Brood pouches in trilobites

Journal of Paleontology

Volumn 72, Issue 4, 1998, Pages 638-649

  Fortey, Richard A ^a   Hughes, Nigel C ^b  

^a DEPARTMENT OF LIFE SCIENCES   (United Kingdom)

^b UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

REPRODUCTION; SEXUAL DIMORPHISM; TRILOBITE;

EID: 0031821110     PISSN: 00223360     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1017/S0022336000040361     Document Type: Article

References (85)

1. ADRAIN, J. M., AND G. KLOC. 1997. Lower Devonian aulacoplcuroidean trilobites from Oklahoma. Journal of Paleontology, 71:703-712.
2. BABCOCK, L. E. 1994. Systematics and phylogenetics of polymeroid trilobites from the Henson Gletscher and Kap Stanton Formations (Middle Cambrian), North Greenland. Grønlands Geologiske Undersøgelse Bulletin, 169:78-127.
3. BARRANDE, J. 1852. Systême Silurien du centre de la Bohême. Ie're partie. Recherches paléontologiques, Prague and Paris, 935 p.
4. BELL, G. 1980. The costs of reproduction and their consequences. American Naturalist, 116:45-76.
5. BRIGGS, D. E. G., AND R. A. FORTEY. 1989. The early radiation and relationships of the major arthropod groups. Science, 246:241-43.
6. BRUSCA, R. C., AND G. J. BRUSCA. 1990. Invertebrates. Sinauer Associates, Massachusetts, 922 p.
7. BRUTON, D. L. AND A. W. OWEN. 1988. The Norwegian Upper Ordovician illaenid trilobites. Norsk Geologisk Tidsskrift. 68:241-258.
8. CLARKSON, E. N. K. 1969. Dimorphism of the eye in Webendes shunnerensis (King) [Trilobita], p. 185-195. In G. E. G. Westermann (ed.), Sexual Dimorphism in Fossil Metazoa and Taxonomic Implications. E. Schweizerbart'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, Stuttgart.
9. _, AND XI-GUANG ZHANG. 1991. Ontogeny of the Carboniferous trilobite Paladin eichwaldi shunnerensis (King 1914). Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh: Earth Sciences, 82:277-295.
10. COURTESSOLE, R. 1973. Le Cambrien moyen de la Montagne Noire Biostratigraphie. Faculty of Science Toulouse. 241 p.
11. DEAN, W. T., AND ZHI-YI ZHOU. 1988. Upper Cambrian trilobites from the Zap Valley, south-east Turkey. Palaeontology, 31:621-649.
12. EGOROVA, L. I., T. V. PEGEL, V. E. SAVITSKY, S. S. SUCHOV, AND N. E. TCHERNYSHEVA. 1982.Maiskii yarus stratotypicheskoy mestnosti (srednii Kembrii yogo-vostoka Sibirskoy platformy). (Maya Stage of Type Locality [Middle Cambrian of south eastern Siberian platform]). Trudy Miniisterstvo Geologii mezhvedomstvennii stratigraphifecheskii kommtet SSSR, Akademiya nauk SSSR, 8, 145 p. [In Russian]
13. _, AND V. E. SAVITSKY. 1969. Stratigrafia i biofatsii kembriya Sibirskoy platfory, Zapadnoe Prianabar'e (Cambrian stratigraphy and biofacies of the Siberian Plaftorm, western part of the Anabar area). Trudy Sibirskogo nauchno- issledovatelskogo Instituta Geologii, Geofisiki, i mineralnogo Syrya, Ministerstva geologii i okhrany neor SSSR. 43, 403 p. [in Russian]
14. ERGALIEV, G. K. 1980.Trilobity srednego i verkhneko Kembriya Malay Karatau. (Middle and Upper Cambrian trilobites of Malay Karatau). Ordena trudovogo krasnogo znameni, Trudy Institut geologicheskikh nauk. Akademiya nauk Kazakhskoy SSSR, 1, 211 p. [In Russian]
