Toxicological mechanisms underlying oxidant pollutant-induced airway injury

Reviews on Environmental Health

Volumn 13, Issue 1-2, 1998, Pages 59-71

  Krishna, M T ^a,c   Chauhan, A J ^b   Frew, A J ^a   Holgate, S T ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHAMPTON   (United Kingdom)

^b UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL SOUTHAMPTON NHS FOUNDATION TRUST   (United Kingdom)

^c SOUTHAMPTON GENERAL HOSPITAL   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Air pollution; Asthma; Nitrogen dioxide; Ozone

Indexed keywords

ANTIOXIDANT; CELL ADHESION MOLECULE; CHEMOKINE; INTERLEUKIN 6; INTERLEUKIN 8; NITROGEN DIOXIDE; OZONE; SUBSTANCE P; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR;

AIR POLLUTION; ASTHMA; BRONCHUS MUCOSA; ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE; EXHAUST GAS; HUMAN; NEUROGENIC INFLAMMATION; NEUTROPHIL; RESPIRATORY TRACT INJURY; REVIEW; SENSORY NERVE; TOXICOKINETICS;

AIR POLLUTION; CYTOKINES; HUMANS; INFLAMMATION; NITROGEN DIOXIDE; OXIDANTS, PHOTOCHEMICAL; OZONE; RESPIRATORY TRACT DISEASES;

BRONCHUS;

EID: 0031841640     PISSN: 00487554     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Review

References (93)

