Multiple equilibria in ocean models as a side effect of convective adjustment

Journal of Physical Oceanography

Volumn 28, Issue 4, 1998, Pages 621-633

  Vellinga, Michael ^a  

^a UTRECHT UNIVERSITY   (Netherlands)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CIRCULATION; CONVECTION; MIXING; THERMOHALINE CIRCULATION;

EID: 0031819018     PISSN: 00223670     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1175/1520-0485(1998)028<0621:MEIOMA>2.0.CO;2     Document Type: Article

References (22)

1. Alves, J. O. S., 1995: Open-ocean deep convection: understanding and parameterization, Ph.D. thesis, University of Reading, 124 pp. [Available from U.K. Meteorological Office, London Road, Bracknell, Berkshire RG12 2SZ, United Kingdom.]
2. Dijkstra, H. A., and M. J. Molemaker, 1997: Symmetry breaking and overturning oscillations in thermohaline driven flows. J. Fluid Mech., 331, 169-198.
3. _, _, A. van der Ploeg, and E. F. F. Botta, 1995: An efficient code to compute non-parallel steady flows and their linear stability. Comput. Fluids, 24, 415-434.
4. Haney, R. L., 1971: Surface thermal boundary condition for ocean circulation models. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 1, 241-248.
5. Hughes, T. M. C., and A. J. Weaver, 1994: Multiple equilibria of an asymmetric two-basin ocean model. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 24, 619-634.
6. Klinger, B. A., J. Marshall, and U. Send, 1996: Representation of convective plumes by vertical adjustment. J. Geophys. Res., 101 (C8), 18 175-18 182.
7. Lenderink, G., and R. J. Haarsma, 1994: Variability and multiple equilibria of the thermohaline circulation associated with deepwater formation. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 24, 1480-1493.
8. _, and _, 1996: Rapid convective transitions in the presence of sea ice. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 26, 1448-1467.
9. Marotzke, J., 1991: Influence of convective adjustment on the stability of the thermohaline circulation of the ocean. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 21, 901-907.
10. McCann, M., A. J. Semtner Jr., and R. M. Chervin, 1994: Transports and budgets of volume, heat, and salt from a global eddy-resolving ocean model. Climate Dyn., 10, 59-80.
11. Rahmstorf, S., 1995a: Multiple convection patterns and thermohaline flow in an idealized OGCM. J. Climate, 8, 3028-3039.
12. _, 1995b: Rapid climate transitions in a coupled ocean-atmosphere model. Nature, 372, 82-85.
13. Schmidt, G. A., and L. A. Mysak, 1996: The stability of a zonally averaged thermohaline circulation model. Tellus, 48A, 158-178.
14. Schott, F., M. Visbeck, and U. Send, 1994: Open ocean deep convection, Mediterranean and Greenland seas. Ocean Processes in Climate Dynamics: Global and Mediterranean Examples, NATO ASI Series, P. Malanotte-Rizzoli and A. R. Robinson, Eds., Kluwer, 203-225.
15. Schreiber, R., and H. B. Keller, 1983: Spurious solutions in driven cavity calculations. J. Comput. Phys., 49, 165-172
16. Send, U., and J. Marshall, 1995: Integral effects of deep convection. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 25, 855-872.
17. Seydel, R., 1988: From Equilibrium to Chaos - Practical Bifurcation and Stability Analysis. Elsevier Science, 367 pp.
18. Speich, S., H. Dijkstra, and M. Ghil, 1995: Succesive bifurcations in a shallow-water model applied to the wind-driven ocean circulation. Nonlin. Proc. Geophys., 2, 241-268.
19. Vellinga, M., 1996: Instability of two-dimensional thermohaline circulation. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 26, 305-319.
20. _, 1997: Bifurcation and dynamics of the ocean's thermohaline circulation. Ph.D. thesis, Utrecht University, 129 pp. [Available from Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 5, 3584 CC Utrecht, the Netherlands.
21. Weaver, A. J., and E. S. Sarachik, 1991: The role of mixed boundary conditions in models of the ocean's climate. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 21, 1470-1492.
22. Yin, F. L., and E. S. Sarachik, 1994: An efficient convective adjustment scheme for ocean general circulation models. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 24, 1425-1430.