Sociotropy, autonomy, and self-discrepancy: Status in depressed, remitted depressed, and control participants

Cognitive Therapy and Research

Volumn 22, Issue 3, 1998, Pages 279-297

  Fairbrother, Nichole ^a   Moretti, Marlene ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA   (Canada)

^b SIMON FRASER UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

Author keywords

Depression; Self discrepancy; Sociotropy and autonomy; Vulnerability

Indexed keywords

ANXIETY NEUROSIS; ARTICLE; DEPRESSION; HUMAN; PERSONALITY TEST; SYMPTOMATOLOGY;

EID: 0031832648     PISSN: 01475916     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1023/A:1018796810260     Document Type: Article

References (50)

1. Barnett, P. A., & Gotlib, I. H. (1988). Psychosocial functioning and depression: Distinguishing among antecedents, concomitants, and consequences. Psychological Bulletin, 104, 97-126.
2. Bartelstone, J. H., & Thill, T. J. (1995). Personality, life events, and depression. Journal of Personality Assessment, 64, 279k-294.
3. Beck, A. T. (1983). Cognitive therapy of depression: New perspectives. In P. J. Clayton & J. E. Barrett (Eds.), Treatment of depression: Old controversies and new approaches. New York: Guilford.
4. Beck, A. T., Epstein, N., Brown, G., & Steer, R. A. (1988). An inventory for measuring clinical anxiety: Psychometric properties. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 56, 893-897.
5. Beck, A. T., Steer, R. A., & Garbin, M. G. (1988), Psychometric properties of the Beck Depression Inventory: Twenty-five years of evaluation. Clinical Psychology Review, 8, 77-100.
6. Beck, A. T., Ward, C. H., Mendelson, M., Mock, J., & Erbaugh, J. (1961). An inventory for measuring depression. Archives of General Psychiatry, 4, 561-571.
7. Blatt, S. J. (1974). Level of object representation in anaclitic and introjective depression. Psychoanalytic Study of the Child, 29, 107-157.
8. Blatt, S. J., & Zuroff, D. C. (1992). Interpersonal relatedness and self-definition: Two prototypes for depression. Clinical Psychology Review, 12, 527-562.
9. Clark, D. A., & Oates, T. (1995). Daily hassles, major and minor life events, and their interaction with sociotropy and autonomy. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 33, 819-823.
10. Di Nardo, P. A., & Barlow, D. H., (1988). Anxiety Disorders Interview Schedule-Revised ADIS-R). Albany, NY: Phobia and Anxiety Disorders Clinic.
11. Di Nardo, P. A., O'Brien, G. T., Barlow, D. H., Waddell, M. T., & Blanchard, E. B. (1983). Reliability of DSM-III anxiety disorder categories using a new structured interview. Archives of General Psychiatry, 40, 1070-1074.
12. Franche, R., & Dobson, K. (1992). Self-criticism and interpersonal dependency as vulnerability factors to depression. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 16, 419-435.
13. Fydrich, T., Dowdall, D., & Chambless, D. L. (1990). Aspects of reliability and validity for the Beck Anxiety Inventory. Paper presented at the National Conference on Phobias and Related Anxiety Disorders, Bethesda, MD.
14. Hammen, C., Ellicott, A., & Gitlin, M. (1989). Vulnerability to specific life events and prediction of course of disorder in unipolar depressed patients. Canadian Journal of Behavioral Science, 21, 377-387.
15. Hammen, C., Ellicott, A., Gitlin, M., & Jamison, K. R. (1989). Sociotropy/autonomy and vulnerability to specific life events in patients with unipolar depression and bipolar disorders. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 98, 154-160.
16. Hammen, C., Marks, T., Mayol, A., & deMayo, R. (1985). Depressive self-schemas, life stress, and vulnerability to depression. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 94, 308-319.
17. Higgins, E. T. (1987). Self-discrepancy: A theory relating self and affect. Psychological Review, 94, 319-340.
18. Higgins, E. T., Bond, R., Klein, R., & Strauman T. J. (1986). Self-discrepancies and emotional vulnerability: How magnitude, accessibility and type of discrepancy influence affect. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51, 5-15.
19. Higgins, E. T., Klein, R. & Strauman, T (1985). Self-concept discrepancy theory: A psychological model for distinguishing among different aspects of depression and anxiety. Social Cognition, 3, 51-76.
20. Hirschfeld, R. M. A., Klerman, G. L., Clayton, P. J., Keller, M. B., & Andreason, V.C. (1984). Personality and gender-related differences in depression. Journal of Affective Disorders, 7, 211-221.
21. Hirschfeld, R. M. A., Klerman, G. L., Gough, H. G., Barrett, J., Korchin, S., & Chodoff, P. (1977). A measure of interpersonal dependency. Journal of Personality Assessment, 41, 610-618.
22. Klein, D. N., Harding, H., Taylor, E. B., & Dickstein, S. (1988). Dependency and self-criticism in depression: Evaluation in a clinical population. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 97, 399-404.
23. Lakey, B., & Ross, L. T. (1994). Dependency and self-criticism as moderators of interpersonal and achievement stress: The role of initial dysphoria. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 18, 581-599.
24. Miranda, J., & Persons, J. B. (1988). Dysfunctional attitudes are mood-state dependent. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 97, 76-79.
25. Miranda, J., Persons, J. B., & Byers, C. N. (1990). Endorsement of dysfunctional beliefs depends on current mood state. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 99, 237-241.
