Evolution of pest-induced defenses in Brassica plants: Tests of theory

Ecology

Volumn 79, Issue 2, 1998, Pages 632-646

  Siemens, David H ^a,b   Mitchell Olds, Thomas ^a,b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MONTANA   (United States)

^b MAX PLANCK INSTITUTE FOR CHEMICAL ECOLOGY   (Germany)

Author keywords

Allocation artificial selection; Brassica rapa; Genetic constraints; Genotype by environment interaction; Glucosinolates; Induced and constitutive levels; Leptosphaeria maculans; Myrosinase; Pleiotropy; Plutella xylostella; Resistance; Secondary plant metabolites

Indexed keywords

ANTIHERBIVORE DEFENSE; CHEMICAL DEFENSE; CROP PEST; EVOLUTION; INDUCED RESPONSE; SECONDARY METABOLITE;

ALTICINI; BRASSICA; BRASSICA RAPA; BRASSICA RAPA SUBSP. RAPA; BRASSICACEAE; COLEOPTERA; DICOTYLEDONEAE; LEPIDOPTERA; LEPTOSPHAERIA; LEPTOSPHAERIA MACULANS; PHYLOTRETA CRUCIFERAE; PLUTELLA XYLOSTELLA; PLUTELLIDAE; SIPHONAPTERA (FLEAS);

EID: 0031822981     PISSN: 00129658     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2307/176959     Document Type: Article

References (71)

