Between deepening and widening: Role conflict in Germany's enlargement policy

West European Politics

Volumn 21, Issue 2, 1998, Pages 117-133

  Tewes, Henning ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF BIRMINGHAM   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EUROPEAN UNION ENLARGEMENT; FOREIGN POLICY; GEOPOLITICS; REGIONAL POLITICS;

GERMANY;

EID: 0031830117     PISSN: 01402382     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/01402389808425247     Document Type: Article

References (46)

1. An earlier draft of this article was presented at the second ASGP Graduate Conference in Birmingham, April 1997. I would like to thank the participants for their comments. For numerous helpful points on an earlier draft I am indebted to Vladimir Handl, Jonathan Lipkin, William E. Paterson and Peter Pulzer.
2. The historical link was pointed out to me by William E. Paterson. For a concise introduction to the relationship between state building, national identity and the use of foreign policy see Peter Pulzer, Germany 1870-1945, Politics, State Formation, and War (Oxford: OUP 1997) especially Chs. 1, 2 and 3. [Reviewed on pp.212-14 of this issue.]
3. Erving Goffman, The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life (London: Penguin 1990).
4. Ralph H. Turner, 'Unanswered Questions in the Convergence between Structuralist and Interactionist Role Theories', in H.J. Helle and S.N. Eisenstadt (eds.) Micro-Sociological Theory (London: Sage 1985).
5. Thomas Schaber and Cornelia Ulber, 'Reflexivität in den Internationalen Beziehungen', Zeitschrift für Internationale Beziehungen 1/1 (1994).
6. Hanns W. Maull and Kirste Knut, 'Zivilmacht und Rollentheorie', Zeitschrift für Internationale Beziehungen, 3/2 (1996) p.284. Kirste and Maull paraphrase Lucian Pye's 1974 definition of the term 'political culture'.
7. See also Peter J. Katzenstein (ed.), The Culture of National Security (NY: Columbia UP 1996); Arthur Hoffmann and Kerry Longhurst, The Construction and Deconstruction of Germany's Security Identity, Paper presented at the second ASGP Graduate Conference, Birmingham, April 1997.
8. See also Peter J. Katzenstein (ed.), The Culture of National Security (NY: Columbia UP 1996); Arthur Hoffmann and Kerry Longhurst, The Construction and Deconstruction of Germany's Security Identity, Paper presented at the second ASGP Graduate Conference, Birmingham, April 1997.
9. K.J. Holsti, 'Toward a Theory of Foreign Policy: Making the Case for Role Analysis', in Role Theory and Foreign Policy Analysis (Durham, NC: Duke UP 1987) p.7.
10. Simon Bulmer and William E. Paterson, 'Germany in the European Union: Gentle Giant or Emergent Leader?', International Affairs 72/1 (1996). For the theoretical argument on the construction of identities see Alexander Wendt, 'Collective Identity Formation and the International State', American Political Science Review 88/2 (1994).
11. Simon Bulmer and William E. Paterson, 'Germany in the European Union: Gentle Giant or Emergent Leader?', International Affairs 72/1 (1996). For the theoretical argument on the construction of identities see Alexander Wendt, 'Collective Identity Formation and the International State', American Political Science Review 88/2 (1994).
12. Jeffrey J. Anderson and John B. Goodman, 'Mars or Minerva? A United Germany in a Post-Cold War Europe', in Stanley Hoffman, Robert Keohane and Joseph Nye (eds.) After the Cold War (Cambridge, MA: Harvard UP 1993).
13. Timothy Garton Ash, In Europe's Name: Germany and the Divided Continent (London: Vintage 1993); Wolfram Hanrieder, West German Foreign Policy, 1949-79 (Boulder, CO: Westview 1980).
14. Timothy Garton Ash, In Europe's Name: Germany and the Divided Continent (London: Vintage 1993); Wolfram Hanrieder, West German Foreign Policy, 1949-79 (Boulder, CO: Westview 1980).
15. Simon Bulmer, William E. Paterson, The Federal Republic and the European Community (London: Allen and Unwin 1987).
16. Reiner Pommerin (ed.) The American Impact on Postwar Germany (Providence, RI: Berghahn 1995).
17. For a discussion of this debate see for instance Peter Pulzer, 'Nation-State and National Sovereignty', Bulletin of the German Historical Institute (London, Nov.1995; and Gunther Hellmann, 'Goodbye Bismarck? The Foreign Policy of Contemporary Germany', Mershon International Studies Review 40 (1996).
18. For a discussion of this debate see for instance Peter Pulzer, 'Nation-State and National Sovereignty', Bulletin of the German Historical Institute (London, Nov.1995; and Gunther Hellmann, 'Goodbye Bismarck? The Foreign Policy of Contemporary Germany', Mershon International Studies Review 40 (1996).
