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Volumn 74, Issue 3, 1998, Pages 334-342

Aboriginal claims and the forestry industry: Claims processes and recent developments in the courts

(1)  House, R David a  

a NONE

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EID: 0031825983     PISSN: 00157546     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.5558/tfc74334-3     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (4)

References (68)
  • 1
    • 85038534054 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Delgamuukw v. British Columbia (December 1997), File No. 23799 (S.C.C.) [hereinafter Delgamuukw]
    • Delgamuukw v. British Columbia (December 1997), File No. 23799 (S.C.C.) [hereinafter Delgamuukw].
  • 2
    • 85038535592 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • [1973] S.C.R. 313
    • [1973] S.C.R. 313.
  • 3
    • 0013674887 scopus 로고
    • Ottawa: Department of Indian Affairs and Northern Development, at i
    • Department of Indian Affairs and Northern Development, Federal Policy for the Settlement of Native Claims (Ottawa: Department of Indian Affairs and Northern Development, 1993) at i.
    • (1993) Federal Policy for the Settlement of Native Claims
  • 4
    • 85038528494 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • The twelve comprehensive claims agreements which have come into effect (six of which are related to the Yukon) are as follows: The James Bay and Northern Quebec Agreement (1977); The Northeastern Quebec Agreement (1978); The Inuvialuit Final Agreement (1984); The Gwich'in Agreement (1992); The Nunavut Land Claims Agreement (1993); and, The Sahtu Dene and Metis Agreement (1994). Six claims relate to the Yukon and are based on the Council for Yukon Indians Umbrella Final Agreement (1993) and corresponding self-government agreements: The Vuntut Gwich'in First Nation (1995); The First Nation of Nacho Nyak Dun (1995); The Teslin Tlingit Council (1995); The Champagne and Aishihik First Nations (1995); The Little Salmon/Carmacks First Nation (1997); and, The Selkirk First Nation (1997).
  • 5
    • 85038538669 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Supra note 4 at 5
    • Supra note 4 at 5.
  • 6
    • 0003816115 scopus 로고
    • Ottawa: Minister of Supply and Services, at 20, reprinted in 1 I.C.C.P. [hereinafter Specific Claims Policy cited to ICCP].
    • Department of Indian Affairs and Northern Development, Outstanding Business, A Native Claims Policy - Specific Claims, (Ottawa: Minister of Supply and Services, 1982) at 20, reprinted in [1994] 1 I.C.C.P. 171-85 [hereinafter Specific Claims Policy cited to ICCP]. The Specific Claims Policy was revised in 1991 and in December of 1992, a draft Process Manual for Specific Claims was developed in order to assist parties in the submission of claims.
    • (1982) Outstanding Business, A Native Claims Policy - Specific Claims , pp. 171-185
  • 7
    • 85038531710 scopus 로고
    • was developed in order to assist parties in the submission of claims
    • Department of Indian Affairs and Northern Development, Outstanding Business, A Native Claims Policy - Specific Claims, (Ottawa: Minister of Supply and Services, 1982) at 20, reprinted in [1994] 1 I.C.C.P. 171-85 [hereinafter Specific Claims Policy cited to ICCP]. The Specific Claims Policy was revised in 1991 and in December of 1992, a draft Process Manual for Specific Claims was developed in order to assist parties in the submission of claims.
    • (1992) Process Manual for Specific Claims
  • 8
    • 85038534351 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ibid. at 179. It is noteworthy that recently the Minister Jane Stewart has impliedly accepted that an outstanding "lawful obligation" also includes a breach of fiduciary duty on the part of the Crown. On December 18, 1997, the Minister decided to accept for negotiation the claims of the Kahkewistahaw First Nation and Moosomin First Nation. The ICC had concluded, in two detailed reports to the Minister, that the Crown owed an outstanding lawful obligation to the Kahkewistahaw First Nation and Moosomin First Nation based on breaches of the Crown's fiduciary duty to the First Nations in surrenders of reserve land (see, In Re Moosomin First Nation, Report on: 1909 Reserve Land Surrender Inquiry, March 1997, and In Re Kahkewistahaw First Nation, Report on: 1907 Reserve Land Surrender Inquiry, February 1997). In the past, the breadth of the meaning of "lawful obligation" had been consistently disputed by representatives of Canada as not including fiduciary duties. In accepting the Kahkewistahaw and Moosomin claims for negotiation, a persuasive argument can be made that the scope of specific claim inquiry has been significantly broadened.
    • Process Manual for Specific Claims , pp. 179
  • 9
    • 0344365082 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • March
