Germinal center formation following immunization with the polysaccharide dextran B512 is substantially increased by cholera toxin

International Immunology

Volumn 10, Issue 7, 1998, Pages 851-859

  Sverremark, Eva ^a,b   Fernandez, Carmen ^a  

^a STOCKHOLM UNIVERSITY   (Sweden)

^b KAROLINSKA INSTITUTE   (Sweden)

Author keywords

Cholera toxin; Dextran B512; Germinal center

Indexed keywords

CHOLERA TOXIN; FLUORESCEIN ISOTHIOCYANATE DEXTRAN; PEANUT AGGLUTININ;

ANIMAL EXPERIMENT; ANIMAL TISSUE; ARTICLE; B LYMPHOCYTE; GERMINAL CENTER; IMMUNIZATION; MOUSE; NONHUMAN; PRIMARY IMMUNE RESPONSE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SECONDARY IMMUNE RESPONSE; SPLEEN;

ADJUVANTS, IMMUNOLOGIC; ANIMALS; ANTIBODY FORMATION; B-LYMPHOCYTES; CHOLERA TOXIN; DEXTRINS; DRUG SYNERGISM; EPITOPES; FEMALE; GERMINAL CENTER; IMMUNIZATION; IMMUNIZATION, SECONDARY; MALE; MICE; MICE, INBRED C57BL; SPLEEN;

EID: 0031814761     PISSN: 09538178     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/intimm/10.7.851     Document Type: Article

References (30)

1. Kelsoe, G. 1995. In situ studies of the germinal center reaction Adv. Immunol. 60:2673
2. Liu, Y. J, and Arpin, C. 1997. Germinal center development. Immunol. Rev. 156:111,
3. Wang, D., Wells, S. M., Stall, A. M. and Kabat, E. A. 1994 Reaction of germinal centers in the T-cell-independent response to the bacterial polysaccharide α(1-6)dextran. Proc. Natl Acad Sci. USA 91:2502,
4. Liu, Y. J., Zhang, J., Lane, P. J. L., Chan, E. Y. T. and MacLennan, I. C. M. 1991. Sites of specific B cell activation in primary and secondary responses to T cell dependent and T cell independent antigens. Eur. J. Immunol, 21:2951.
5. Stedra, J. and Cerny, J. 1994. Distinct pathways of B cell differentiation I. Residual T cells in anthmic mice support the development of splenic germlnal centers and B cell memory without the induction of antibody. J. Immunol. 152:1718.
6. Goodlad, J. R. and Macartney, J. C. 1995. Germinal-center cell proliferation in response to to T-independent antigens: a stathmokinetic, morphometrio and immunohistochemicai study in vivo. Eur. J. Immunol. 25:1918.
7. Mond, J. J., Lees, A. and Snapper, C. M. 1995. T cell independent antigens type 2. Annu. Rev. Immunol. 13:655.
8. Cowan, M. J., Ammann, A. J., Wara, D. W., Howie, V. M., Schuitz, L., Doyle, N. and Kaplan, M. 1978. Pneumococcal polysaccharide immunization in infants and children. Pediatrics 62:721.
9. Coutinho, A., Möller, G. and Rischten, W. 1974. Molecular basis of B cell activation. I. Mitogenicity of native and substituted dextrans. Scand. J. Immunol. 3:321.
10. Fernandez, C. and Möller, G. 1977. Immunological unresponsiveness to thymus-independent antigens: two fundamentally different mechanisms of B cell unresponsiveness to dextran. J. Exp. Med. 146:1663.
11. Fernandez, C. and Möller, G. 1977. Immune response against two epitopes on the same thymus-independent polysaccharide carrier I. Role of epitope density in carrier-dependent immunity and tolerance. Immunology 33:59.
12. Fernandez, C., Palacios, R. and Möller, G. 1982. Cyclosporin A Inhibits thymus-dependent but not thymus-independent immune responses induced by dextran B512. Scand. J. Immunol. 16:33.
13. Seppällä, I. and Mäkelä, O. 1989. Antigenicity of dextranprotein conjugates in mice Effect of molecular weight of the carbohydrate and comparison of two modes of coupling. J. Immunol. 143:1259.
14. Fernandez, C. and Sverremark, E. 1994. Immune responses to bacterial polysaccharides: terminal epitopes are more immunogenic than internal structures. Cell. Immunol. 153:67.
15. Sverremark, E. and Fernandez, C. 1997. Immunogenicity of bacterial carbohydrates. Cholera toxin modulates the immune response against dextran B512. Immunology 92:153.
16. Kateley, J. R., Kasarov, L. and Friedman, H. 1975. Modulation of in vivo responses by cholera toxin. J. Immunol. 114:81.
17. Vajdy, M. and Lycke, N 1993. Stimulation of antigen-specific T- and B-cell memory in local as well as systemic lymphoid tissues following oral immunization with cholera toxin adjuvant. Immunology 80:197.
18. Bromander, A., Holmgren, J. and Lycke, N. 1991. Cholera toxin stimulates IL-1 production and enhances antigen presentation by macrophages in vitro. J. Immunol. 146:2908.
19. Hörnquist, E. and Lycke, N. 1993. Cholera toxin adjuvant greatly promotes antigen priming of T cells. Eur. J. Immunol. 23:136.
20. Lycke, N. and Strober, W. 1989. Cholera toxin promotes B cell isotype differentiation. J. Immunol. 142:3781,
21. Lycke, N., Severinsson, E. and Strober, W. 1990. Cholera toxin acts synergistically with IL-4 to promote IgG1 switch differentiation. J. lmmunol. 145:3316.
22. Fernandez, C. and Möller, G. 1990. Serum antibody and cellular immune response in mice to dextran B512. Cell. Immunol. 131:41.
23. Fernandez, C. and Möller. G. 1979. Antigen-induced strainspecific autoanti-idiotypic antibodies modulate the immune response to dextran B512. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 76:5944.
24. Fernandez, C. and Möller, G. 1980. A primary immune response to dextran B512 is followed by a period of antigen-specific immunosuppression caused by autoanti-idiotypic antibodies. Scand. J. lmmunol. 11:53.
25. Miller, C., Stedra, J. Kelsoe, G. and Cerny. J. 1995. Facultative role of germinal centers and T cells in the somatic diversification of lgVH genes. J. Exp. Med. 181:1319.
26. Liu, Y. J. 1997. Sites of B lymphocyte selection, activation, and tolerance in spleen. J. Exp. Med. 186:625.
27. Benner, R., Hijmans, W. and Haaijman, J. J. 1981. The bone marrow: the major source of serum immunoglobulins, but still a neglected site of antibody formation. Clin. Exp. Immunol. 46:1.
28. Dilosa, R. M., Maeda, K., Masuda, A., Szakal, A. K. and Tew, J. G, 1991. Germinal center B cells and antibody production in the bone marrow. J. Immunol. 146:4071.
29. + T lymphocytes. The role of CD40 Ligand, soluble factors, and B cell antigen receptor cross-linking. J. Immunol 159:1783.
30. + B cell subset with phenotypical and functional characteristics of germinal center B cells. Eur. J. Immunol. 26:1712.