19. Arnulf Baring, Deutschland, was nun? (Berlin: Siedler 1991).
20. Ludger Kühnhardt, 'Der Osten des Westens und die "russische Frage"', Europa-Archiv 9 (1994).
21. The treaty on the foundation of the Visegrad group, signed on 15 Feb. 1991, had the meaningful name of 'Declaration on Co-operation between the Republic of Hungary, the Czech and Slovak Federal Republic and the Republic of Poland on the Way to European integration'.
22. Vladimir Handl, 'Germany and Central Europe: "Mitteleuropa" restored?', Perspectives 1 (1993) p.48.
23. For a discussion of this argument see Josef Janning, 'Am Ende der Regierbarkeit? Gefährliche Folgen der Erweiterung der Europäischen Union', Europa-Archiv 22 (1993).
24. Cited in Josef Janning and Melanie Piepenschneider, Deutschland in Europa. Eine Bilanz europäischer Einigungspolitik, Deutschland-Report 19 (1993) Konrad-Adenauer Foundation, Sankt Augustin, p.34.
25. Kohl's speech at the CDU party conference in Protokoll 4 (1993), Parteitag der CDU Deutschlands, 12-14 Sept. 1993 in Berlin, p.30.
26. Role theorists call this 'attention deployment'.
27. The Chancellor's speech is published in Bulletin 33, 22 March 1991, pp.241-7.
28. For a general discussion of these treaties see Wolf Oschlies, Ehe Nachbarschaft zur Nähe wird (Cologne: Berichte des Bundesinstituts für ostwissenschaftliche und internationale Studien, no. 60 (1991)) and Dieter Bingen, Deutschland und Polen in Europa: Probleme, Verträge und Perspektiven (Cologne: Berichte des Bundesinstituts für ostwissenschaftliche und internationale Studien, no. 49 (1991)).
29. For a general discussion of these treaties see Wolf Oschlies, Ehe Nachbarschaft zur Nähe wird (Cologne: Berichte des Bundesinstituts für ostwissenschaftliche und internationale Studien, no. 60 (1991)) and Dieter Bingen, Deutschland und Polen in Europa: Probleme, Verträge und Perspektiven (Cologne: Berichte des Bundesinstituts für ostwissenschaftliche und internationale Studien, no. 49 (1991)).
30. Kohl's speech is published in Protokoll 3, Parteitag der CDU Deutschlands, Düsseldorf, 26-28 Oct. 1992.
31. See for instance Dieter Bingen, 'Germany and Poland in Europe', Polish Western Affairs 1 (1992) p.143. Reinhard Stuth has pointed out that this fact was to a large extent the apathy and inactivity of other Western governments, see Reinhard Stuth, 'Deutschlands neue Rolle im sich wandelnden Europa', Außenpolitik 1 (1992) p.29.
32. See for instance Dieter Bingen, 'Germany and Poland in Europe', Polish Western Affairs 1 (1992) p.143. Reinhard Stuth has pointed out that this fact was to a large extent the apathy and inactivity of other Western governments, see Reinhard Stuth, 'Deutschlands neue Rolle im sich wandelnden Europa', Außenpolitik 1 (1992) p.29.
33. Protokoll 3, Parteitag der CDU Deutschlands, pp.165-6.
34. Bulletin 33, 22 March 1991, p.247.
35. Protokoll 4, Parteitag der CDU Deutschlands, p.31.
36. CDU/CSU-Fraktion des Deutschen Bundestages, Überlegungen zur Europäischen Politik, 1 Sept. 1994.
37. This was at the same time the key difference between the stance of the Foreign Office and that of the Schäuble-Lamers paper.
38. Helmut Hubel and Bernhard May, Ein 'normales' Deutschland? Die souveräne Bundesrepublik in der ausländischen Wahrnehmung, Arbeitspapiere zur Internationalen Politik 92 Forschungsinstitut der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Auswärtige Politik (Bonn: 1995) p.109.
39. CDU/CSU-Fraktion des Deutschen Bundestages (note 30) p.10.
40. Simon Bulmer and William Paterson, The Federal Republic and the European Community, (London: Allen and Unwin 1987) pp.18-21.
41. Lothar Buehl, 'Gesellschaftliche Grundlagen der deutschen Aussenpolitik', in Karl Kaiser and Hanns W. Maull (eds.) Deutschlands neue Außenpolitik (Munich 1994).
42. Penny Henson and Nisha Malhan, 'Endeavours to Export a Migration Crisis: Policy Making and Europeanisation in the German Migration Dilemma', German Politics 4/3 (1995).
43. 'L'Allemagne ne veut plus être la vache à lait de l'Europe', Le Monde, 25 June 1995.
44. The seminal essay is Alexander Wendt, 'Anarchy is What States Make of it: The Social Construction of Power Politics, International Organisation 46/2 (1992). See also Wendt (note 9).
45. Hanns W. Maull and Kirste Knut, 'Zivilmacht und Rollentheorie', Zeitschrift für Internationale Beziehungen 3/2 (1996).
46. Timothy Dunne, 'The Social Construction of International Society', European Journal of International Relations 1/3 (1995).