15. _ 1983. Grantisa Kembriya i Ordovika v yozhom Kazakhstane i Ulutau. (Cambrian-Ordovician boundary in southern Kazakhstan and Ulutai) p. 6-66. In Stratigrafiya i paleontologiya Niznego Paleozoya Kazakhstana. (The Lower Paleozoic stratigraphy and paleontology of Kazakhstan) Kazakh SSR Publishing House Nauka Kazakhshoe, Almaty. [In Russian]
16. FORTEY, R. A. 1985. Pelagic trilobites as an example of deducing the life habits of extinct arthropods. Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh: Earth Sciences, 76:219-230.
17. _ 1990. Ontogeny, hypostome attachment and trilobite classification. Palaeontology, 33:529-76.
18. _, AND L. R. M. COCKS. 1990. Biogeography of Ordovician and Silurian faunas. In W. S. McKerrow and C. R. Scotese (eds.), Palaeozoic Palaeogeography and Biogeography. Geological Society of London, Memoir 12:97-104.
19. _, AND R. M. OWENS. 1990. Trilobites. p. 121-142. In K. J. Mc-Namara (ed.), Evolutionary Trends. Belhaven Press, London.
20. _, AND _. 1991. The early Ordovician trilobite Beltella, Proceedings of the Bristol Naturalists Society, 49:69-79.
21. _, AND _. 1997. Bubble-headed trilobites, and a new olenid example. Palaeontology, 40:11-20.
22. _, AND H. B. WHITTINGTON. 1989. The Trilobita as a natural group. Historical Biology, 2:125-138.
23. HARRINGTON, A., AND A. F. LEANZA. 1957. Ordovician Trilobites of Argentina. University of Kansas Press and Geological Society of America. 276 p.
24. HENNINGSMOEN, G. 1957. The Trilobite family Olenidae. Skrifter Utgitt av det norske Videnskaps-Akademi i Oslo 1. Matematisk - Naturvi- denskabelig Klasse, 1:1-303.
25. _. 1965. On certain features of palaeocope ostracodes. Geologisk Foreningens i Stockholm Forhandlingar, 86:329-394.
26. HESSLER, R. R., AND W. A NEWMAN. 1975. A trilobitomorph origin for the Crustacea. Fossils and Strata, 4:437-460.
27. HOLLOWAY, D. J., AND K. S. W. CAMPBELL. 1974. The Silurian trilobite Onycopyge Woodward. Palaeontology, 17:409-422.
28. Hu, C. H. 1971. Ontogeny and sexual dimorphism of Lower Paleozoic Trilobita: Palaeontographica Americana, no. 44:1-155.
29. _. 1985. Ontogenetic development of Cambrian trilobites from British Columbia and Alberta, Canada (Pt. 1). Journal of the Taiwan Museum, 38:121-158.
30. HUGHES, N. C., AND R. A. FORTEY. 1995. Sexual dimorphism in trilobites, with an Ordovician case study, p. 419-421. In J. C. Cooper, M. L. Droser, and S. C. Finney (eds.), Ordovician Odyssey, SEPM Pacific Section, Los Angeles.
31. HUTCHINSON, R. D. 1962. Cambrian stratigraphy and trilobite faunas of southeastern Newfoundland. Bulletin of the Geological Survey of Canada, 88:1-156.
32. IVSHIN, N. K. 1956. Verkhnekembryskiye trilobity Kasakhstana (Upper Cambrian trilobites of Kazakhstan). Trudy Institut geologicheskikh nauk, Akademiya nauk Kazakhskoy SSSR, 1, 98 p. [In Russian]
33. JAANUSSON, V. 1985. Functional morphology of the shell of platycope ostracodes - a study of inverted evolution. Lethaia, 18:73-84.
34. JELL, P. A. 1978. Trilobite respiration and genal caeca: Alcheringa, 2:251-260.