1. Kesten S, Szalai J, Dzyngel B. Air quality and the frequency of emergency room visits for asthma. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 1995; 74: 269-273.
2. Buchdahl R, Parker A, Stebbings T, Babiker A. Association between air pollution and acute childhood wheezy episodes: prospective observational study [see comments]. Br Med J 1996; 312: 661-665.
3. Bates DV, Sizto R. Air pollution and hospital admissions in Southern Ontario: The acid summer haze effect. Environ Res 1987; 43: 317-331.
4. Ponka A, Virtanen M. Chronic bronchitis, emphysema, and low-level air pollution in Helsinki, 1987ñ989. Environ Res 1994; 5: 207-217.
5. Kinney PL, Ozkaynak H. Associations of daily mortality and air pollution in Los Angeles County. Environ Res 1991; 54: 99-120.
6. Saldiva PH, Lichtenfels AJ, Paiva PS, Barone IA, Martins MA, Massad E, et al. Association between air pollution and mortality due to respiratory diseases in children in Sao Paulo, Brazil: A preliminary report. Environ Res 1994; 65: 218-225.
7. Anderson HR, Limb ES, Bland JM, Ponce de Leon A, Strachan DP, Bower JS. Health effects of an air pollution episode in London, December 1991. Thorax 1995; 50: 1188-1193.
8. Schwartz J, Zeger S. Passive smoking, air pollution, and acute respiratory symptoms in a diary study of student nurses. Am Rev Respir Dis 1990; 141: 62-67.
9. Braun-Fahrlander C, Ackermann-Liebrich U, Schwartz J, Gnehm HP, Rutishauser M, Wanner HU. Air pollution and respiratory symptoms in preschool children. Am Rev Respir Dis 1992; 145: 42-47.
10. 2 and respiratory symptoms in preschool children. J Expo Anal Environ Epidemiol 1996; 6: 197-210.
11. Lebowitz MD, Collins L, Holberg CJ. Time series analyses of respiratory responses to indoor and outdoor environmental phenomena. Environ Res 1987; 43: 332-341.
12. 2 on lung function in primary schoolchildren. Environ Res 1993; 62: 179-188.
13. Scarlett JF, Abbott KJ, Peacock JL, Strachan DP, Anderson HR. Acute effects of summer air pollution on respiratory function in primary school children in southern England. Thorax 1996; 51: 1109-1114.
14. Melia RJ, Florey CD, Altman DG, Swan AV. Association between gas cooking and respiratory disease in children. Br Med J 1977; 2: 149-152.
15. Melia RJ, Florey CV, Chinn S. The relation between respiratory illness in primary schoolchildren and the use of gas for cooking - I. Results from a national survey. Int J Epidemiol 1979; 8: 333-338.
16. Florey CdV, Melia RJW, Chinn S, Goldstein BD, Brooks AGF, John HH, et al. The relationship between respiratory illness in primary school children and the use of gas for cooking. III. Nitrogen dioxide, respiratory illness and lung function. Int J Epidemiol 1979; 8: 347-353.
17. Melia RJ, Florey CV, Morris RW, Goldstein BD, John HH, Clark D, et al. Childhood respiratory illness and the home environment. II. Association between respiratory illness and nitrogen dioxide, temperature and relative humidity. Int J Epidemiol 1982; 11: 164-169.
18. Ogston S, Florey C, Walker C. The Tayside infant morbidity and mortality study, effect on health of using gas for cooking. Br Med J 1985; 290: 957-960.
19. Keller MD, Lanese RR, Mitchell RI, Cote RW. Respiratory illness in households using gas and electricity for cooking. II. Symptoms and objective findings. Environ Res 1979; 19: 504-515.
20. 2 exposure. Am Rev Respir Dis 1980; 121: 3-10.
21. Ware J, Dockery D, Spiro AI, Speizer F, Ferris B, Jr. Passive smoking, gas cooking and respiratory health of children living in six cities. Am Rev Respir Dis 1984; 129: 366-374.
22. Neas LM, Dockery DW, Ware JH, Spengler JD, Speizer FE, Ferris BG, Jr. Association of indoor nitrogen dioxide with respiratory symptoms and pulmonary function in children. Am J Epidemiol 1991; 134: 204-219.
23. Ekwo EE, Weinberger MM, Lachenbruch PA, Huntley WH. Relationship of parental smoking and gas cooking to respiratory disease in children. Chest 1983; 84: 662-668.
24. Schenker M, Samet J, Speizer F. Risk factors for childhood respiratory disease. The effect of host factors and home environmental exposures. Am Rev Respir Dis 1983; 128: 1038-1043.
25. Berwick M, Leaderer BP, Stolwijk JAJ, Zagraniski RT. Lower respiratory symptoms in children exposed nitrogen dioxide from unvented combustion sources. Environ Int 1989; 15: 369-373.