1. Ajlan, A. M., and D. A. Potter. 1990. Does immunization of cucumber against anthracnose by Colletotrichum lagenarium affect host suitability for arthropods? Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 58:83-91.
2. Argen, J., and D. W. Schemske. 1994. Evolution of trichome number in a naturalized population of Brassica rapa. American Naturalist 143:1-13.
3. Auerbach, M., and J. D. Alberts. 1992. Occurrence and performance of the aspen blotch miner, Phyllonorycter salicifoliella, on three host-tree species. Oecologia 89:1-9.
4. Barker, H. R., and B. M. Barker. 1984. Multivariate analysis of variance (MANCOVA):A practical guide to its use in scientific decision making. University of Alabama Press, University, Alabama, USA.
5. Bazzaz, F. A., N. R. Chiariello, P. D. Coley, and L. F. Pitelka. 1987. Allocating resources to reproduction and defense. BioScience 37:58-67.
6. Bentz, J., J. Reeves III, P. Barbosa, and B. Francis. 1995. Nitrogen fertilizer effect on selection, acceptance, and suitability of Euphorbia pulcherrima (Euphorbiaceae) as a host plant to Bemisia tabaci (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae). Environmental Entomology 24:40-45.
7. Berenbaum, M. R., A. R. Zangerl, and J. K. Nitao. 1986. Constraints on chemical coevolution: wild parsnips and the parsnip webworm. Evolution 40:1215-1228.
8. Bergelson, J., and C. B. Purrington. 1996. Surveying patterns in the cost of resistance in plants. American Naturalist 148:536-558.
9. Bracken, G. K., and G. E. Bucher. 1986. Yield losses in canola caused by adult and larval flea beetles, Phyllotreta cruciferae (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Canadian Entomologist 118:319-324.
10. Brody, A. K., and R. Karban. 1992. Lack of a tradeoff between constitutive and induced defenses among varieties of cotton. Oikos 65:301-306.
11. Bryant, J. P., F. S. Chapin III, and D. R. Klein. 1983. Carbon/ nutrient balance of boreal plants in relation to vertebrate herbivory. Oikos 40:357-368.
12. Chew, F. S. 1988. Searching for defensive chemistry in the Cruciferae, or, do glucosinolates always control interactions of Cruciferae with their potential herbivores and symbionts? No! Pages 81-112 in K. A. Spencer, editor. Chemical mediation of coevolution. Academic Press, New York, New York, USA.
13. Coley, P. D., J. P. Bryant, and F. S. Chapin. 1985. Resource availability and plant anti-herbivore defense. Science (Washington, D.C.) 230:895-899.
14. Crow, J. F., and M. Kimura. 1970. An introduction to population genetics theory. Buress, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.
15. Dorn, L. A., and T. Mitchell-Olds. 1991. Genetics of Brassica campestris. 1. Genetic constraints on evolution of life history characters. Evolution 45:371-379.
16. Faeth, S. F., S. Mopper, and D. Simberloff. 1981. Abundances and diversity of leaf mining insects on three oak host species: Effects of host-plant phenology and nitrogen content of leaves. Oikos 37:238-251.
17. Falconer, D. S. 1989. Introduction to quantitative genetics. Third edition. Wiley, New York, New York, USA.
18. Fry, J. D. 1990. Trade-offs in fitness on different hosts: Evidence from a selection experiment with the phytophagous mite Tetranychus urticae Koch. American Naturalist 136:569-580.
19. Gershenzon, J. 1984. Changes in the levels of plant secondary metabolites under water and nutrient stress. Recent Advances in Phytochemistry 18:273-320.
20. Green, T. R., and C. A. Ryan. 1972. Wound-induced proteinase inhibitor in plant leaves: A possible defense mechanism against insects. Science 175:776-777.
21. Han, K., and D. E. Lincoln. 1994. The evolution of carbon allocation to plant secondary metabolites: a genetic analysis of cost in Diplacus aurantiacus. Evolution 48:1550-1563.
22. Harcourt, D. G. 1957. Biology of the diamondback moth, Plutella maculipennis (Curt.) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae), in Eastern Ontario. II. Life-history, behavior, and host relationships. Canadian Entomologist 89:554-564.
23. Haukioja, E., and P. Niemela. 1979. Birch leaves as a resource for herbivores: Seasonal occurrence of increased resistance in foliage after mechanical damage of adjacent leaves. Oecologia (Berlin) 39:151-159.
24. Heaney, R. K., and G. R. Fenwick. 1981. A micro-column method for the rapid determination of total glucosinolate content of cruciferous material. Zeitschrift für Z. Pflanzenzüchtung 87:89-95.
25. Herms, D. A., and W. J. Mattson. 1992. The dilemma of plants: to grow or defend. Quarterly Review of Biology 67:283-335.
26. Hicks, K. L. 1974. Mustard oil glucosides: feeding stimulant for adult cabbage flea beetles, Phyllotreta cruciferae (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America 67:261-264.
27. Hill, W. G., and A. Caballero. 1992. Artificial selection experiments. Annual Review Ecology and Systematics 23:287-310.
28. Jackson, G. D., G. D. Kushnak, L. E. Welty, M. P. Westcott, and D. M. Wichman. 1993. Fertilizing canola. Montana AgResearch 10:21-24.
29. Janzen, D. H. 1974. Tropical blackwater rivers, animals and mast fruiting by Dipterocarpaceae. Biotropica 6:69-103.
30. Karban, R., R. Adamchak, and W. C. Schnathorst. 1987. Induced resistance and interspecific competition between spider mites and a vascular wilt fungus. Science 235:678-680.
31. Karban, R., and J. H. Myers. 1989. Induced plant responses to herbivory. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 20:331-348.
32. Lamb, R. J. 1989. Entomology of oilseed Brassica crops. Annual Review of Entomology 34:211-229.
33. Larsen, P. O. 1981. Glucosinolates. Pages 501-525 in P. K. Stumpf and E. E. Conn, editors. The biochemistry of plants. Volume 7. Academic Press, New York, New York, USA.
34. Leroi, A. M., A. K. Chippindale, and M. R. Rose. 1994. Long-term laboratory evolution of a genetic life-history trade-off in Drosophila melanogaster. 1. The role of genotype-by-environment interaction. Evolution 48:1244-1257.
35. Lewinsohn, E., M. Gijzen, and R. Croteau. 1991. Defense mechanisms of conifers. Differences in constitutive and wound-induced monoterpene biosynthesis among species. Plant Physiology 96:44-49.