35. _. 1985. Tremadoc trilobites of the Digger Island Formation, Waratah Bay, Victoria. Memoirs of the Museum of Victoria, 46:53-88.
36. KAESTNER, A., 1970, Invertebrate Zoology, Volume 3. Interscience, New York. 523 p.
37. KHALFINA, L. L. 1960. Biostratigrafiya paleozoya Siayano-Altaiskoy gornoy oblasti [Biostratigraphy of the Paleozoic of the Altai-Siayan mountain region]. Trudy Sibirskogo nauchno-issledovatelskogo Instituta Geologii, Geofisiki, i mineralnogo Syrya, Ministerstva geologii i okhrany neor SSSR, 19:1-498. [in Russian]
38. LILLJEBORG, W. 1901. Cladocera Sueciae: Nova Acta Regia Societas Scientarum Upsaliensis. Series 3, 19:1-351.
39. LIÑÁN, E., AND R. GOZALO. 1986. Trilobites del Cambrico inferior y medio de Murero (Cordillera Iberica). Memorias del Museo Paleontologico de la Universidad de Zaragoza, 2:7-104.
40. LU, YAN-HAO, WEN-TANG ZHANG, YI-YUAN QIAN, HUAN-LING LIN, ZHI-YI ZHOU, AND K. X. YUAN. 1974. Cambrian trilobites, p. 1-454. In Yan-hao Lu, Wen-tang Zhang, Yi-yuan Chien, H. L. Lin, Zhi-Yi Zhou and K. X. Yuan. A Handbook of the Stratigraphy and Paleontology of Southwestern China. Science Press, Beijing. [In Chinese]
41. _, AND Yi-YUAN QIAN. 1983. Cambro-Ordovician trilobites from eastern Guizhou. Palaeontologia Cathayana. 1:1-105.
42. LUXMOORE, R. A. 1985. The energy budget of a population of the Antarctic isopod Serolis polita. p. 389-396. In W. R. Siegfried, P. R. Condy and R. M. Laws (eds.), Antarctic Nutrient Cycles and Food Webs. Springer, Berlin.
43. MARTINSSON, A. 1962. Ostracodes of the family Beyrichiidae from the Silurian of Gotland. Bulletin of the Geological Institution of the University of Uppsala, 151:1-369.
44. NELSON, K. 1991. Scheduling of reproduction in relation to molting and growth in malacostracan crustaceans. p. 77-113. In A. Wenner and A. Kuris (eds.), Crustacean Egg Production, Crustacean Issues, Volume 7, Balkema, Amsterdam,
45. ÖPIK, A. A. 1967. The Mindyallan fauna of north-western Queensland. Bulletin of the Bureau of Mineral Resources, Geology and Geophysics, Australia, 74:1-404.
46. _. 1970. Nepeiid trilobites of the Middle Cambrian of Northern Australia: Bulletin of the Bureau of Mineral Resources Geology and Geophysics, Australia. 113:1-48.
47. OWEN, A. W., AND D. L. BRLTON. 1980. Late Caradoc - early Ashgill trilobites of the central Oslo Region, Norway. Palaeontological Contributions from the University of Oslo, 245:1-42.
48. OWENS, R. M., R. A. FORTEY, J. C. W. COPE, A. W. A. RUSHTON, AND M. G. BASSETT. 1982. Tremadoc faunas from the Carmarthen district, South Wales. Geological Magazine, 119:1-38.
49. PALMER, A. R., AND C. G. GATEHOUSE. 1972. Early and Middle Cambrian trilobites from Antarctica. United States Geological Survey Professional Papers, 456-D: 1-36.
50. PENG, SHAN-CHI, 1990. Trilobites of the Panjiazui Formation and the Madaoyu Formation in the Jiangnan Slope Belt. Beringeria, 2:55-271.
51. _. 1991. Tremadocian trilobites from Guotang Formation, Luxi, Western Hunan. Acta Palaeontologica Sinica, 30:141-166.