26. Hoek G, Brunekreef B, Meijer R, Scholten A, Boleij J. Indoor nitrogen dioxide pollution and respiratory symptoms of schoolchildren. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 1984; 55: 79-86.
27. Dijkstra L, Houthuijs D, Brunekreef B, Akkerman I, Boleij JS. Respiratory health effects of the indoor environment in a population of Dutch children. Am Rev Respir Dis 1990; 142: 1172-1178.
28. Koo LC, Ho JH, Ho CY, Matsuki H, Shimizu H, Mori T, et al. Personal exposure to nitrogen dioxide and its association with respiratory illness in Hong Kong. Am Rev Respir Dis 1990; 141: 1119-1126.
29. Pershagen G, Rylander E, Norberg S, Eriksson M, Nordvall SL. Air pollution involving nitrogen dioxide exposure and wheezing bronchitis in children. Int J Epidemiol 1995; 24: 1147-1153.
30. Kuhr J, Hendel KA, Karmaus W, Moseler M, Weiss K, Stephan V, et al. Air pollutant burden and bronchial asthma in school children. Soz Praventivmed 1991; 36: 67-73.
31. Dodge R. The effects of indoor pollution on Arizona children. Arch Environ Health 1982; 37: 151-155.
32. Lebowitz MD, O'Rourke MK, Dodge R, Holberg J, Corman G, Hoshaw RW, et al. The adverse health effects of biological aerosols, other aerosols and indoor microclimate on asthmatics and nonasthmatics. Environ Int 1982; 8: 375-380.
33. Quackenboss JJ, Krzyzanowski M, Lebowitz MD. Exposure assessment approaches to evaluate respiratory health effects of particulate matter and nitrogen dioxide. J Expo Anal Environ Epidemiol 1991; 1: 83-107.
34. Samet JM, Lambert WE, Skipper BJ, Cushing AH, Hunt WC, Young SA, et al. Nitrogen dioxide and respiratory illnesses in infants. Am Rev Respir Dis 1993; 148: 1258-1265.
35. Dekker C, Dales R, Bartlett S, Brunekreef B, Zwanenburg H. Childhood asthma and the indoor environment. Chest 1991; 100: 922-926.
36. Infante Rivard C. Childhood asthma and indoor environmental risk factors. Am J Epidemiol 1993; 137: 834-844.
37. Linaker CH, Chauhan AJ, Inskip H, Frew AJ, Sillence A, Coggon D, et al. Distribution and determinants of personal exposure to nitrogen dioxide in school children. Occup Environ Med 1996; 53: 200-203.
38. Samet JM, Marbury MC, Spengler JD. Health effects and sources of indoor air pollution. Part I. Am Rev Respir Dis 1987; 136: 1486-1508.
39. Hasselblad V, Eddy DM, Kotchmar DJ. Synthesis of environmental evidence: Nitrogen dioxide epidemiology studies. J Air Waste Manage Assoc 1992; 42: 662-671.
40. Li Y, Powers TE, Roth HD. Random-effects linear regression meta-analysis models with application to the nitrogen dioxide health effects studies. J Air Waste Manage Assoc 1994; 44: 261-270.
41. 2 in European countries. European Concerted Action Indoor Air Quality and It's Impact on Man. Commission of the European Communities, Luxembourg, 1989.
42. AGMAAPE. Oxides of Nitrogen: Advisory Group on the Medical Aspects of Air Pollution Episodes, Department of Health, 1993.
43. 2) on human bronchial epithelial cells in vitro [Abstract]. Clin Exp Allergy 1990; 20 (Suppl 1): 92.
44. Devalia JL, Sapsford RJ, Cundell DR, Rusznak C, Campbell AM, Davies RJ. Human bronchial epithelial cell dysfunction following in vitro exposure to nitrogen dioxide. Eur Respir J 1993; 6: 1308-1316.
45. Johnston S, Pattemore P, Sanderson G, Smith S, Lampe F, Josephs L, et al. Community study of role of viral infections in exacerbations of asthma in 9-11 year old children. Br Med J 1994; 310: 1225-1228.
46. Johnston SL, Pattemore PK, Sanderson G, Smith S, Campbell MJ, Josephs LK, et al. The relationship between upper respiratory infections and hospital admissions for asthma: A time-trend analysis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1996; 154: 654-660.
47. Chauhan AJ, Johnson A-WBR, O'Donnell DR, Xie P, Openshaw PJM, Holgate ST, et al. A comparison of PCRs in the diagnosis of rhinovirus and respiratory syncytial virus infection in infants and children admitted with wheezing illness and bronchiolitis Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1997; 155: A685.
48. Schwartz J, Spix C, Wichmann HE, Malin E. Air pollution and acute respiratory illness in five German communities. Environ Res 1991; 56: 1-14.