36. Louda, S. M., and J. E. Rodman. 1983. Concentration of glucosinolates in relation to habitat and insect herbivory for the native crucifer Cardamine cordifolia. Biochemical Systematics and Ecology 11:199-207.
37. Maddox, G. D., and N. Cappuccino. 1986. Genetic determination of plant susceptibility to an herbivorous insect depends on environmental context. Evolution 40:863-866.
38. Mattson, W. J. 1980. Herbivory in relation to plant nitrogen content. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 11:119-161.
39. Mattson, W. J., R. K. Lawrence, R. A. Haack, D. A. Herms, and P. J. Charles. 1988. Defensive strategies of woody plants against different insect-feeding guilds in relation to plant ecological strategies and intimacy of association with insects. Pages 3-38 in W. J. Mattson, J. Levieux, and C. Bernard-Dagan, editors. Mechanisms of woody plant defenses against insects: search for patterns. Springer-Verlag, New York, New York, USA.
40. McKey, D. 1974. Adaptive patterns in alkaloid physiology. American Naturalist 108:305-320.
41. McKey, D. B. 1979. The distribution of secondary compounds within plants. Pages 55-133 in G. A. Rosenthal and D. H. Janzen, editors. Herbivores: their interactions with plant secondary compounds. Academic Press, New York, New York, USA.
42. Mengistu, A., S. R. Rimmer, E. Koch, and P. H. Williams. 1991. Pathogenicity grouping of Leptosphaeria maculans isolates based on three cultivars of Brassica napus. Cruciferae Newsletter 14/15:152-154.
43. Mitchell-Olds, T. 1992. Does environmental variation maintain genetic variation? A question of scale. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 7:397-398.
44. Mitchell-Olds, T., and D. Bradley. 1996. Genetics of Brassica rapa. 3. Costs of disease resistance to three fungal pathogens. Evolution 50:1866-1870.
45. Mitchell-Olds, T., and J. J. Rutledge. 1986. Quantitative genetics in natural plant populations: A review of the theory. American Naturalist 127:379-402.
46. Nakamura, R. R., T. Mitchell-Olds, R. S. Manasse, and D. Lello. 1995. Seed predation, pathogen infection and life-history traits in Brassica rapa. Oecologia 102:324-328.
47. Nunez-Farfan, J., and R. Dirzo. 1994. Evolutionary ecology of Datura stramonium L. in central Mexico: natural selection for resistance to herbivorous insects. Evolution 48:423-436.
48. Pilson, D. 1993. Natural selection for resistance to three herbivores in Brassica campestris. Bulletin of the Ecological Society of America 74:394.
49. _. 1996. Two herbivores and constraints on selection for resistance in Brassica rapa. Evolution 50:1492-1500.
50. Potter, D. A. 1992. Abundance and mortality of a specialist leaf miner in response to experimental shading and fertilization of American holly. Oecologia 91:14-22.
51. Poulton, J. E., and B. L. Moller. 1993. Glucosinolates. Pages 209-237 in J. P. Lea, editor. Methods in plant biochemistry. Volume 9. Academic, London, UK.
52. Rhoades, D. F. 1979. Evolution of plant chemical defenses against herbivory. Pages 3-54 in G. A. Rosenthal and D. H. Janzen, editors. Herbivores: their interaction with secondary plant metabolites. Academic Press, New York, New York, USA.
53. Rice, W. R. 1989. Analyzing tables of statistical tests. Evolution 43:223-225.
54. SAS. 1989. SAS/STAT user's guide. Version 6. Fourth edition. SAS Institute, Gary, North Carolina, USA.
55. Scriber, J. M., and F. Slansky Jr. 1981. The nutritional ecology of immature insects. Annual Review of Entomology 26:183-211.
56. Service, P. M., and M. R. Rose. 1985. Genetic covariation among life-history components: the effect of novel environments. Evolution 39:1638-1645.
57. Shelton, A. M., R. J. Cooley, M. K. Kroening, W. T. Wilsey, and S. D. Eigenbrode. 1990. Comparative analysis of two rearing procedures for diamondback moth (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae). Journal of Entomological Science 26:17-26.
58. Siemens, D. H., and T. Mitchell-Olds. 1996. Glucosinolates and herbivory by specialists (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae, Lepidoptera: Plutellidae): Consequences of concentration and induced resistance. Environmental Entomology 25:1344-1353.
59. Simms, E. L. 1992. Costs of plant resistance to herbivory. Pages 392-425 in R. S. Fritz and E. L. Simms, editors. Plant resistance to herbivores and pathogens: ecology, evolution, and genetics. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
60. . 1996. The evolutionary genetics of plant-pathogen systems. BioScience 46:136-145.
61. Steel, R. G. D., and J. H. Torrie. 1980. Principles and pro- cedures of statistics: a biometrical approach. Second edition. McGraw-Hill, New York. New York, USA.
62. Thomas, P. 1984. Canola growers manual. Canola Council of Canada, Winnipeg, Saskatchewan.
63. Tuite, J. 1969. Plant pathological methods: fungi and bacteria. Burgess, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.
64. Tuomi, J. 1992. Toward integration of plant defence theories. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 7:365-367.
65. Waterman, P. G., and S. Mole. 1989. Extrinsic factors influencing production of secondary metabolites in plants. Pages 107-134 in E. A. Bernays, editor. Insect-plant interactions. CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, USA.
66. Wilkinson, L. 1990. SYSTAT: The system for statistics. SYSTAT, Evanston, Illinois, USA.
67. Wolfson, J. L. 1982. Developmental responses of Pieris rapae and Spodoptera eridania to environmentally induced variation in Brassica nigra. Environmental Entomology 11:207-213.
68. Zangerl, A. R. 1990. Furanocoumarin induction in wild parsnip: evidence for an induced defense against herbivores. Ecology 71:1926-1932.
69. Zangerl, A. R., and F. A. Bazzaz. 1992. Theory and pattern in plant defense allocation. Pages 363-391 in Plant resistance to herbivores and pathogens: ecology, evolution, and genetics. R. S. Fritz and E. L. Simms, editors. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
70. Zangerl, A. R., and M. R. Berenbaum. 1990. Furanocoumarin induction in wild parsnip: genetics and populational variation. Ecology 71:1933-1940.
71. Zangerl, A. R., and C. E. Rutledge. 1996. The probability of attack and patterns of constitutive and induced defense: a test of optimal defense theory. American Naturalist 147:599-608.