    • Ibid. at 179. It is noteworthy that recently the Minister Jane Stewart has impliedly accepted that an outstanding "lawful obligation" also includes a breach of fiduciary duty on the part of the Crown. On December 18, 1997, the Minister decided to accept for negotiation the claims of the Kahkewistahaw First Nation and Moosomin First Nation. The ICC had concluded, in two detailed reports to the Minister, that the Crown owed an outstanding lawful obligation to the Kahkewistahaw First Nation and Moosomin First Nation based on breaches of the Crown's fiduciary duty to the First Nations in surrenders of reserve land (see, In Re Moosomin First Nation, Report on: 1909 Reserve Land Surrender Inquiry, March 1997, and In Re Kahkewistahaw First Nation, Report on: 1907 Reserve Land Surrender Inquiry, February 1997). In the past, the breadth of the meaning of "lawful obligation" had been consistently disputed by representatives of Canada as not including fiduciary duties. In accepting the Kahkewistahaw and Moosomin claims for negotiation, a persuasive argument can be made that the scope of specific claim inquiry has been significantly broadened.
    • (1997) In Re Moosomin First Nation, Report On: 1909 Reserve Land Surrender Inquiry
  • 10
    • 0344796924 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • February
    • Ibid. at 179. It is noteworthy that recently the Minister Jane Stewart has impliedly accepted that an outstanding "lawful obligation" also includes a breach of fiduciary duty on the part of the Crown. On December 18, 1997, the Minister decided to accept for negotiation the claims of the Kahkewistahaw First Nation and Moosomin First Nation. The ICC had concluded, in two detailed reports to the Minister, that the Crown owed an outstanding lawful obligation to the Kahkewistahaw First Nation and Moosomin First Nation based on breaches of the Crown's fiduciary duty to the First Nations in surrenders of reserve land (see, In Re Moosomin First Nation, Report on: 1909 Reserve Land Surrender Inquiry, March 1997, and In Re Kahkewistahaw First Nation, Report on: 1907 Reserve Land Surrender Inquiry, February 1997). In the past, the breadth of the meaning of "lawful obligation" had been consistently disputed by representatives of Canada as not including fiduciary duties. In accepting the Kahkewistahaw and Moosomin claims for negotiation, a persuasive argument can be made that the scope of specific claim inquiry has been significantly broadened.
    • (1997) In Re Kahkewistahaw First Nation, Report On: 1907 Reserve Land Surrender Inquiry
  • 12
    • 85038532970 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ibid. at 180
    • Ibid. at 180.
  • 13
    • 85038537767 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Supra note 7 at 181
    • Supra note 7 at 181.
  • 14
    • 85038530715 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ibid. at 184-5
    • Ibid. at 184-5.
  • 15
    • 85038530646 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ibid. at 184
    • Ibid. at 184.
  • 16
    • 85038534476 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ibid. at 185
    • Ibid. at 185.
  • 17
    • 85038531593 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Supra note 1 at para. 120
    • Supra note 1 at para. 120.
  • 18
    • 85038529612 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ottawa: Canada Communication Group
    • Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples, Report of the Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples, Vol. 5, (Ottawa: Canada Communication Group, 1996) at 153, 183-4.
    • (1996) Report of the Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples , vol.5 , pp. 153
  • 19
    • 85038535152 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • (28 October 1997), File No. B/M/114/96 (N.B.Q.B.) [hereinafter Paul]
    • (28 October 1997), File No. B/M/114/96 (N.B.Q.B.) [hereinafter Paul].
  • 20
    • 85038538374 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • (7 November 1997), File No. CA021277 (B.C.C.A.) [hereinafter Haida Nation]
    • (7 November 1997), File No. CA021277 (B.C.C.A.) [hereinafter Haida Nation].
  • 21
    • 85038533918 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • R.S.N.B. 1973, c. C-38.1
    • R.S.N.B. 1973, c. C-38.1.
  • 22
    • 85038532603 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • R. v. Paul (1996), 145 D.L.R. (4th) 472 (N.B. Prov. Ct)
    • R. v. Paul (1996), 145 D.L.R. (4th) 472 (N.B. Prov. Ct).
  • 23
    • 85038536032 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Supra note 16 at para. 12
    • Supra note 16 at para. 12.
  • 24
    • 85038536312 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • (1886-87) 13 O.A.R. 148, particularly the reasons of Chief Justice Hagarty at 160-1; aff' d sub nom. St. Catharines Milling and Lumber Co. v. The Queen (1887), 13 S.C.R. 577, aff' d (1888), 14 A.C. 46 (P.C.)
    • (1886-87) 13 O.A.R. 148, particularly the reasons of Chief Justice Hagarty at 160-1; aff' d sub nom. St. Catharines Milling and Lumber Co. v. The Queen (1887), 13 S.C.R. 577, aff' d (1888), 14 A.C. 46 (P.C.).
  • 25
    • 85038530872 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Supra note 16 at para. 17
    • Supra note 16 at para. 17.
  • 26
    • 85038532932 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ibid. at para. 20
    • Ibid. at para. 20.
  • 27
    • 85038530823 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ibid. at para. 43
    • Ibid. at para. 43
  • 28
    • 85038536905 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • From Smith v. The Queen, [1983] 1 S.C.R. 554 at 568-9