49. Rebmann H, Huenges R, Wichmann HE, Malin EM, Hubner HR, Roll A, et al. [Croup and air pollutants: results of a two-year prospective longitudinal study]. Zentralbl Hyg Umweltmed 1991; 192: 104-115.
50. Jaakkola JJ, Paunio M, Virtanen M, Heinonen OP. Low-level air pollution and upper respiratory infections in children [see comments]. Am J Public Health 1991; 81: 1060-1063.
51. Ehrlich R. Effect of nitrogen dioxide on resistance to respiratory infection. Bacteriol Rev 1966; 30: 604-614.
52. Goldstein E, Eagle MC, Hoeprich PD. Effect of nitrogen dioxide on pulmonary bacterial defense mechanisms. Arch Environ Health 1973; 26: 202-204.
53. Jakab GJ. Modulation of pulmonary defense mechanisms by acute exposures to nitrogen dioxide. Environ Res 1987; 42: 215-228.
54. Davis JK, Davidson MK, Schoeb TR, Lindsey JR. Decreased intrapulmonary killing of Mycoplasma pulmonis after short-term exposure to NC4 is associated with damaged alveolar macrophages. Am Rev Respir Dis 1992; 145: 406-411.
55. Rose RM, Fuglestad JM, Skornik WA, Hammer SM, Wolfthal SF, Beck BD, et al. The pathophysiology of enhanced susceptibility to murine cytomegalovirus respiratory infection during short-term exposure to 5 ppm nitrogen dioxide. Am Rev Respir Dis 1988; 137: 912-917.
56. Rose RM, Pinkston P, Skornik WA. Altered susceptibility to viral respiratory infection during short-term exposure to nitrogen dioxide. Research Report - Health Effects Institute 1989: 1-24.
57. Frampton MW, Smeglin AM, Roberts NJ, Finkelstein JN, Morrow PE, Utell MJ. Nitrogen dioxide exposure in vivo and human alveolar macrophage inactivation of influenza virus in vitro. Environ Res 1989; 48: 179-192.
58. Pinkston P, Smeglin A, Roberts NJ, Jr., Gibb FR, Morrow PE, Utell MJ. Effects of in vitro exposure to nitrogen dioxide on human alveolar macrophage release of neutrophil chemotactic factor and interleukin-1. Environ Res 1988; 47: 48-58.
59. Becker S, Devlin R, Horstman D, Gerrity T, Madden M, Biscardi F, et al. Evidence for mild inflammation and change in alveolar macrophage function in humans exposed to 2 ppm NO2. Proceedings of Indoor Air '93 1993; 1: 471-476.
60. Goings SA, Kulle TJ, Bascom R, Sauder LR, Green DJ, Hebel JR, et al. Effect of nitrogen dioxide exposure on susceptibility to influenza A virus infection in healthy adults. Am Rev Respir Dis 1989; 139: 1075-1081.
61. Carson JL, Collier AM, Hu SC, Delvin RB. Effect of nitrogen dioxide on human nasal epithelium. Am J Respir Cell & Mol Biol 1993; 9: 264-270.
62. Helleday R, Huberman D, Blomberg A, Stjernberg N, Sandstrom T. Nitrogen dioxide exposure impairs the frequency of the mucociliary activity in healthy subjects. Eur Respir J 1995; 8: 1664-1668.
63. Sandstrom T, Andersson MC, Kolmodin-Hedman B, Stjernberg N, Angstrom T. Bronchoalveolar mastocytosis and lymphocytosis after nitrogen dioxide exposure in man: A time-kinetic study. Eur Respir J 1990; 3: 138-143.
64. Sandstrom T, Ledin MC, Thomasson L, Helleday R, Stjernberg N. Reductions in lymphocyte subpopulations after repeated exposure to 1.5 ppm nitrogen dioxide. Br J Ind Med 1992; 49: 850-854.
65. Rubinstein I, Reiss TF, Bigby BG, Stites DP, Boushey HJ. Effects of 0.60 PPM nitrogen dioxide on circulating and bronchoalveolar lavage lymphocyte phenotypes in healthy subjects. Environ Res 1991; 55: 18-30.
66. Robison TW, Forman HJ, Thomas MJ. Release of aldehydes from rat alveolar macrophages exposed in vitro to low concentrations of nitrogen dioxide. Biochim Biophys Acta 1995; 1256: 334-340.
67. Robison TW, Forman HJ. Dual effect of nitrogen dioxide on rat alveolar macrophage arachidonate metabolism. Exp Lung Res 1993; 19: 21-36.
68. Jorres R, Nowak D, Grimminger F, Seeger W, Oldigs M, Magnussen H. The effect of 1 ppm nitrogen dioxide on bronchoalveolar lavage cells and inflammatory mediators in normal and asthmatic subjects. Eur Respir J 1995; 8: 416-424.
69. 2 exposure. Lung 1996; 174: 57-67.
70. 2 reduces TNF and IL-6 production by endotoxin-stimulated alveolar macrophages. Am J Physiol 1996; 271: L132-138.
71. 2 on chemotactic mobility, release of chemotactic factors and other cytokines by macrophages in vitro. Toxicol Lett 1994; 72: 307-315.