52. PERRY, D. G., AND B. D. E. CHATTERTON. 1977. Silurian (Wenlockian) trilobites from Baillie-Hamilton Island, Canadian Arctic Archipelago. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 14:285-317.
53. PETRUVINA, Z. E. 1990. Some new early Ordovician trilobites and news of paleontology and biostratigraphy of the Paleozoic of the Asian part of the USSR (Nekorye novye rannerodorviskie trilobity y novye v paleonetologii i biostratigrafii paleozoya Aziatskoy chasti SSSR). Naukya Science Press, Siberian Department, Novosibirsk, 21-164. [In Russian]
54. RAMSKÖLD, L., AND G. D. EDGECOMBE. 1991. Trilobite monophyly revisited. Historical Biology, 4:267-283.
55. _, AND L. WERDELIN. 1991. The phylogeny and evolution of some phacopid trilobites. Cladistics, 7:29-74.
56. RASETTI, F. 1955. Lower Cambrian ptychopariid trilobites from the conglomerates of Quebec. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, 123:1-35.
57. REPINA, L. N., AND E. V. ROMANENKO. 1978. Trilobity i stratigrafiya nizhnego Kembriya Altaya (Trilobites and stratigraphy of the Lower Cambrian of Altai). Trudy Institut geologii i geofisiki, Sibirskoe otdeleniye, Akademiya nauk SSSR, 382:1-304. [In Russian]
58. ROSOVA, A. V. 1968. Biostratigrafiya i Trilobity Verhnego Kembriya i Nizhnego Ordovika Severo-Zapada Sibirskoi Platformy (Biostratigraphy and trilobites of the Upper Cambrian and Lower Ordovician of the northwestern Siberian platform). Trudy Institut geologii i geofisiki, Sibirskoe otdeleniye, Akademiya nauk SSSR, 36:1-196. [In Russian]
59. RUEDEMANN, R. 1934. Paleozoic plankton of North America. Memoirs of the Geological Society of America, 2:1-141.
60. RUSHTON, A. W. A., AND N. C. HUGHES. 1996. Biometry, systematics and biogeography of the late Cambrian trilobite Maladioidella abdita. Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh: Earth Sciences, 86:247-256.
61. SCHRAM, F. R. 1986. Crustacea. Oxford University Press, New York, 606 p.
62. SCHWIMMER, D. R. 1989. Taxonomy and biostratigraphic significance of some middle Cambrian trilobites from the Conasauga Formation in western Georgia. Journal of Paleontology, 63:484-494.
63. SHERGOLD, J. H. 1971. Late Upper Cambrian trilobites from the Gola Beds, western Queensland. Bulletin of the Bureau of Resources, Geology and Geophysics Australia, 112:1-126.
64. ŠNAJDR, M. 1958. Trilobiti Českého Středního Kambria. Rozpravy ústředního ústavu geologického, 24:1-280. [In Czech]
65. _. 1990. Bohemian trilobites. Geological Survey, Prague. 265 p.
66. SPEYER, S. E., AND C. E. BRETT. 1985. Clustered trilobite assemblages in the Middle Devonian Hamilton Group. Lethaia, 18:85-103.
67. STØRMER, L. 1944. On the relationships and phylogeny of fossils and recent Arachnomorpha. Skrifter utgitt av del norske-Videnskaps-Academi i Oslo, series 1, 5:1-158.
68. SUNDBERG, F. A. 1994. Corynexochida and Ptychopariida (Trilobita, Arthropoda) of the Ehmaniella biozone (Middle Cambrian), Utah and Nevada. Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County Contributions in Science, 446:1-137.