    • The term usufruct has been defined as: "the right of temporary possession, use, or enjoyment of the advantages of property belonging to another, so far as may be had without causing damage or prejudice to it." Ususfruct has also been defined as "use, enjoyment, or profitable possession (of something)." From Smith v. The Queen, [1983] 1 S.C.R. 554 at 568-9.
  • 29
    • 85038534660 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Supra note 16 at para. 69
    • Supra note 16 at para. 69.
  • 30
    • 85038534328 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ibid. at para. 46
    • Ibid. at para. 46.
  • 31
    • 85038532338 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ibid. at para. 69
    • Ibid. at para. 69.
  • 32
    • 85038536234 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ibid. at para. 71
    • Ibid. at para. 71.
  • 33
    • 85038533203 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • R.S.B.C. 1979, c. 140 (now R.S.B.C. 1996, c. 157)
    • R.S.B.C. 1979, c. 140 (now R.S.B.C. 1996, c. 157).
  • 34
    • 85038533159 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • (1995), 15 B.C.L.R. (3d) 154 (B.C.S.C)
    • (1995), 15 B.C.L.R. (3d) 154 (B.C.S.C).
  • 35
    • 85038535860 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Supra note 17 at para. 4
    • Supra note 17 at para. 4.
  • 36
    • 85038531963 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ibid. at para. 32
    • Ibid. at para. 32.
  • 37
    • 85038536793 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ibid.
    • Ibid.
  • 38
    • 85038535100 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ibid. at para. 36
    • Ibid. at para. 36.
  • 39
    • 85038535481 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ibid. at para. 37
    • Ibid. at para. 37.
  • 40
    • 85038538272 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ibid. at para. 40
    • Ibid. at para. 40.
  • 41
    • 85038538386 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ibid. at para. 41
    • Ibid. at para. 41.
  • 42
    • 85038537060 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • [1991] 3 W.W.R. 97 (B.C.S.C.)
    • [1991] 3 W.W.R. 97 (B.C.S.C.).
  • 43
    • 85038530867 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • [1993] 5 W.W.R. 97
    • [1993] 5 W.W.R. 97.
  • 44
    • 85038534294 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Supra note 1 at para. 87
    • Supra note 1 at para. 87.
  • 45
    • 85038537721 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ibid. at para. 106
    • Ibid. at para. 106.
  • 46
    • 85038530374 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ibid. at para. 111
    • Ibid. at para. 111.
  • 47
    • 85038536480 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ibid. at para. 111 and 138
    • Ibid. at para. 111 and 138.
  • 48
    • 85038529760 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ibid. at para. 113
    • Ibid. at para. 113.
  • 49
    • 85038535574 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ibid. at para. 117
    • Ibid. at para. 117.
  • 50
    • 85038537863 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ibid. at para. 115
    • Ibid. at para. 115.
  • 51
    • 85038535250 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ibid. at para. 113
    • Ibid. at para. 113.
  • 52
    • 85038533492 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ibid. at para. 117
    • Ibid. at para. 117.
  • 53
    • 85038530091 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ibid. at para. 129
    • Ibid. at para. 129.
  • 54
    • 85038529605 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ibid. at para. 120
    • Ibid. at para. 120.
  • 55
    • 85038530371 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ibid. at para. 142
    • Ibid. at para. 142.
  • 56
    • 85038531127 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ibid. at para. 148
    • Ibid. at para. 148.
  • 57
    • 85038530716 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ibid. at para. 149
    • Ibid. at para. 149.
  • 58
    • 85038537802 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ibid. at para. 153
    • Ibid. at para. 153.
  • 59
    • 85038530121 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ibid. at para. 154
    • Ibid. at para. 154.
  • 60
    • 85038534162 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ibid. at para. 158-9
    • Ibid. at para. 158-9.
  • 61
    • 85038529517 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ibid. at para. 125
    • Ibid. at para. 125.
  • 62
    • 85038537227 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ibid. at para. 128
    • Ibid. at para. 128.
  • 63
    • 85038537079 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ibid.
    • Ibid.
  • 64
    • 85038529549 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ibid.
    • Ibid.
  • 65
    • 85038530636 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ibid. at para. 130
    • Ibid. at para. 130.
  • 66
    • 85038538290 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ibid. at para. 131
    • Ibid. at para. 131.
  • 67
    • 85038533711 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ibid. at para. 132
    • Ibid. at para. 132.
  • 68
    • 85038537416 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ibid. at para. 186
    • Ibid. at para. 186.


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