72. Bardin PG, Johnston SL, Pattemore PK. Viruses as precipitants of asthma symptoms. II. Physiology and mechanisms. Clin Exp Allergy 1992; 22: 809-822.
73. 2 exposure and recovery. Exp Lung Res 1986; 11: 179-193.
74. Barnes PJ. Neural control of human airways in health and disease. Am Rev Respir Dis 1986; 134: 1289-1314.
75. Empey DW, Laitinen LA, Jacobs L, Gold WM, Nadel JA. Mechanisms of bronchial hyper-reactivity in normal subjects after respiratory tract infection. Am Rev Respir Dis 1976; 113: 131-139.
76. Chonmaitree T, Lett-Brown MA, Tsong Y, Goldman AS, Baron S. Role of interferon in leukocyte histamine release caused by common respiratory viruses. J Infect Dis 1988; 157: 127-132.
77. Sandstrom T, Stjernberg N, Eklund A, Ledin MC, Bjermer L, Kolmodin-Hedman B, et al. Inflammatory cell response in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid after nitrogen dioxide exposure of healthy subjects: A dose-response study. Eur Respir J 1991; 4: 332-339.
78. Stark JM, van Egmond AW, Zimmerman JJ, Carabell SK, Tosi MF. Detection of enhanced neutrophil adhesion to parainfluenza-infected airway epithelial cells using a modified myeloperoxidase assay in a microtiter format. J Virol Methods 1992; 40: 225-242.
79. Helleday R, Sandstrom T, Stjernberg N. Differences in bronchoalveolar cell response to nitrogen dioxide exposure between smokers and nonsmokers. Eur Respir J 1994; 7: 1213-1220.
80. Calhoun WJ, Dick EC, Schwartz LB, Busse WW. A common cold virus, rhinovirus 16, potentiates airway inflammation after segmental antigen broncho-provocation in allergic subjects. J Clin Invest 1994; 94: 2200-2208.
81. Calhoun WJ, Swenson CA, Dick EC, Schwartz LB, Lemanske RF, Jr., Busse WW. Experimental rhino-virus 16 infection potentiates histamine release after antigen bronchoprovocation in allergic subjects. Am Rev Respir Dis 1991; 144: 1267-1273.
82. Tunnicliffe WS, Burge PS, Ayres JG. Effect of domestic concentrations of nitrogen dioxide on airway responses to inhaled allergen in asthmatic patients. Lancet 1994; 344: 1733-1736.
83. Wang JH, Devalia JL, Duddle JM, Hamilton SA, Davies RJ. Effect of six-hour exposure to nitrogen dioxide on early-phase nasal response to allergen challenge in patients with a history of seasonal allergic rhinitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1995; 96: 669-676.
84. Johnston SL. Natural and experimental rhinovirus infections of the lower respiratory tract. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1995; 152: S46-S52.
85. Subauste MC, Jacoby DB, Richards SM, Proud D. Infection of a human respiratory epithelial cell line with rhinovirus. Induction of cytokine release and modulation of susceptibility to infection by cytokine exposure. J Clin Invest 1995; 96: 549-557.
86. Einarsson O, Geba GP, Zhu Z, Landry M, Elias JA. Interleukin-11: Stimulation in vivo and in vitro by respiratory viruses and induction of airways hyperresponsiveness. J Clin Invest 1996; 97: 915-924.
87. Devalia JL, Campbell AM, Sapsford RJ, Rusznak C, Quint D, Godard P, et al. Effect of nitrogen dioxide on synthesis of inflammatory cytokines expressed by human bronchial epithelial cells in vitro. Am J Respir Cell & Mol Biol 1993; 9: 271-278.
88. Welliver RC, Kaul A, Ogra PL. Cell-mediated immune response to respiratory syncytial virus infection: Relationship to the development of reactive airway disease. J Pediatr 1979; 94: 370-375.
89. Welliver RC, Kaul TN, Ogra PL. The appearance of cell-bound IgE in respiratory-tract epithelium after respiratory-syncytial-virus infection. N Engl J Med 1980; 303(21): 1198-202.
90. Welliver RC, Sun M, Rinaldo D, Ogra PL. Predictive value of respiratory syncytial virus-specific IgE responses for recurrent wheezing following bronchiolitis. J Pediatr 1986; 109: 776-780.
91. Seggev JS, Sedmak GV, Kurup VP. Isotype-specific antibody responses to acute Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 1996; 77: 67-73.
92. Emre U, Sokolovskaya N, Roblin PM, Schachter J, Hammerschlag MR. Detection of anti-Chlamydia pneumoniae IgE in children with reactive airway disease. J Infect Dis 1995; 172: 265-267.
93. Wjst M, Heinrich J, Liu P, Dold S, Wassmer G, Merkel G, et al. Indoor factors and IgE levels in children. Allergy 1994; 49: 766-771.