69. THOMAS, A. T., R. M. OWENS, AND A. W. A. RUSHTON. 1984. Trilobites in British Stratigraphy. Geological Society of London Special Report Number 16:1-78.
70. WALCOTT, C. D. 1916 Cambrian Geology and Paleontology, No. 3 - Cambrian trilobites. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, 64:1-259.
71. WEBBY, B. D., QI-ZHENG WANG, AND K. J. MILLS. 1988. Upper Cambrian and basal Ordovician trilobites from western New South Wales. Palaeontology, 31:905-938.
72. WESTERGÅRD, A. H. 1948. Non-agnostidean trilobites of the Middle Cambrian of Sweden. Sveriges geologiska undersökning, Series C, 42:1-32.
73. _. 1950. Non-agnostidean trilobites of the Middle Cambrian of Sweden, Pt. 2. Sveriges geologiska undersökning, Series C, 43(for 1949):1-57.
74. WHEELER, W. C., P. CARTWRIGHT, AND C. Y. HAYASHI. 1993. Arthropod phylogeny: a combined approach. Cladistics, 91-39.
75. WHITTAKER, J. E. 1978. On Xestoleberis rubens Whittaker sp. nov: Stereo-Atlas of Ostracod Shells, 5:35-44.
76. WILLS, M. A., D. E. G. BRIGGS, R. A. FORTEY, AND M. WILKINSON. 1995. The significance of fossils in understanding arthropod evolution. Verhandlungen der Deutschen Zoologischen Gesellschaft, 88, 203-215.
77. WOLFART, R. 1974. Die Fauna (Brachiopoda, Mollusca, Trilobita) des älteren Ober-Kambriums (Ober-Kushanian) von Dorah Shah Dad, Südost-Iran, und Surkh Bum Zentral-Afganistan: Geologisches Jahrbuch, Series B, 8:74-184.
78. XIANG, LI-WEN, AND TAI-RONG ZHANG. 1985. Stratigraphy and trilobite faunas of the Cambrian in the western part of northern Tiasnshan, Xinjiang: Geological Memoirs of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources, People's Republic of China, Series 2, 4, 243 p. [In Chinese with English summary]
79. YAMASAKI, T., T. MAKIOKA, AND J. SAITO. 1988. Morphology. p. 69-132. In K. Sekiguchi (ed.), The Biology of Horseshoe Crabs. Science House Co., Ltd., Tokyo.
80. ZHANG, WEN-TANG, YAN-HAO LU, ZHAO-LDMG SHU, YI-YUAN QIAN, HUAN-LING LIN, ZHI-YI ZHOU, SEN-GUI ZHANG, AND JIN-LIANG YUAN. 1980. Cambrian trilobite faunas of southwestern China. Palaeontologia Sinica New Series B, 16, 497 p. [In Chinese with English summary]
81. ZHANG, WEN-TANG, AND JIN-LIANG YUAN. 1981. Trilobites from the Hsuchuang Formation (lower Middle Cambrian) in western marginal parts of the North China platform. Geological Society of America Special Paper, 187:161-175.
82. _, AND P. A. JELL. 1987. Cambrian Trilobites of North China. Science Press, Beijing, 459 p.
83. ZHANG, XI-GUANG. 1989. Ontogeny of an Early Cambrian eodiscoid trilobite from Henan, China. Lethaia, 22:13-29.
84. ZHOU, TIEN-MEI, XI-REN LIU, XIAN-SONG MENG, AND ZHEN-HUA SUN. 1977. Trilobites. Paleontological Atlas of Central Southern China, Volume 1. Science Press, Beijing, 470 p. [In Chinese]
85. ZHURAVLEVA, I. T., AND A. V. ROSOVA. 1977. Biostratigrafii i fauna verkhnego Kembriya i pogranichnykh s nim sloer (novie dannie po azaitskoy chasti SSSR) (Biostratigraphy and fauna of the Upper Cambrian strata and their boundaries [new data from the Asiatic part of the USSR]). Trudy Institut geologii i geofisiki, Sibirskoe otdeleniye, Akademiya nauk SSSR, 313, 357 p. [In Russian]