ober: HLA-G polymorphisms in African Americans. J. Immunol. 153 (1994) 5628-5633
98. Vettraino, I. M., J. Roby, T. Tolley, W. C. Parks: Collagenase-I, stromelysin-I, and matrilysin are expressed within the placenta during multiple stages of human pregnancy. Placenta 17 (1996) 557-563
99. Waterhouse, P., D. T. Denhardt, R. Khokha: Temporal expression of tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases in mouse reproductive tissues during gestation. Molecul. Reprod. Develop. 35 (1993) 219-226
100. H2 phenomenon? Immunol. Today 14 (1993) 353-356
101. Wever, U. M., M. Faber, L. A. Liotta, R. Albrechtsen: Immunochemical and ultrastructural assessment of the nature of the pericellular basement membrane of human decidual cells. Lab. Invest. 53 (1985) 624-633
102. Wynn, R. M.: Ultrastructural development of the human decidua. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 118 (1974) 652-660
103. Yelavarthu, K. K., J. S. Hunt: Analysis of p60 and p80 tumor necrosis factor-α receptor messenger RNA and protein in human placentas. Am. J. Path. 143 (1993) 1131-1141
104. Zhou, Y., C. H. Damsky, K. Chiu, J. M. Roberts, S. J. Fisher: Preeclampsia is associated with abnormal expression of adhesion molecules by invasive cytotrophoblasts. J. Clin. Invest. 91 (1993) 950-960