26. Moretti, M. M., & Higgins, E. T. (1990). Relating self-discrepancy to self-esteem: The contribution of discrepancy beyond actual-self ratings. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 26, 108-123.
27. Moretti, M. M., Higgins, E. T., & Feldman, L. A. (1990). The self-system in depression: Conceptualization and treatment. In C. D. McCann & Endler (Eds.), New directions in depression research, theory and practice (pp. 127-156). Toronto: Wall & Thompson.
28. Moretti, M. M., Segal, Z. V., McCann, C. D., Shaw, B. F., Miller, D. T., & Vella, D. (1996). Self-referent versus other-referent information processing in dysphoric, clinically depressed, and remitted depressed subjects. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 22, 68-80.
29. Persons, J. B., & Miranda, J. (1992). Cognitive theories of vulnerability to depression: Reconciling negative evidence. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 16, 485-502.
30. Persons, J. B., Miranda, J., & Perloff, J. M. (1991). Relationships between depressive symptoms and cognitive vulnerabilities of achievement and dependency. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 15, 221-235.
31. Riskind, J. H., & Rholes, W. S. (1985). The cognitive model of depression and mood-induction procedures: A reply to Clark (1983). Behavior Research and Therapy, 23, 663-666.
32. Roberts, J. E., & Kassel, J. D. (1996). Mood-state dependence in cognitive vulnerability to depression: The roles of positive and negative affect. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 20, 1-12.
33. Robins, C. J. (1990). Congruence of personality and life events in depression. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 99, 393-397.
34. Robins, C. J., & Block, P (1988). Personal vulnerability, life events, and depressive symptoms: A test of a specific interactional model. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54, 847-852.
35. Robins, C. J., Block, P., & Peselow, E. D. (1989). Relations of sociotropic and autonomous personality characteristics to specific symptoms in depressed patients. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 98, 86-88.
36. Robins, C. J., Hayes, A. M., Block, P., Kramer, R. J., & Villena, M. (1995). Interpersonal and achievement concerns and the depressive vulnerability and symptom specificity hypotheses: A prospective study. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 19, 1-20
37. Robins, C. J., Ladd, J., & Luten, A. H. (1990). Development and preliminary validation of the Personal Style Inventory: a questionnaire to assess sociotropic and autonomous personality characteristics. Unpublished manuscript, Duke University Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry.
38. Robins, C. J., Ladd, J., Welkowitz, J., Blaney, P. H., Diaz, R., & Kutcher, G. (1994). The personal style inventory: Preliminary validation studies of new measures of sociotropy and autonomy. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 16, 277-300.
39. Robins, C. J., & Luten, A. G. (1991). Sociotropy and autonomy: Differential patterns of clinical presentation in unipolar depression. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 100, 74-77.
40. Rude, S. S., & Burnham, B. L. (1993). Do interpersonal and achievement vulnerabilities interact with congruent events to predict depression? Comparison of DEQ, SAS, DAS, and combined scales. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 17, 531-548.
41. Scott, L., & O'Hara, M. W. (1993). Self-discrepancies in clinically anxious and depressed university students. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 102, 282-287.
42. Segal, Z. V., & Ingram, R. E. (1994). Mood priming and construct activation in tests of cognitive vulnerability to unipolar depression. Clinical Psychology Review, 14, 663-695.
43. Segal, Z. V., Shaw, B. F., & Vella, D. D. (1989). Life stress and depression: A test of the congruency hypothesis for life event content and depressive subtype. Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science, 21, 389-400.
44. Segal, Z. V., Shaw, B. F., Vella, D. D., & Katz, R. (1992). Cognitive and life stress predictors of relapse in remitted unipolar depressed patients: Test of the congruency hypothesis. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 101, 26-36.
45. Strauman, T. J. (1989). Self-discrepancies in clinical depression and social phobia: Cognitive structures that underlie emotional disorders. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 98, 14-22.
46. Strauman, T. J. (1992). Self-guides, autobiographical memory, and anxiety and dysphoria: Towards a cognitive model of vulnerability to emotional distress. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 101, 87-95.
47. Strauman, T. J., & Higgins, E. T. (1987). Automatic activation of self-discrepancies and emotional syndromes: When cognitive structures influence affect. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 53, 1004-1014.
48. Strauman, T. J., & Higgins, E. T. (1988). Self-discrepancies as predictors of vulnerability to distinct syndromes of chronic emotional distress. Journal of Personality, 56, 685-707.
49. Welkowitz, J., Lish, J., & Bond, R. N. (1985). The depressive experiences questionnaire: Revision and validation. Journal of Personality Assessment, 49, 89-94.
50. Zuroff, D. C., & Mongrain, M. (1987). Dependency and self-criticism: Vulnerability factors for depressive affective states. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 96, 14-22.